Prof. Lee. So that one may feel, grope, | 1. Whilst Moses was not yet gone out of in darkness: not, may be felt: the ellipsis Pharaoh's presence; so God might suggest of being very common in such cases, this to his mind, as he did other things to Gram. art. 219, 220. Micaiah, when he was before Ahab and Rosen. In verbis, explicandis Jehoshaphat, 1 Kings xxii. Or, rather, variant interpretes. Veterum alii red- 2. Before his last coming to Pharaoh; and diderunt: postquam recesserunt tenebræ the words may be rendered thus, Now the noctis, i.e., etiam postquam recessit noctis Lord had said unto Moses. And this is here caligo et sol alias incipit lucescere, tamen added as the reason why Moses spake so ista densissima caligo non desinet. Videlicet boldly to Pharaoh, because God had assured est recedere, ut xiii. 22. Verum id si him of a good issue. He shall surely thrust Moses dicere voluisset, non credibile est you out hence altogether; men, and women, eum post Tomisisse. Alii and children, and cattle, and all that they putant pro scriptum (ut Jes. xiii. 20, et denominativum nominis ,( יַאֲהִיל pro יהל had, which he would never do before. Ged. For the Lord had said to Moses. -Aben וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה Rosen. Verba nox hesterna, quasi significet: et perdurare faciet tenebras hesternas, noctis præteritæ, vel: obscurentur tenebræ, quasi: Esra monet esse in plusquamperf. vertenda : noctescant, i.e., sint densissimæ. Præ- dixerat jam prius, et statim sequi debuisse, ferenda tamen est ea dictionis expositio, quæ vs. 4, leguntur, sed tres hosce versus ex qua illa idem valeat quod ; palpabit, esse interpositos. Putat autem hæc a Jova uti Deut. xxviii. 29. Nam uti verba plura Mosi dicta esse, quum adhuc esset in terra alia mediæ radicalis geminatæ et media Midian, coll. iv. 24. Quod tamen nimis quiescentis communes significatus habent, longe petitum videtur. Recte vero observat, ita et significationem mutuatur a hæc debere legi per parenthesin usque ad Gen. xxvii. 21; Ps. cxv. 7. Quare LXX vs. 4. Quæ autem tribus hisce versibus verba vertunt: ¥ndaþηtòv σkótos, leguntur, postquam a Pharaone discessisset et Hieronymus: tam densæ ut palpari queant. Moses, ipsi dicta a Jova fuisse putanda sunt. Cum dimiserit , כְּשַׁלְהוֹ כָּלָה בָּרֵשׁ יְגָרֶשׁ אֶתְכֶם מִזֶּה Sensus igitur esse videtur, aerein adeo densa caligine, crassisque vaporibus refertum fore, omnino expellendo expellet vos hinc, i.e., non ut palpari possit. Obvertunt quidem alii partem aliquam duntaxat dimittet, retinendo non posse homines in ejusmodi crasso aëre parvulos et pecora, ut antea cupiebat, sed vivere. Verum ejusmodi proverbiales et vos omnes et vestra omnia dimittet (xii. hyperbolicæ loquutiones non sunt ad vivum 31, 32); quin adeo vi quodammodo vos resecandæ. expellet, non dabit, ut moram nectatis amplius (xii. 33). Ver. 24. Au. Ver.-24 And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; Ver. 2, 3. : דַּבֶּר־נָא בְּאָזְנֵי הָעָם וְיִשְׁאֲלוּ אִישׁ only let your focks and your herds be מֵאֵת רֵעֵהוּ וְאִשָּׁה מֵאֵת רְעוּתָהּ כְּלֵי־ .stayed: let your little ones also go with you HN And Pharaoh called unto Moses. 3 וַיִּתֵּן יְהוָה אֶת־חֵן Ged.-And Pharaoh called for Moses and כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זָהָב: הָעָם בְּעֵינֵי מִצְרָיִם גַּם וּ הָאִישׁ מֹשֶׁה .[.Aaron [Sam., LXX, Vulg., and two MSS The Lord. Ged., Booth.-The Lord [Heb., Booth., DE POND ND bia Jehovah] your God [so Sam., LXX, and one MS.]. CHAP. XI. 1. Au. Ver.—And the LoRD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt, afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether. Pool. The Lord said unto Moses; either, 2 λάλησον οὖν κρυφῇ εἰς τὰ ὦτα τοῦ λαοῦ, καὶ αἰτησάτω ἕκαστος παρὰ τοῦ πλησίον σκεύη ἀργυρᾶ καὶ χρυσᾶ καὶ ἱματισμόν. 3 κύριος δὲ ἔδωκε τὴν χάριν τῷ λαῷ αὐτοῦ ἐναντίον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων. καὶ ἔχρησαν αὐτοῖς. θρωπος Μωυσῆς μέγας ἐγενήθη σφόδρα έναντίον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, καὶ ἐναντίον Φαραὼ, καὶ ἐναντίον τῶν θεραπόντων αὐτοῦ. καὶ ὁ ἄν Au. Ver.-2 Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold. 3 And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people. 2 Borrow. Rosen.-Sed ad omnes filios Israelis non exseret canis linguam suam. Proverbiale pro: non lædet neque terrebit eos quicquam. hic exserendi s. agitandi significatione ay, ut sit : non movebit canis linguam Ken., Booth.—Ask. See note on Exod. jumentum, i.e., nec hominem ullum nec iii. 22. Jewels. Ken.-Vessels. Ged.-Utensils. Booth.-Articles. Gold. Ken., Ged., Booth.