great courtefies to, than those they have received great civilities from; looking upon this as their difparagement, the other as their glory [B]. There is an entertaining story that has a relation to him mentioned by lord Clarendon, as follows. "Sir Julius Cæfar was then mafter of the rolls, [in "the reign of king Charles I.] and had inherent in his of"fice the indubitable right and difpofition of the fix "clerks places, all which he had for many years, upon any "vacancy, bestowed to fuch perfons, as he thought fit. One "of thofe places was become void, and defigned by "the old man to his fon Robert Cæfar, a lawyer of "a good name, and exceedingly beloved. Wefton earl of "Portland, lord treasurer (as he was vigilant in fuch cases) "had procured the king to fend a meflage to the master "of the rolls, exprefsly forbidding him to dispose of that "fix clerk's place, till his majefty's pleafure fhould be fur-. "ther made known to him. It was the first command of "that kind that had been heard of, and was felt by the "old man very fenfibly. He was indeed very old, and had "outlived moft of his friends; fo that his age was an ob"jection against him; many perfons of quality being dead, "who had, for recompence of fervice, procured the rever"fion of his office. The treasurer found it no hard mat"ter, fo far to terrify him, that (for the king's fervice as was "pretended) he admitted for a fix clerk a perfon recom"mended by him (Mr. Fern a dependant upon him) who "paid fix thousand pounds ready money; which, poor man! " he lived to repent in a jayl. jayl. This work being done, at "the charge of the poor old man, who had been a privy "counsellor from the entrance of king James, had been "chancellor of the exchequer, and ferved in other offices; "the depriving him of his right made a great noife: and "the condition of his fon (his father being not likely to "live to have the difpofal of another office in his power) "who, as was faid before, was generally beloved, and "esteemed, was argument of great compaffion; and was livelily, and fuccefsfully reprefented to the king himself; "who was graciously pleased to promise, that, if the old << man chanced to die before any other of the fix clerks, "that office, when it fhould fall, fhould be conferred on his "fon, whosoever should fucceed him as mafter of the rolls;

•

[B] Sir Julius Cæfar's manufcripts were fold by publick auction in fundry lots at London, in December 1757, for upwards of five hundred

pounds, after being refused by a cheefemonger, as not clean enough for his purpose to serve for waite paper.

" which

"which might well be provided for: and the lord treasurer "obliged himself (to expiate the injury) to procure fome "declaration to that purpose, under his majefty's fign ma"nual; which, however easy to be done, he long forgot, " or neglected. One day, the earl of Tullibardin, who was "nearly allied to mr. Cæfar, and much his friend, being "with the treasurer, paffionately asked him, whether he had "done that bufinefs? To whom he answered with a seeming "trouble, that he had forgotten it, for which he was hear"tily forry; and if he would give him a little note in "writing, for a memorial, he would put it among those "which he would dispatch with the king that afternoon. "The earl prefently writ in a little paper, Remember "Cæfar: and gave it to him; and he put it into that "little pocket, where, he faid, he kept all his memorials "which were firft to be tranfacted. Many days paffed, and "Cæfar never thought of. At length, when he changed "his cloaths, and he who waited on him in his chamber, according to cuftom, brought him all the notes and papers found in thofe he had left off, which he then "commonly perused; when he found this little billet, in "which was only written Remember Cæfar, and which he "had never read before, he was exceedingly confounded, “and knew not what to make or think of it. He fent for "his bofom friends, and after a ferious and melancholic "deliberation, it was agreed, that it was the advertisement "of fome friend, who durft not own the discovery; that "it could fignify nothing, but that there was a confpiracy against his life, by his many and mighty enemies : " and they all knew Cæfar's fate, by contemning or neglecting fuch animadverfions." Therefore they advised him Biogr. Brit. to pretend to be indifpofed, that he might not ftir abroad all that day, and that none might be admitted to him but perfons of undoubted affection: and that at night fome fervants fhould watch with the porter. "Shortly after, the "earl of Tullibardin asking him, whether he had remem"bered Cæfar? the treasurer quickly recollected the ground "of his perturbation, and could not forbear imparting it to "his friends, and fo the whole jeft came to be discovered."

CAGLIARI (PAUL) a moft excellent painter, was born at Verona in the year 1532. Gabriel Cagliari, his father, was a fculptor; and Antonio Badile, his uncle, was his mafter in painting. He was not only esteemed the best of all the Lombard painters, but for his copious and admirable in

B 3

vention,

intres.

vention, for the grandeur and majesty of his compofition, for the beauty and perfection of his draperies, and for his noble ornaments of architecture, ftiled by the Italians Il pittor feFrefnoy, &c. lice, The happy painter. He drew his firft pieces at Mantua, and fome other cities in Italy; but meeting with more employment at Venice, he fettled there; and the best of his works were made, after he returned thither from Rome, and had ftudied the antique. There is fcarce a church in Venice, which has not fome piece or other of his; and De Piles fays, that his picture of the marriage at Cana, in the church of "St. George, is to be diftinguished from his other works, as "being not only the triumph of Paul Veronefc, but almost Vies de Pe- the triumph of painting itfelf," When the fenate fent Grimani, procurator of St, Mark, to be their embaffador at Rome, Paul attended him, but did not ftay long, having left fome pieces at Venice unfinished. Philip II. king of Spain, fent for him to paint the Escurial, and made him great offers; but Paul excufed himself from leaving his own country, where his reputation was fo well established, that most of the princes of Europe ordered their feveral embaffadors, to procure fomething of his hand at any rate. He was a perfon of a noble fpirit, used to go richly drefied, and generally wore a gold chain, which had been prefented to him by the procurators of St. Mark, as a prize he won from feveral artists his competitors. He had a great idea of his profeffion, having been often heard to fay, that it was a gift from heaven; that to judge of it well, a man muft understand abundance of things; and, what gives us the highest opinion of his moral make, that the fovereign quality of a true painter is probity and integrity of manners. He was highly efteemed by all the principal men in his time; and fo much admired by the great mafters, as well his contemporaries, as those who fucceeded him, that Titian himself ufed to fay, he was the ornament of his profeffion. And Guido Reni being asked, which of the mafters his predeceffors he would choose to be, were it in his power, after Raphael and Corregio, named Paul Veronefe; whom he always called his Paolino. He died of a fever at Venice, in the year 1588, and had a tomb. and a statue of brass erected in the church of St. Sebaftian.

