And then away to Venice to your friend; For never shall you lie by Portia's side With an unquiet soul. You shall have gold To pay the petty debt twenty times over; When it is paid, bring your true friend along : My maid Nerissa, and myself, mean time, Will live as maids and widows. Come, away; For you shall hence upon your wedding-day: Bid your friends welcome, show a merry cheer:1 Since you are dear bought, I will love you dear. But let me hear the letter of your friend.
Bass. [Reads.] Sweet Bassanio, my ships have all miscarried, my creditors grow cruel, my estate is very low, my bond to the Jew is forfeit; and since, in paying it, it is impossible I should live, all debts are cleared between you and I, if I might but see you at my death: notwithstanding, use your pleasure: if your love do not persuade you to come, let not my letter.
SCENE IV.-Belmont. A room in Portia's house. Enter Portia, Nerissa, Lorenzo, Jessica, and Balthazar.
Lor. Madam, although I speak it in your pre
You have a noble and a true conceit Of god-like amity; which appears most strongly In bearing thus the absence of your lord. But, if you knew to whom you show this honour, How true a gentleman you send relief, How dear a lover of my lord your husband, know, you would be prouder of the work, Than customary bounty can enforce you. Por. I never did repent for doing good, Nor shall not now: for in companions That do converse and waste the time together, Whose souls do bear an equal yoke of love, There must be needs a like proportion Of lineaments, of manners, and of spirit; Which makes me think, that this Antonio, Being the bosom lover of my lord, Must needs be like my lord: If it be so, How little is the cost I have bestow'd, In purchasing the semblance of my soul From out the state of hellish cruelty? This comes too near the praising of myself; Therefore no more of it: hear other things.- of Lorenzo, I commit into your hands
Por. O love, despatch all business, and be gone. Bass. Since I have your good leave to go away, I will make haste: But, till I come again, No bed shall e'er be guilty of my stay,
No rest be interposer 'twixt us twain.
[Exeunt. SCENE III.-Venice. A street. Enter Shylock, Salanio, Antonio, and Gaoler.
Shy. Gaoler, look to him;-Tell not me
This is the fool that lent out money gratis ;- Gaoler, look to him. Ant.
Hear me yet, good Shylock. Shy. I'll have my bond; speak not against my bond;
I have sworn an oath, that I will have my bond: Thou call'dst me dog, before thou had'st a cause: But, since I am a dog, beware my fangs : The duke shall grant me justice.-I do wonder, Thou naughty gaoler, that thou art so fond2 To come abroad with him at his request. Ant. I pray thee, hear me speak.
Shy. I'll have my bond; I will not hear thee speak:
I'll have my bond; and therefore speak no more. I'll not be made a soft and dull-ey'd fool, To shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield To Christian intercessors. Follow not; I'll have no speaking; I will have my bond.
[Exit Shylock. Salan. It is the most impenetrable cur, That ever kept with men.
I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers. He seeks my life; his reason well I know; I oft deliver'd from his forfeitures Many that have at times made moan to me; Therefore he hates me.
Salan. I am sure, the duke Will never grant this forfeiture to hold.
Ant. The duke cannot deny the course of law. For the commodity that strangers have With us in Venice, if it be denied, Will much impeach the justice of the state; Since that the trade and profit of the city Consisteth of all nations. Therefore, go: These griefs and losses have so 'bated me, That I shall hardly spare a pound of flesh To-morrow to my bloody creditor.- Well, gaoler, on:-Pray God, Bassanio come To see me pay this debt, and then I care not! (2) Foolish.
The husbandry and manage of my house, Until my lord's return: for mine own part, I have toward heaven breath'd a secret vow To live in prayer and contemplation, Only attended by Nerissa here, Until her husband and my lord's return: There is a monastery two miles off, And there we will abide. I do desire you, Not to deny this imposition;
The which my love, and some necessity, Now lays upon you.
Madam, with all my heart; shall obey you in all fair commands. Por. My people do already know my mind, And will acknowledge you and Jessica In place of lord Bassanio and myself. So fare you well, till we shall meet again. Lor. Fair thoughts, and happy hours, attend on you.