-Gold and raiment. [So Sam., LXX, and one MS.] , לְמַעַן תַּרְעוּן וגו' .pecudem suo latratu terrebit Ut sciatis, quod discrimen faciet Jova inter Au. Ver.-9 And the LORD said unto And the Lord gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Ken., Ged., and Booth. follow the Sam. Pent., which Ged., Booth.-Now the Lord [Heb., here reads, "And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians," and also inserts four verses [see Kennicott's note below], which Gesenius considers to be an interpolation. Ver. 7. Booth., Jehovah] had said to Moses, Pha- Rosen.-Ut multiplicentur ostenta mea in -quo Pharao permovendus esset, ut Israel לְשֹׁנוֹ לְמֵאִישׁ וְעַד בְּהֵמָה לְמַעַן תִּדְעוּן .itas dimitteret, primogenitorum interfectio אֲשֶׁר יַפְלֶה יְהוָה בֵּין מִצְרַיִם וּבֵין καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ οὐ γρύξει κύων τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ, ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους, ὅπως εἰδῇς ὅσα παραδοξάσει κύριος ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων, καὶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. Au. Ver.-7 But against any of the tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the Lord doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. Recte Mendelii fil. reddidit: Der Ewige Ver. 10. וּמֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן עָשׂוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּפְתִים children of Israel shall not a dog more his פַּרְעֹה וְלֹא־שְׁלַח אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאַרְצוֹ : Gesen. fut. . 1. In two conjugations; in Kal, to point a thing, to sharpen it. In the two following proverbial Μωυσῆς δὲ καὶ ̓Ααρὼν ἐποίησαν πάντα τὰ expressions only: Exod. xi. 7: Κληψη και τη σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ταῦτα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ 10 Εργα 13, αφainst any of the children of ἐναντίον Φαραώ. ἐσκλήρυνε δὲ κύριος τὴν Israel no dog shall point his tongue, no one καρδίαν Φαραώ, καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσεν ἐξαποshall do them any harm ; Josh. x. 21 : γυνή στεῖλαι τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου. none pointed his tongue ,לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאִישׁ אֶת יְשׁנוֹ against any of the children of Israel, i.e., none ventured to hurt them. Judith xi. 12, (19): οὐ γρύξει κύων τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ ἀπέvayri σou, where probably in the Hebrew original the same word stood, for the LXX have also in the above passages γρύζειν. Au. Ver.-10 And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land. Ged. Though Moses and Aaron therefore had done all those signs and [LXX] wonders in the land of Egypt [LXX]; in the presence of Pharaoh; yet the Lord had so hardened Pharaoh's heart that, &c. Booth. And Moses and Aaron did all these signs and [LXX] wonders in the presence of Pharaoh; yet Jehovah suffered the heart of Pharaoh to be hardened, so that, &c. Hardened. See notes on iv. 21. tateuch. I shall now give this important chapter, as I presume it stood originally; distinguishing by italics all such words as are added to, or differ from, our present translation. And before this chapter must be placed the two last verses of the chapter preceding. Exod. x. 28.-And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die. 29 And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well; I will see thy face again no more. EXOD. XI. HEB. and present version. 1 And the Lord said unto plague more upon Pharaoh, SAMAR. AND NEW VERSION. 1 Then Jehovah said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; and afterwards he will send you out you away, he will surely drive you hence altoge hence: when he shall let hence: when he shall send 2 Speak now in the ears bour, and every woman of Ken. Within these five chapters are seven very great differences between the Heb. and Samar. Pentateuchs; relating to the speeches, which denounced seven (out of the ten) judgments on the Egyptians: sc., Waters into blood, frogs, flies, murrain, hail, locusts, and destruction of the firstborn. The Heb. text gives the speeches, concerning these judgments, only once, at each; but the Samar. gives each speech twice. In the Heb. we have the speeches you go, he shall surely concerning the five first, as in command thrust you out hence altofrom God to Moses, without reading that gether. Moses delivered them: and concerning the of the people; and let every two last, as delivered by Moses to Pha-man BORROW of his