Paul left great wealth to his two fons, Gabriel and Charles, who were painters, and lived very happily together. They joined in finifhing feveral pieces left imperfect by their father; and followed his manner fo clofely in other excellent works of their own, that the connoiffeurs do not eafily di

stinguish

1

ftinguish them from those of Paul's hand. Charles had a very fine genius for painting, and at eighteen years of age had done fome rare pieces. 'Tis thought, if he had lived, that he would have exceeded his father; but contracting an impostume in his breaft, by applying too intenfely to his profeffion, he died of it in the year 1596, when he was only twenty fix years old. Gabriel had no great genius for painting; and therefore, after his brother's deceafe, applied himself to merchandize. Yet he did not quite lay afide his pencil, but made a confiderable number of portraits, and fome history-pieces of a very good gufto. He died of the plague in the year 1631, aged 63.

There was alfo Benedict Cagliari, a painter and fculptor, who was Paul's brother, and lived and ftudied with him. He affifted him, and afterwards his fons, in finishing several of their compofitions; but especially in painting architecture, in which he chiefly delighted. His ftile in painting was like his brother's; and not being ambitious enough of fame to keep his productions feparate, they are in a great measure confounded with Paul's. He practiced for the most part in frefco; and fome of his beft pieces are in chiaro-obfcuro. He poffeffed moreover a tolerable stock of learning, was fomething of a poet, and had a peculiar talent in fatyr. He died, aged fixty, in the year 1598.

CAJETAN, a cardinal, was born in the year 1469, at Cajeta, a town in the kingdom of Naples. His proper name was Thomas de Vio; but he took that of Cajetan from the place of his nativity. He was entered of the order of St. Dominic, of which he became an illuftrious ornament; and having taken a doctor's degree, when he was about two and twenty years of age, he taught philofophy and divinity first at Paris, and afterwards at Rome. He went regularly through all the honours of his order, till he was made general of it, which office he exercised for ten years. He defended the authority of the pope, which fuffered greatly at the council of Nice, in a work entitled, Of the power of the pope; and for his zeal upon this occafion, he was made bishop of Cajeta. Then he was raised to the archiepifcopal fee of Palermo; and in the year 1517, made a cardinal by pope Leo X. The year after he was fent a legate into Germany, to quell the commotions, which Luther had raised by the oppofition he had given to Leo's indulgences; but Luther, being under the particular protection of Frederic, elector of Saxony, fet him at defiance; and though, in

Bibl.

obedience to the cardinal's fummons, he repaired to Augfburg, yet he rendered his endeavours of none effect. Cajetan was employed in feveral other negotiations and tranfactions, being not only a man of letters, but having a peculiar turn for business; and at length died, in the year 1534, when he was fixty five years and twenty nine days old.

Sixtus Senenfis tells us, that he was a moft fubtle logician, an admirable philofopher, and an incomparable divine. He wrote commentaries upon Ariftotle's philofophy, and upon Thomas Aquinas's theology. He gave a literal tranflation of all the books of the Old and New Testaments from the originals, excepting Solomon's fong, and the Prophets, which he had begun, but did not live to proceed far in; and the Revelations of St. John, which he defignedly omitted, faying, that to explain them, it was neceflary for a man to be endued, not with parts and learning, but with the Sixtus Sen. fpirit of prophefy. Father Simon's account of him, as a tranflator of the Bible, is critical and hiftorical. "Cardinal "Cajetan, fays he, was very fond of tranflations of the "Bible purely literal; being perfuaded, that the fcripture "could not be tranflated too literally, it being the word of "God, to which it is exprefsly forbid either to add or di"minifh any thing. This cardinal, in his preface to the "Pfalms, largely explains the method he obferved in his "tranflation of that book; and he affirms, that although "he knew nothing of the Hebrew, yet he had tranflated 66 part of the Bible word for word from it. For this pur"pofe he made ufe of two perfons, who understood the lan66 guage well, the one a Jew, the other a Chriftian, whom "he defired to tranflate the Hebrew words exactly accor"ding to the letter and grammar, although their transla"tion might appear to make no fenfe at all. I own, says "he, that my interpreters were often saying to me, this He"brew diction is literally fo, but then the fenfe will not be "clear, unless it be changed fo: to whom I, when I heard all the different fignifications, conftantly replied, never "trouble yourselves about the fenfe, if it does not appear to

du V. T.

you, because it is not your bufinefs to expound, but to cc interpret do you interpret it exactly as it lies, and leave Hift. Crit. to the expofitors the care of making fenfe of it." Cardinal Pallavicini, who looked upon this opinion of Cajetan's as too bold, fays, that Cajetan, "who has fucceeded to the "admiration of the whole world in his other works, got "no reputation by what he did upon the Bible, because he

Liv. ii. c.

20.

"followed