expedition, and passed the winter on Melville Island. On his return from the Arctic Sea, being highly commended for his skill and care in his attendance on the sick, Beverley was promoted to the rank of full surgeon, and in May 1821 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. On his return to England he suffered severely from ophthalmia, but quite unexpectedly, on his recovery from this painful affliction, he was nominated supernumerary surgeon to the flagship on the Barbadoes station. The risk, however, of changing suddenly from an arctic to a tropical climate, while still in weak health, compelled him to decline the appointment, and he was consequently removed from the list of surgeons. În 1827 Beverley served as a volunteer under Sir Edward Parry in the capacity of surgeon and naturalist in the long and perilous journey on the Spitzbergen seas. We do not find any especial record of his labours as a naturalist, but we learn incidentally that he rendered much valuable assistance in the collection and naming of botanical specimens, and was of much service in preparing many of the examples of Arctic zoology which were brought home. After his retirement from the navy Beverley entered into private practice in London. He lived to see his eightieth birthday, shortly after which he died, 16 Sept.

vourite. Harry Beverley, as he was generally called, had more unction than often characterises a low comedian, and was a humorous and a sound, though not a brilliant actor. He died on Sunday, 1 Feb. 1863, at 26 Russell Square, the house of his brother, Mr. William Beverley, the eminent scene painter.

[Theatrical Inquisitor; Era Almanack; Era newspaper, 8 Feb. 1863.] J. K. BEVERLEY, ST. JOHN or (d. 721). [See JOHN.]

He

BEVERLEY, JOHN OF (d. 1414), a Carmelite of great theological fame, doctor and professor of divinity at Oxford, was born at Beverley, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. He became a canon of St. John's Church in that town, and from the few records left of him it appears that in 1367 he gave a chaplain and his successor forty acres of land in North Burton and Raventhorpe, and in 1378 alienated by license certain tenements in Yorkshire for the benefit of a chancery priest and his successors. was trained in the theology of the Carmelite friars; wrote 'Quæstiones in Magistrum Sententiarum' (Master of the Sentences; i.e., Peter Lombard), Lib. iv., and Disputationes Ordinariæ,' Lib. i., and other works of a like nature which exist in manuscript in the Queen's College Library, Oxford; and being a popular preacher, was specially regarded by Oxford men for the soundness of his theology and the variety of his literary studies. No more is told of him in general history than that he flourished about 1390, and he is even confounded with, and his works attributed to, Johannes Beverlay, an Augustinian monk, ordained by Oliver Sutton, bishop of Lincoln, in 1294.

BEVERLEY, HENRY ROXBY (17961863), actor, was the son of an actor named Beverley, at one time of Covent Garden Theatre, and subsequently manager of the house in Tottenham Street, known among other names as the King's Concert Rooms, the Regency, the West London, the Queen's, We think, however, that he is the same and the Prince of Wales's theatre. At person as John of Beverley the Lollard. He this house, then called the Regency, Henry certainly lived in the days of this society of Roxby Beverley first appeared. Full oppor- itinerant preachers, the followers in England tunities of practice were afforded him by his of John Wycliffe, so severely persecuted by father, and he acquired some reputation as a Richard II and Henry IV. In addition to low comedian. In October 1838 he replaced denial of transubstantiation and other imporJohn Reeve at the Adelphi, playing in Novem- tant doctrines of the then existing church, ber Newman Noggs in Nicholas Nickleby the Lollards preached against pilgrimages to He subsequently appeared in 'Oliver Twist,' Canterbury, Walsingham, and Beverley as 'Jack Sheppard,' and other melodramas, and accursed, foolish, and a spending of goods in played the principal characters in 'The Danc-waste.' And John of Beverley seems to have ing Barber and other farces. In September joined 'certain other Oxford men,' and be1839 he took the management of the Victoria Theatre. After relinquishing the post, he played in the country theatres, and was for some time manager of the Sunderland theatre and other houses, principally in the north of England, where he was an established fa

VOL. IV.

come one of the earliest converts to their views. Shortly after Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, the chief favourer of the movement, had escaped from the Tower, the Lollards were taken at their usual assemblyplace in St. Giles's Fields, and tried for

G G

treason against church and state. In defence some of them stated that they were a persecuted flock, and as their worship in a public place was prohibited, they had simply met together in a thicket in Ficket's field (part of St. Giles's Fields) to hear the preaching of John of Beverley the priest. On 12 Jan. 1413-14 sixty-nine of the prisoners were condemned, and next day thirty-seven of them were drawn to St. Giles's Fields and hanged and burned. On 19 Jan. John of Beverley the priest, and shortly after Sir Roger Acton, knight, and others, were drawn and hanged at the same place.