neighraoh, without reading that God had commanded them. Whereas in the Samar. we find every speech twice: God commands Moses to go and speak thus, or thus, before Pharaoh; Moses goes, and denounces the judgment; Pharaoh disobeys, and the judgment takes place. All this is perfectly regular; and exactly agreeable to the double speeches of Homer, in very ancient times. I have already (Diss. i., p. 383-394) treated this subject at large; and have not the least doubt, but that the Heb. text now wants many words, in each of the seven following places: chap. vii. between verses 18 and 19; end of chap. vii.; chap. viii. between 19 and 20; chap. ix. between 5 and 6; again, between 19 and 20; chap. x. between 2 and 3; and ch. xi. at verses 3, 4. The reader will permit me to refer him (for all the words thus omitted) to my own edition of the Hebrew Bible, where the whole differences are most clearly described. As this is a matter of very extensive consequence, I cannot but observe here, that the present Heb. text of Exod. xi. did formerly, and does still, appear to me to furnish a demonstration against itself; in proof of the double speech being formerly recorded there, as it is now in the Samaritan. And some very learned men have confessed the impossibility of explaining this chapter, without the assistance of the Samar. Pen 3 And THE LORD GAVE the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover, THE MAN MOSES was very great, in the land ther. of the people; and let every man ASK of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment [so also LXX]. 2 Speak now in the ears 3 And I WILL GIVE this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they shall give them what they ask [so Ged., Booth.]. 4 For about midnight I will go forth into the midst of the land of Egypt. 5 And every first-born in the land of Egypt shall die; from the first-born of Pharaoh, who sitteth upon his throne, unto the first-born of the maid-servant that is behind the mill: and even unto the first-born of every beast. 6 And there shall be a great cry through all the land of Egypt; such, as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more. 7 But against [Geddes, Booth., among; Sam.] any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue; against man, or even against beast that thou mayest know, that Jehovah doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. K K 8 And THOU ALSO SHALT be greatly honoured, in the land of Egypt; in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people. 9 THEN Moses said unto Pharaoh ; Thus saith Je HEB. AND PRESENT VERSION. 4 And Moses said: thus SAMAR. AND NEW VERSION. Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 10 But, thou hast refused hovah slayeth thy son, thy 11 And Moses said; thus saith the Lord: About mid- saith Jehovah: About mid night will I go out into the 5 And all the first-born in the land of Egypt shall die, from the first-born of Pharaoh, that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the first-born of the maid-servant that is behind the mill: and all the first-born of beasts. 6 And there shall be a great cry through all the land of Egypt, such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more. 7 But against any of the children of Israel shall not 8 And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, night will I go forth into 12 And every first-born 13 And there shall be a great cry through all the land of Egypt; such, as shall be like it any more. 7 But against any of the or even Pool.-The Lord spake; had spoken [so Booth.] before the three days' darkness, as may appear by comparing ver. 3 and 6 of this chapter with chap. xi. 4. And the mention of it was put off by him till this place, as well that he might not interrupt the history of all the plagues, as that he might give the whole institution of the passover together. Ver. 2. Au. Ver.-2 This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. Pool. The beginning; Heb., the head; which, I conceive, notes not so much the order, which is more plainly mentioned in the following words, as the eminency of it, that it shall be accounted the chief and principal of all months; as the Sabbath hath been called by some the queen of days. Ver. 3. Au. Ver.-Israel. Ged. The children of [Sam., LXX, tween the Egyptians and and fifty MSS.] Israel. Israel. 15 And all these thy servants shall come down to me and bow down themselves to me, saying; Go Ver. 4. הוּא וּשְׁכֵנָוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ בְּמִכְסַת Get the out, and all the forth, thou and all the peo people that follow thee; and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in great anger. 