Jes. I wish your ladyship all heart's content. Por. I thank you for your wish, and am well pleas'd
To wish it back on you: fare you well, Jessica.[Exeunt Jessica and Lorenzo.
As I have ever found thee honest, true, So let me find thee still: Take this same letter, And use thou all the endeavour of a man, In speed to Padua; see thou render this Into my cousin's hand, doctor Bellario; And, look, what notes and garments he doth give thee,
Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin'd speed Unto the tranect, to the common ferry Which trades to Venice :-waste no time in words, But get thee gone; I shall be there before thee. Balth. Madam, I go with all convenient speed. [Exit.
Por. Come on, Nerissa; I have work in hand, That you yet know not of: we'll see our husbands, Before they think of us.
Por. They shall, Nerissa; but in such a habit, That they shall think we are accomplished With what we lack. I'll hold thee any wage
When we are both accoutred like young men, I'll prove the prettier fellow of the two, And wear my dagger with the braver grace; And speak, between the change of man and boy, With a reed voice; and turn two mincing steps Into a manly stride; and speak of trays, Like a fine bragging youth: and tell quaint lies, How honourable ladies sought my love, Which I denying, they fell sick and died; I could not do withal;-then I'll repent And wish, for all that, that I had not kill'd them: And twenty of these puny lies I'll tell, That men shall swear I have discontinued school Above a twelvemonth:-I have within my mind A thousand raw tricks of these bragging Jacks, Which I will practise.
Ner. Why, shall we turn to men? Por. Fie! what a question's that, If thou wert near a lewd interpreter? But come, I'll tell thee all my whole device When I am in my coach, which stays for us At the park gate; and therefore haste away, For we must measure twenty miles to-day. SCENE V.-The same. A Garden.
Jsilence; and discourse grow commendable in none only but parrots.-Go in, sirrah; bid them prepare for dinner.
Laun. That is done, sir; they have all stomachs. Lor. Goodly lord, what a wit-snapper are you! then bid them prepare dinner.
Laun. That is done too, sir; only, cover is the word.
Lor. Will you cover then, sir?
Laun. Not so, sir, neither; I know my duty.
Lor. Yet more quarrelling with occasion! Wilt thou show the whole wealth of thy wit in an instant? I pray thee, understand a plain man in his plain meaning: go to thy fellows; bid them cover the table, serve in the meat, and we will come in to dinner.
Laun. For the table, sir, it shall be served in; for the meat, sir, it shall be covered; for your coming in to dinner, sir, why, let it be as humours and conceits shall govern. [Exit Launcebt. Lor. O dear discretion, how his words are
[Exe. The fool hath planted in his memory An army of good words; And I do know Enter A many fools, that stand in better place, Garnish'd like him, that for a tricksy word Laun. Yes, truly:-for, look you, the sins of Defy the matter. How cheer'st thou Jessica? the father are to be laid upon the children: there- How dost thou like the lord Bassanio's wife? And now, good sweet, say thy opinion, fore, I promise you, I fear you. I was always plain with you, and so now I speak my agitation of the The lord Bassanio live an upright life; Jes. Past all expressing: It is very meet, matter: Therefore, be of good cheer; for, truly, For, having such a blessing in his lady, I think, you are damn'd. There is but one hope in it that can do you any good; and that is but a kind He finds the joys of heaven here on earth; of bastard hope neither. And, if on earth he do not mean it, it
Jes. And what hope is that, I pray thee? Laun. Marry, you may partly hope that your father got you not, that you are not the Jew's
Is reason he should never come to heaven. Why, if two gods should play some heavenly match, And on the wager lay two earthly women, And Portia one, there must be something else Pawn'd with the other; for the poor rude world
daughter. Jes. That were a kind of bastard hope, indeed; Hath not her fellow. so the sins of my mother should be visited upon me. I Lan. Truly then I fear you are damn'd both by father and mother: thus when I shun Scylla, your father, I fall into Charybdis, your mother: well, you are gone both ways.
Jes. I shall be saved by my husband; he hath made me a Christian.