[Bale, Brit. Script. Cat. p. 543; Pits. De Angliæ Script. A.D. 1390; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.; Holinshed's Chronicle; Villiers de S. Etienne, i. 797; Rot. Pat. 40 E. III, Inq. P.M. 51 E. III] J. W.-G. BEVERLEY, JOHN (1743-1827), esquire bedell of Cambridge University, was a native of Norwich, where his father was in the wine trade, and received his education at Christ's College, Cambridge (B.A. 1767, M.A. 1770). He was elected one of the esquire bedells of the university in 1770, and held that appointment until his death. Mr. Gunning, who was one of his colleagues, gives some extraordinary instances of the careless and perfunctory way in which Beverley discharged the duties of his office. Beverley was always in pecuniary difficulties, and in order to extricate himself from them he resorted to a variety of ingenious expedients. For example, he would dispose of musical instruments and choice flowers, of which he had a fine collection, at a very high price, by means of a lottery, and he and his friends used to canvass the members of the university to purchase tickets. He was a great favourite with the Earl of Sandwich, first lord of the admiralty, who appointed him commissioner and comptroller of an office in Greenwich Hospital. He married one of the daughters of Cooper Thornhill, the famous rider from Stilton. In consequence of his long services as esquire bedell he was allowed to have a deputy in 1821. In an undated manuscript note, Cole, the antiquary, says: 'Beverley was extravagant, and his wife improvident and proud; they have six young children; it is said he has others at Norwich. Lord Sandwich about three years ago got him a small place in his office of the admiralty, of about 1001. per annum, he being a good performer on the violin.' His death occurred in London 25 March 1827.

Besides some poll-books of university elections he published: 1. 'An Account of the different Ceremonies observed in the Senate House of the University of Cambridge

throughout the year, together with tables of fees, modes of electing officers, forms of proceeding to degrees, and other articles relating to the customs of the university,' Cambridge, 1788, 8vo. 2. 'The Trial of William Frend in the Vice-Chancellor's Court for writing and publishing a pamphlet entitled "Peace and Union recommended to the Associated Bodies of Republicans and Anti-Republicans," Cambridge [1793], 8vo. 3. 'The Proceedings in the Court of Delegates on the Appeal of William Frend from the ViceChancellor's Court,' Cambridge [1793], 8vo.

[Information from Rev. H. R. Luard, D.D.; MS. Addit. 5864, f. 99; Cambridge Chronicle, 30 March 1827; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816); Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Romilly's Graduati Cantab. 493, 494; Gunning's Reminiscences of Cambridge, i. 144-54; Gent. Mag. li. 532, containing satirical verses on Beverley.] T. C.

LIP (f. 1290), Oxford benefactor, rector of BEVERLEY or INGLEBERD, PHIKayingham, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, is said to have been the most subtle been a member of the society founded by Aristotelian in Oxford.' Having probably William of Durham, now University College, he endowed it with certain lands in 1290, and again in 1319 he further granted to it other lands in Holderness and elsewhere for

the maintenance of two fellows from Bever

ley, Holderness, or the neighbourhood.

[Wood's History and Antiquities of Oxford W. H. (Gutch), 42, 43, 227, 228.]

BEVERLEY, THOMAS OF (A. 1174), hagiographer. [See THOMAS.]

BEVILLE, ROBERT (d. 1824), barristerat-law, was called to the bar at the Inner Temple between 1795 and 1799, and practised on the Norfolk circuit and at the Ely assizes, as well as in London and Middlesex, until 1807, when he seems to have given up practice, as his name does not appear in the Law List' after that year until 1816, when he is described as of the Fen Office, 3 Tanfield Court, Temple. He had obtained in 1812 the post of registrar to the Bedford Level Corporation, which he held until his death in 1824. In 1813 a new edition of Dugdale's History of Imbanking and Drayning of divers Fens and Marshes' was announced in the Gentleman's Magazine' as in preparation by him. It did not, however, appear. Beville married in 1800 Miss Sauter, described as of Chancery Lane. His son Charles survived him. Beville was the author of a small treatise On the Law of Homicide and Larceny,' published in 1799, and terribly lacerated the same year by the 'London

