gical Type. rogress in thought, one proof a general principle to e principle (deductive reafrom the statement of paronclusion from those facts active reasoning, the general he beginning) is applied in easoning the general prinnd) is inferred from the n a deductive paragraph, ing the principle topic usually precede the topic-sentence, v conclusion. (1) Deductive. It is evident from the nature of d of development which it most ofter indicated and illustrated under th Proofs, Application, and Enforce Developing, (f), (g)). For deducti of reasoning, this maxim: Whateve truthfully of a whole class, may be a fully in like manner of everythin that class. To illustrate : [Statement of principle] The general ment in sentences, which we have traced i ing divisions of them, equally determines minor divisions. [Application to particu any complexity the complement to the subj and that to the predicate several others; in greater or less conformity to the law course with these, as with the larger men be from the less specific to the more spec the concrete. - Spencer: Philosophy of S Nihilism, so far as one can find out, exp means, than an end. It is difficult to say ply. So much appears reasonably certain the primary object of the Nihilists is dest the abolition of the existing order, not the is in their view; that, whatever their ulte no they have any ultimate purpose in wh agreed, the one object which now draws spite of all the terrors of arbitrary powe of all existing governments, but of all polit all privileges, all forms of authority; and whatever plans, purposes, or wishes the co individually, may cherish concerning the (2) Inductive. From the nature of induction, it i means of development which it empl those indicated and illustrated under ticulars and Details (see Means of Dev other means of development, repetition, and explanation are used in paragraphs occasion may require. The following i tive order: Sir, whilst we held this happy course, [Part from the Colonies than all the impotent viole could extort from them. We did this abundan has never been once denied; and what reason the Colonies would not have proceeded in su liberally, if you had not stepped in and hindere ing, by interrupting the channel in which their so strong a course; by attempting to take, inste receive? Sir William Temple says, that Hol with ten times the impositions, which it revol than submit to. He says true. [General con poor provider. It knows neither how to ac extract. Burke: American Taxation, p. 158 Is it better to place the adjective before the s stantive before the adjective? Ought we to sa cheval noir; or to say as we do - a black hor which conclusion is to be drawn] Probably m would decide that one order is as good as the o produced by habit, they would ascribe to that t for our own form of expression. They would in the use of the opposite form to have an equ And thus they would conclude that neither of ments is of any worth. There is, however, a for deciding in favour of the English custom. the arrangement immediately on the wh ph-Writing. Inductive. uction, it is evident that the hich it employs most often are rated under the heading, Pareans of Developing, (e)). The t, repetition, contrast, definition, n paragraphs of both orders, as e following illustrate the induc by course, [Particulars] we drew more ve before the substantive, or the sub- of most familiar. The result is that when the check is given to the process of thought. brown horse already present to the imagina and the picture of a black one summoned i picture of a brown horse be yet unforme has to be stopped. Whichever is the case drance results. But if, on the other hand expression used, no such mistake can be m indicating an abstract quality, arouses no prepares the mind for conceiving some obje attention is kept suspended until that objec If, then, by the precedence of the adjective, out liability to error, whereas the preceden to produce a misconception, it follows tha less trouble than the other, and is therefore Philosophy of Style. Examine some of the more formal paragraphs in deductive or inductive. Treat some of the topic-sente Treat some of the same sentences as conclusions to be 2. The Less Formal All paragraphs, whatever their m might be classified either as deducti there would be room for considerable ing under which head many paragr fact that it is extremely difficult to graphs which are undeniably deduct indicates a close relationship betwe thought and their constant intermin a matter of fact, the two progression in thought. The negation of one the other also. In putting into lan cedure the writer may pursue a va may (1) suppress the inductive oper on in his mind while thinking on th tendency in good prose is always to m of thought. Thus in a paragraph whic of most of the deductive features, the be stated first. In a paragraph depr inductive features, the general princip re-stated at the close. In other cases succeed another at rapid intervals t graph. This intermingling of deduction and seen in almost all paragraphs of an mentative character gives a less formal graphs of this kind. For purposes of fore, all expository and argumentative are not exclusively deductive or exclu here brought under the title of 'less fo (1) Paragraphs of Defini A whole paragraph may be devoted ject. Some terms require a careful scope. A term is defined not only by g a history of its changes in meaning, and by giving its applications to various depa In the following quotation, Sir Willia the term Philosophy: There are two questions to be answered: 1s of the name? and 2d, What is the meaning swer to the former question is afforded in a n term philosophy, and in a history of its emplo In regard to the etymological signification of a term of Greek origin. It is a compound of and gopla, wisdom speculative wisdom. wise men; and no term could more appro gance of these pretenders, or afford a happie designation, than that of philosopher (i.e. t at the same time, it is certain that the s φιλόσοφος first appear in the writings of t true, indeed, that the verb piλoσopeîv is fo address by Croesus to Solon; and that, too designate the latter as a man who had trave of acquiring knowledge. It is, therefore, n the time of Socrates, those who devoted of the higher branches of knowledge we philosophers: but it is far more probable th first appropriated the term as a distinctive word philosophy, in consequence of this employed for the complement of all high especially, to denote the science conversan causes of existence. The term philosophy, originally assumed in modesty, soon lost its signification, and returned to the meaning o tilian calls it nomen insolentissimum; Se Epictetus counsels his scholars not to call th and proud is one of the most ordinary epith is now associated. In the following, from George Wi definition and explanation combined: By the words public duty I do not neces although it may include that. I mean s active practical participation in the details upon the part of the most intelligent citize affairs falls under the control of selfish an venal men. I mean that personal attenti incessant, is often wearisome and even repul tics, attendance at meetings, service up trouble, and expense of many kinds, pati chagrins, ridicules, disappointments, defea duties and services which when selfishly |