Laun. Truly, the more to blame he: we were Christians enough before; e'en as many as could well live, one by another: This making of Christians will raise the price of hogs; if we grow all to be! pork-eaters, we shall not shortly have a rasher on the coals for money.
Jes. I'll tell my husband, Launcelot, what you say; here he comes.
Lor. I shall grow jealous of you shortly, Launcelot, if you thus get my wife into corners.
Jes. Nay, you need not fear us, Lorenzo; Launcelot and I are out: he tells me flatly, there is no mercy for me in heaven, because I am a Jew's daughter and he says, you are no good member of the commonwealth; for, in converting Jews to Christians, you raise the price of pork.
Hast thou of me, as she is for a wife. Jes. Nay, but ask my opinion too of that. Lor. I will anon; first, let us go to dinner, Jes. Nay, let me praise you, while I have a stomach.
Then, howsoe'er thou speak'st, 'mong other things Lor. No, pray thee, let it serve for table-talk, shall digest it, Jes. Well, I'll set you forth. [Exe,
SCENE I.-Venice. A court of Justice. Enter the Duke, the Magnificoes; Antonio, Bassanio, Gratiano, Salarino, Salanio, and others. Duke. What, is Antonio here? Ant. Ready, so please your grace. Duke. I am sorry for thee; thou art come to an
A stony adversary, an inhuman wretch Uncapable of pity, void and empty From any dram of mercy. Ant.
Lor. I shall answer that better to the commonwealth, than you can the getting up of the negro's belly: the Moor is with child by you, Launcelot. Your grace hath ta'en great pains to qualify Laun. It is much, that the Moor should be more His rigorous course; but since he stands obdurate, than reason: but if she be less than an honest And that no lawful mean can carry me woman, she is, indeed, more than I took her for, Out of his envy's' reach, I do oppose Lor. How every fool can play upon the word! My patience to his fury; and am arm'd I think, the best grace of wit will shortly turn into To suffer, with a quietness of spirit, The very tyranny and rage of his. (1) Hatred, malice.
Duke. Go one, and call the Jew into the court
Salan. He's ready at the door: he comes, my lord. You may as well do any thing most hard,
Duke. Make room, and let him stand before our face.-
Shylock, the world thinks, and I think so too, That thou but lead'st this fashion of thy malice To the last hour of act; and then, 'tis thought Thou'lt show thy mercy and remorse,' more strange Than is thy strange apparent cruelty: And where' thou now exact'st the penalty (Which is a pound of this poor merchant's flesh,) Thou wilt not only lose the forfeiture, But touch'd with human gentleness and love, Forgive a moiety of the principal; Glancing an eye of pity on his losses, That have of late so huddled on his back; Enough to press a royal merchant down, And pluck commiseration of his state
From brassy bosoms, and rough hearts of flint, From stubborn Turks, and Tartars, never train'd To offices of tender courtesy.
We all expect a gentle answer, Jew.
As seek to soften that (than which what's harder?) His Jewish heart :-Therefore, I do beseech you, Make no more offers, use no further means, But, with all brief and plain conveniency, Let me have judgment, and the Jew his will. Bass. For thy three thousand ducats here is six. Shy. If every ducat in six thousand ducats I would not draw them, I would have my bond. Were in six parts, and every part a ducat, Duke. How shalt thou hope for mercy, rend'ring none?
Shy. What judgment shall I dread, doing no wrong?