9 And the Lord said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you: that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt. 10 And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before ple that follow and 16 THEN went he forth 17 And Jehovah said unto Moses; Pharaoh doth my wonders may be mul- performed all these wonders Pharaoh and the Lord before Pharaoh ; but Je hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go hovah hardened Pharaoh's out of his land. out of his land. ἐὰν δὲ ὀλιγοστοὶ ὦσιν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι ἱκανοὺς εἰς πρόβατον, συλλήψεται μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ τὸν γείτονα τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ. κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ψυχῶν, ἕκαστος τὸ ἀρκοῦν αὐτῷ συν αριθμήσεται εἰς πρόβατον. Au. Ver. 4 And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb. Pool. Take it; or rather thus, word for word, And, or Then he (the master of that family) shall take also his neighbour next unto his house; he shall take him and his family into society with himself; they shall join together. To the number of the souls, or persons, i.e., as the two families shall consist of more or fewer persons. I suppose the meaning is, that if his next neighbour's family were of itself sufficient for the eating Au. Ver.-1 And the LORD spake unto of the whole lamb, that he should pass over CHAP. XII. 1. that to the next small family, which being its noon-tide point, and lasted till sun-set. Ged., Booth. And if the household be too small for a whole lamb, let him and his neighbour householder take one. According to the number of persons shall ye reckon for the lamb, each one according to his eating. Ver. 6. Then began the second evening, and lasted ,558 .Hieron., par. i, lib. ii., cap. 50, p עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה וְשָׁחֲטוּ אֹתוֹ כָּל inge on Exodus.) Now our three o'clock in קְהַל עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּין הָעַרְבָּיִם : and our learned Dr. Lightfoot, in his glean καὶ ἔσται ὑμῖν διατετηρημένον ἕως τῆς τεσ- the afternoon being the same with the Jews σαρεσκαιδεκάτης τοῦ μηνὸς τούτου, καὶ σφάξουσιν αὐτὸ πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος συναγωγῆς υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ πρὸς ἑσπέραν. Au. Ver.-6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening [Heb., between the two evenings]. ninth hour, it is evident our blessed Saviour Rosen.-6 Agnus vel hoedus e grege selectus sit vobis in custodiam, quisque vestrum sua in domo servet. Et mactabunt eum omnis Pool.-Ye shall keep it up; separate it coetus congregationis Israelis inter duas vesfrom the rest of the flock, and keep it in a peras. Par eas Jarchi et Kimchi totum safe place; the reasons of which, see ver. 3. intelligunt pomeridianum tempus, cum prima The whole assembly; or rather, every as- parte noctis, quasi sol occasu suo duas vessembly, to wit, every such society as meet peras dividat. Sed ex Aben-Esræ sententia together for eating of the lamb. And the duæ vesperæ incipiunt ab occasu solis et in assembly is said to kill it, because one crepusculo desinunt. Ita enim suam de person did it in their name, and by their voce sententiam profert, ac quare appointment; in which manner, and upon which reason, the whole congregation is said to stone a man, Lev. xxiv. 14, 16; Numb. xv. 35; Deut. xxii. 21. It is probable it was killed by the master of the family, who was a priest in his own family, &c. Israel. dualis sit numeri explicat: Et ecce sunt nobis duæ vespera, una est vespera solis, nempe tempus quo sol occidit sub terra; secunda autem vespera est occasus luminis solis, quod apparet in nubibus. Et inter hasce vesperas est circiter hora, et tertia parshore. Eadem et Karæorum est sententia (vid. Triglandi Diatrib. de secta Karæor., p. 182, ed. Wolf.), et Samaritanorum (cf. Relandi Diss. de Samaritanis, in Dissertatt. Miscellann., p. iii., Ged. At twilight, in the evening. § 22), quam et Frisch vollständ. Bibl. AbBp. Patrick. In the Hebrew the words handl. vom. Osterlamme, etc. (Lips. 1758, 8), are (as is noted in the margin of our Bibles), p. 67, et J. D. Michaelis in Supplemm., between the two evenings. The first of which p. 1964, suam fecerunt. began, when the sun began to decline from Ged. The children of [Sam., LXX, Syr., Vulg., Arab., and five MSS.] Israel. In the evening. totum fere pomeridianum tempus esse volunt, |