it now reaches nearly five hundred millions of dollars annually. It has raised the revenues of the Government to two hundred and fifteen millions. It has given India the newspaper— that great educator-so that there are twentyeight newspapers published weekly in Bengalthree of them in English, by the natives-thirty native presses in Madras, and I know not how many in Bombay and Ceylon, and twenty-five presses among the missions alone. It has established schools in all parts of the land, in which those sciences are taught that undermine the prevailing systems of superstition and error. It has made the English language classical in the country, and by this means it is furnishing the native mind with the rich and Christian stores of which that noble tongue is the medium. It has protected missionaries of Christ and their

converts.

Since the mutiny eight or ten new missionary societies have entered India, bringing large additions to its evangelizing forces, so that in 1862, according to Dr. Mullins, there were in British India, including Burmah and Ceylon, 31 societies, working in 386 stations and 2,307 outstations; 541 missionaries; 186 native missionaries; 1,776 catechists; 1,542 native churches; 49,688 communicants; 213,182 native Christians;

48,390 vernacular day-schools; 23,963 boys in Anglo-vernacular schools; 39,647 girls in day and boarding schools, showing an increase of over forty thousand Christians in ten years. Meanwhile the Bible has been translated into fourteen different languages of India, and circulated to the extent of 1,634,940 copies, and other Christian publications to that of 10,000,000.

Look, then, at this great peninsula, linked to the continent and the world by its languages, commerce, and religions; source of false faiths which together insnare six hundred millions of the human race, and the stronghold of a delusion that blinds a hundred and eighty millions more. This great moral pest-house, this Babel of devils, God has put into the power of one of the most enlightened Christian nations on earth. There are more Mohammedans under Victoria's scepter than under any other on earth. The Sultan has but twenty-one millions; she has twenty-five millions at least. There are more heathen under the same Christian queen than under any sovereign, except the emperor of China. And this mass is all through and through, and more and more, subjected to Christian influences. The telegraphs are so many ganglia in a great nervous system, diffusing new sensations; the railways are so many iron arteries, pumping Christian

blood through the native veins; the newspapers are so many digestive powers, preparing healthful moral food; the schools are so many batteries, thundering at the crumbling battlements of error; the missions are so many brains, thinking new and better thoughts.*~*~

Knowledge must be diffused through the earth. We know two things more; namely, that our religion can withstand modern science and make it tributary to itself, and that no other religion can; for every other faith has linked its science with its doctrines, so that they must both fall together. As to take Paris is to take France, and to take Sebastopol is to shake Russia to the Arctic seas, and to take Richmond is to shake out the rebels of the United States from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, so to Christianize India, owing to its key position in heathendom, is to shake out the idols from the face of the whole earth. Intellectual and moral power has both rights and responsibilities, and it is destined to rule the earth under the providence of God. Should Christian nations do for China what England has done for India, would not the people be wiser, better, happier? would not the boundaries of science, philosophy, and true religion be

*The annual expenditure for missions is $1,400,000, and the expenditure of the Government for schools about the same.

enlarged, and all the best interests of the world. be promoted? Should the decrepit empire of the Sultan perish, and Great Britain receive Egypt and the Barbary States, France Asia Minor, and Russia European Turkey, who does not see that peoples long oppressed and darkened would be delivered, enlightened, raised to a higher and nobler civilization, brought into more intimate communion with mankind, and made to contribute immensely more to the wealth, the wisdom, and the worth of the world?They may do wrongs which may justify superior nations in exercising power over them; and if they give to them governments better adapted to their condition, and fitted to secure the protection of all their interests, let us bid them Godspeed.

We have entered upon a grand era. The Almighty is shaking the nations preparatory to giving them to his Son. The lines both of prophecy and providence converge at a point to which our feet are rapidly tending. In the new dispensation to which we hasten India will be a grand actor.

VIII.

OUR FIELD IN INDIA.

FROM

field.

ROM the general survey of India, let us take a particular survey of our particular

Our mission field in Hindostan lies between the 25th and 30th parallels of North latitude. It is chiefly in the plain of the Ganges, though it crosses the Terai, and embraces a part of the lower spurs of the great chain of mountains on the north. Westward and southward it is bounded by the Sacred River, which, issuing from a chasm in the Himalayas at Hurdwar, proceeds, first southward, then south-eastward, to the Delta. Through this district, in a southeastern course, flow the Goomtee, the Gogra, the Saee, the Ramgunga, and the Raptee. Our field extends from east to west, 400 miles, and from north to south, nearly 150 miles.

With the exception of the jungle and a portion of the hills beyond, it is all arable, and is the