You have among you many a purchas'd slave, Which, like your asses, and your dogs, and mules, You use in abject and in slavish parts,
Because you bought them:-Shall I say to you, Let them be free, marry them to your heirs? Why sweat they under burdens ? let their beds Be made as soft as yours, and let their palates Be season'd with such viands? You will answer, The slaves are ours:-So do I answer you: The pound of flesh, which I demand of him,
Shy. I have possess'd your grace of what I pur- Is dearly bought, is mine, and I will have it :
And by our holy sabbath have I sworn, To have the due and forfeit of my bond. If you deny it, let the danger light Upon your charter, and your city's freedom. You'll ask me, why I rather choose to have A weight of carrion flesh, than to receive Three thousand ducats: I'll not answer that: But, say, it is my humour; Is it answer'd? What if my house be troubled with a rat, And I be pleas'd to give ten thousand ducats To have it baned? What, are you answer'd yet? Some men there are, love not a gaping pig; Some, that are mad, if they behold a cat; And others, when the bag-pipe sings i' the nose, Cannot contain their urine; For affection, Mistress of passion, sways it to the mood Of what it likes, or loaths: Now, for your answer: As there is no firm reason to be render'd, Why he cannot abide a gaping pig; Why he, a harmless necessary cat; Why he, a swollen bag-pipe; but of force Must yield to such inevitable shame, As to offend, himself being offended; So can I give no reason, nor I will not,
More than a lodg'd hate, and a certain loathing I bear Antonio, that I follow thus
A losing suit against him. Are you answer'd? Bass. This is no answer, thou unfeeling man, To excuse the current of thy cruelty.
Shy. I am not bound to please thee with my
Bass. Do all men kill the things they do not love?
Shy. Hates any man the thing he would not kill? Bass. Every offence is not a hate at first. Shy. What, would'st thou have a serpent sting thee twice?
Ant. I pray you, think you question" with the Jew:
You may as well go stand upon the beach, And bid the main flood bate his usual height; You may as well use question with the wolf, Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb; You may as well forbid the mountain pines To wag their high tops, and to make no noise, When they are fretted with the gusts of heaven; (1) Pity. (2) Seeming. (3) Whereas. 14) Particular fancy. (5) Crying. (6) Prejudice.
If you deny me, fie upon your law!
There is no force in the decrees of Venice:
I stand for judgment: answer; shall I have it? Duke. Upon my power, I may dismiss this court, Unless Bellario, a learned doctor,
Whom I have sent for to determine this, Come here to-day.
My lord, here stays withou A messenger with letters from the doctor, New come from Padua.
Duke. Bring us the letters; Call the messenger. Bass. Good cheer, Antonio! What, man?
The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones, and all, Ere thou shalt lose for me one drop of blood,
Ant. I am a tainted wether of the flock, Meetest for death; the weakest kind of fruit Drops earliest to the ground, and so let me You cannot better be employ'd, Bassanio, Than to live still, and write mine epitaph.
Enter Nerissa, dressed like a lawyer's clerk. Duke. Came you from Padua, from Bellario? Ner. From both, my lord: Bellario greets your grace. [Presents a letter. Bass. Why dost thou whet thy knife so ear nestly?
Shy. To cut the forfeiture from that bankrupt
Gra. Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew, Thou mak'st thy knife keen: but no metal can, No, not the hangman's axe, bear half the keenness Of thy sharp envy. Can no prayers pierce thee?
Shy. No, none that thou hast wit enough to make, Gra. O, be thou damn'd, inexorable dog! And for thy life let justice be accus'd. Thou almost mak'st me waver in my faith, To hold opinion with Pythagoras,
That souls of animals infuse themselves Into the trunks of men: thy currish spirit Govern'd a wolf, who, hang'd for human slaughter, Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet, And, whilst thou lay'st in thy unhallow'd dam, Infus'd itself in thee; for thy desires Are wolfish, bloody, starv'd, and ravenous. Shy. Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond,
The deeds of mercy. I have spoke thus much, To mitigate the justice of thy plea; Which if thou follow, this strict court of Venice Must needs give sentence 'gainst the merchant there.
Shy. My deed's upon my head! I crave the law, The penalty and forfeit of my bond.
Por. Is he not able to discharge the money? Bass. Yes, here I tender it for him in the court; Yea, twice the sum: if that will not suffice, will be bound to pay it ten times o'er, On forfeit of my hands, my head, my heart: If this will not suffice, it must appear
Go give him courteous conduct to this place.Mean time, the court shall hear Bellario's letter. [Clerk reads.] Your grace shall understand, that, at the receipt of your letter, I am very sick! That malice bears down truth. And I beseech you, but in the instant that your messenger came, in Wrest once the law to your authority: Loving visitation was with me a young doctor of To do a great right, do a little wrong; Rome, his name is Balthazar: I acquainted him And curb this cruel devil of his will.
with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Por. It must not be; there is no power in Venice Antonio the merchant: we turned o'er many books Can alter a decree established: together: he is furnish'd with my opinion; which, Twill be recorded for a precedent; better'd with his own learning (the greatness And many an error, by the same example, whereof I cannot enough commend,) comes with Will rush into the state: it cannot be." him, at my importunity, to fill up your grace's re- Shy. A Daniel come to judgment! yea, a Daquest in my stead. I beseech you, let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend O estimation; for I never knew so young a body with so old a head. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commendation.