Bewick

453

Bewick until 1883, dying in the old house, now variations and some exceptions, the earlier 19 West Street, Gateshead, where her father, designs of Thomas Bewick are followed. mother, brother, and sisters had died before This book affords an opportunity of comparher. In 1882 Miss Isabella Bewick anti- ing the brothers on similar grounds, and the cipated a bequest, agreed upon with her sister superiority of the elder is incontestable. Next to Gay comes a book which has usually been Jane, and gave to the British Museum a choice collection of water-colours and wood-placed first, the Emblems of Mortality,' cuts by her father, his brother John, and his son, some of which had been exhibited in London in November and December 1880. Since her death her executors have also presented several valuable portraits, drawings, prints, and other Bewick relics to the Newcastle Natural History Society's Museum. [See authorities under THOMAS BEWICK.]

A. D.

published by T. Hodgson in 1789. This is a copy of the famous Icones,' or 'Imagines Mortis,' of Holbein, from the Latin edition Hugo associates issued at Lyons in 1547 by Jean Frellon Soubz l'escu de Cologne.' Thomas Bewick with John in this work; and we have certainly seen an edition which has both names on the title-page. The early writers, however, assign it to John Bewick alone; and this view is confirmed by the folBEWICK, JOHN (1760-1795), wood-lowing extract from a letter of Thomas to engraver, younger brother of Thomas Bewick, John, printed in the Transactions of the was born at Cherryburn in March 1760. Natural History Society of Northumberland,' I am much pleased, says In 1777 he was apprenticed to Bewick and &c., for 1877. Beilby. It has been asserted that, during Thomas Bewick, with the Cuts for Death's You have the time of his apprenticeship, he assisted his Dance. . . . I am surprised that you would brother in the illustrations to 'Gay's Fables,' undertake to do them for 6s. each. In been spending your time and grinding out 1779, and the 'Select Fables,' 1784. Bewick's 'Memoir,' however, where some your eyes to little purpose indeed. I would not have done them for a farthing less than acknowledgment to this effect might reason. I am glad to find you ably have been expected, there is not a word double that sum. upon the subject. As a matter of fact, it is have begun on your own bottom, and I would difficult to understand what material aid the earnestly recommend you to establish your younger brother could have rendered to the character by taking uncommon pains with elder in the Gay's Fables,' seeing that he was what you do.' The quotation seems to indionly in the second year of his apprenticeship cate that John Bewick had set up on his own when it was first published. To the 'Select account in November 1787, the date of the Fables' of 1784 the argument of inexperience letter to which the above is an answer. It does not equally apply; but it may be noted gives some idea besides of the prices paid for that John Bewick's work, for many years sub-wood-engraving both in London and Newsequent to 1784, will not either in draughtsmanship or engraving sustain a comparison with the illustrations in that volume. Moreover, though this is of minor importance, for at least two years previous to its appearance John Bewick had been resident in London.

According to the 'Memoir of Thomas Bewick,' John continued in his apprenticeship for about five years, when his brother gave him his liberty, and he left Newcastle for London. Here he found immediate and active, though not lucrative employment, chiefly on blocks for children's books. Hugo's Catalogue gives us the titles of some of these: The Children's Miscellany,' by Day of Sandford and Merton fame; the 'Honours of the Table, or Rules for Behaviour during Meals;' the History of a School-Boy;' and the New Robinson Crusoe.' The date of the last named is 1788, and many of its cuts are signed. But the first work of real importance attributed to Bewick is an edition of Gay's Fables,' printed in the same year for J. Buckland and others, in which, with minor

castle, which, as may be seen, were on anything but a liberal scale.

Even in these days of Amand-Durand facsimiles the 'Emblems of Mortality' is a praiseworthy memento of those marvellous woodcuts which, as we are now taught to believe, the obscure Hans Lutzelburger engraved after Holbein's designs. In details, John Bewick's copies vary considerably from the originals; and in one instance, that of the 'Creation,' where the earlier illustrator has represented the first person of the Trinity in a papal tiara, his imitator, by editorial desire, has substituted a design of his own. But the spirit of the old cuts is almost always preserved; and considering the hasty and After ill-paid character of the work, its general of books, fidelity to Holbein is remarkable. 'Death's Dance' came a little group chiefly intended for the education of children. Of these it is impossible to give any detailed or exhaustive account, nor is it needful, as they have all a strong family resemblance. The first two, 'Proverbs Exemplified,' 1790, and