Duke. You hear the learn'd Bellario, what he writes:
And here, I take it, is the doctor come.
Enter Portia, dressed like a doctor of laws. Give me your hand: came you from old Bellario? Por. I did, my lord.
Duke. You are welcome: take your place. Are you acquainted with the difference' That holds this present question in the court?
Por. I am informed thoroughly of the cause. Which is the merchant here, and which the Jew? Duke. Antonio and old Shylock, both stand forth. Por. Is your name Shylock? Shy. Shylock is my name. Por. Of a strange nature is the suit you follow Yet in such rule, that the Venetian law Cannot impugn' you, as you do proceed.- You stand within his danger," do you not?
Ant. Ay, so he says. Por.
Ant. I do.
[To Antonio. Do you confess the bond?
Por. Then must the Jew be merciful. Shy. On what compulsion must I? tell me that. Por. The quality of mercy is not strain'd; It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice bless'd; It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes: 'Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown: His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this scepter'd sway, It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, It is an attribute to God himself;
And earthly power doth then show likest God's, When mercy seasons justice. Therefore, Jew, Though justice be thy plea, consider this,- That, in the course of justice, none of us Should see salvation: we do pray for mercy : And that same prayer doth teach us all to render (2) Reach or control.
wise young judge, how do I honour thee! Por. I pray you, let me look upon the bond. Shy. Here 'tis, most reverend doctor, here it is. Por. Shylock, there's thrice thy money offer'd thee.
Shy. An oath, an oath, I have an oath in heaven: Shall I lay perjury upon my soul? No, not for Venice.
Por. Why, this bond is forfeit ; And lawfully by this the Jew may claim A pound of flesh, to be by him cut off Nearest the merchant's heart:-Be merciful; Take thrice thy money; bid me tear the bond.
Shy. When it is paid according to the tenor.- It doth appear, you are a worthy judge; You know the law, your exposition Hath been most sound: I charge you by the law, Whereof you are a well-deserving pillar, Proceed to judgment: by my soul I swear, There is no power in the tongue of man ; To alter me: I stay here on my bond. Ant. Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment.
Por. Why then, thus it is, You must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shy. O noble judge! O excellent young man! Por. For the intent and purpose of the law Hath full relation to the penalty,
Which here appeareth due upon the bond.
Shy. "Tis very true: O wise and upright judge! How much more elder art thou than thy looks! Por. Therefore, lay bare your bosom.
Shy. Ay, his breast: So says the bond ;-Doth it not, noble judge ?— Nearest his heart, those are the very words. Por. It is so. Are there balance here, to weigh The flesh? Shy.
Por. Have by some surgeon, Shylock, on your
To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death. Shy. Is it so nominated in the bond? Por. It is not so express'd; But what of that? 'Twere good you do so much for charity.
Shy. I cannot find it; 'tis not in the bond. Por. Come, merchant, have you any thing to say? Ant. But little; I am arm'd, and well prepar'd.-- Give me your hand, Bassanio; fare you well! Grieve not that I am fallen to this for you; For herein fortune shows herself more kind
Thou diest, and all thy goods are confiscate. Gra. A second Daniel, a Daniel, Jew!
Than is her custom: it is still her use,
To let the wretched man out-live his wealth, To view with hollow eye, and wrinkled brow, An age of poverty; from which lingering penance Of such a misery doth she cut me off. Commend me to your honourable wife: Tell her the process of Antonio's end,
Say, how I lov'd you, speak me fair in death; And, when the tale is told, bid her be judge, Whether Bassanio had not once a love. Repent not you that you shall lose your friend, And he repents not that he pays your debt; For if the Jew do cut but deep enough, I'll pay it instantly with all my heart.
Bass. Antonio, I am married to a wife, Which is as dear to me as life itself; But life itself, my wife, and all the world, Are not with me esteem'd above thy life: I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all Here to this devil, to deliver you.
Now, infidel, I have thee on the hip.
Por. Why doth the Jew pause? take thy for feiture.
Shy. Give me my principal, and let me go. Bass. I have it ready for thee; here it is. Por. He hath refus'd it in the open court; He shall have merely justice, and his bond. Gra. A Daniel, still say I; a second Daniel!- I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word. Shy. Shall I not have barely my principal? Por. Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture, To be so taken at thy peril, Jew.
Shy. Why then the devil give him good of it! I'll stay no longer question.
The law hath yet another hold on you.
It is enacted in the laws of Venice,
If it be prov'd against an alien,
Por. Your wife would give you little thanks for That by direct, or indirect attempts,
He seek the life of any citizen,
The party, 'gainst the which lie dotn contrive, Shall seize one half his goods; the other half Comes to the privy coffer of the state; And the offender's life lies in tv mercy Of the duke only, 'gainst all other voice. In which predicament, I say thou stand'st: a For it appears by manifest proceeding, That, indirectly, and directly too,
We trifle time: I pray thee pursue sentence. Por. A pound of that same merchant's flesh is thine;
The court awards it, and the law doth give it. Shy. Most rightful judge!
Por. And you must cut this flesh from off his breast;
The law allows it, and the court awards it.
Thou hast contriv'd against the very life Of the defendant; and thou hast incurr'd The danger formerly by me rehears'd. Down, therefore, and beg mercy of the duke.
Gra. Beg, that thou may'st have leave to hang
And yet, thy wealth being forfeit to the state, Thou hast not left the value of a cord;
Therefore, thou must be hang'd at the state's charge. Duke. That thou shalt see the difference of our spirit,
Shy. Most learned judge!-A sentence; come, I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it:
For half thy wealth, it is Antonio's ;
Which humbleness may drive unto a fine.
Por. Tarry a little, there is something else.-The other half comes to the general state, This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood; The words expressly are, a pound of flesh: Take then thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh; But, in the cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the state of Venice.
Gra. O upright judge!-Mark, Jew ;-O learn- ed judge! Shy. Is that the law? Por. Thyself shalt see the act: For, as thou urgest justice, be assur'd, Thou shalt have justice, more than thou desir'st. Gra. O learned judge!-Mark, Jew;-a learned judge!
Shy. I take this offer then ;-pay the bond thrice, And let the Christian go. Bass.
Por. Ay, for the state; not for Antonio. Shy. Nay, take my life and all, pardon not that You take my house, when you do take the prop That doth sustain my house; you take my life, When you do take the means whereby I live.
Por. What mercy can you render him, Antonio? Gra. A halter gratis; nothing else, for God's sake. Ant. So please my lord the duke, and all the court,
To quit the fine for one half of his goods; I am content, so he will let me have The other half in use,-to render it, Upon his death, unto the gentleman That lately stole his daughter:
Two things provided more,―That, for this favour, He presently become a Christian; The other, that he do record a gift, Here in the court, of all he dies possess'd,
The Jew shall have all justice ;-soft!-no haste;-Unto his son Lorenzo, and his daughter. He shall have nothing but the penalty.
Gra. O Jew! an upright judge, a learned judge! Por. Therefore, prepare thee to cut off the flesh. Shed thou no blood; nor cut thou less, nor more, But just a pound of flesh: if thou tak'st more, Or less, than a just pound,-be it but so much As makes it light, or heavy, in the substance, Or the division of the twentieth part
Of one poor scruple; nay, if the scale do turn But in the estimation of a hair, —
Duke. He shall do this; or else I do recant The pardon, that I late pronounced here. Por. Art thou contented, Jew, what dost thou say? Shy. I am content.
Por. Clerk, draw a deed of gift. Shy. I pray you, give me leave to go from hence; I am not well; send the deed after me, And I will sign it.
Get thee gone, but do it.
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