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tude, from which he can banish the evil times whereon we are fallen, but in which he can dream back the great hearts and the glorious epochs of the past. For me-to what cares I am wedded! to what labours I am bound! what instruments I must use! what disguises I must assume! to tricks and artifice I must bow my pride! base are my enemies-uncertain my friends! and verily, in this struggle with blinded and mean men, the soul itself becomes warped and dwarfish. Patient and darkling, the means creep through caves and the soiling mire, to gain at last the light which is the end."

[Next is a chapter entire.]

The Conspirator becomes the Magistrate. At midnight, when the rest of the city seemed hushed in rest, lights were streaming from the windows of the church of St. An gelo. Breaking from its echoing aisles, the long and solemn notes of sacred music stole at frequent intervals upon the air. Rienzi was praying within the church; thirty masses consumed the hours from night till morn, and all the sanction of religion was invoked to consecrate the enterprise of liberty. The sun had long risen, and the crowd had long been assembled before the church door, and in vast streams along every street that led to it,-when the bell of the church tolled out long and merrily; and as it ceased, the voices of the choristers within chanted the following hymn,-in which were somewhat strikingly, though barbarously, blended, the spirit of the classic patriotism with the fervour of religious zeal:

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Sing out, O Vale and Wave!

up

Look from each laurell'd grave,
Bright dust of the deathless brave!
Jubilate!

Pale Vision, what art thou ?-Lo,

From Time's dark deeps,

Like a Wind It sweeps,

Like a Wind, when the tempests blow:

A shadowy form-as a giant ghost

It stands in the midst of the armed host!
The dead man's shroud on Its awful limbs;
And the gloom of its presence the daylight dims:
And the trembling world looks on aghast-
All hail to the SOUL OF THE MIGHTY PAST!
Hail! all hail!

As we speak as we hallow!-It moves, It breathes;
From its clouded crest bud the laurel wreaths-

In fact, I apprehend that if ever the life of Cola di Rienzi shall be written by a hand worthy of the task, it will be shown thata strong, religious feeling was blended with the political enthusiasm of the people, the religious feeling of a premature and crude reformation, the legacy of Arnold of Brescia. It was not, however, one excited against the priests, but favoured by them. The principal conventual orders declared for the Revolution.

+"Exultent in circuito Vestro Montes," &c.-Let the mountains exult around! So begins Rienzi's

letter to the Senate and Roman people; preserved by

Hocsemius,

As a Suu that leaps up from the arms of Night,
The shadow takes shape, and the gloom takes light.
Hail! all hail!

THE SOUL OF THE PAST, again

To its ancient home,

In the hearts of Rome,
Hath come to resume Its reign:
O Fame, with a prophet's voice,
Bid the ends of the Earth rejoice!
Wherever the Proud are Strong,
And Right is oppress'd by Wrong;-
Wherever the day dim-shines
Through the cell where the captive pines ;-
Go forth, with a trumpet's sound!
And tell to the Nations round-

On the Hills which the Heroes trod

In the Shrines of the Saints of God

In the Cæsars' hall, and the Martyr's prison-
That the slumber is broke, and the Sleeper arisen!
That the reign of the Goth and the Vandal is o'er;
And Earth feels the tread of THE ROMAN once more!

As the hymn ended, the gate of the church opened; the crowd gave way on either side, and, preceded by three of the young nobles of the inferior order, bearing standards of allegorical design, depicting the triumph of liberty, justice, and concord, forth issued Rienzi, clad in complete armour, the helmet alone excepted. His face was pale with watching and intense excitement—but stern, grave, and solemnly 'composed; and its exburst of feeling, that those who beheld it pression so repelled any vociferous and vulgar hushed the shout on their lips, and stilled, by a simultaneous cry of reproof, the gratulations Rienzi, moved Raimond, bishop of Orvietto; of the crowd behind. Side by side, with and behind, marching two by two, followed a hundred men-at-arms. In complete silence the procession began its way, until, as it approached the capitol, the awe of the crowd gradually vanished, and thousands upon thousands of voices rent the air with shouts of exultation and joy.

Arrived at the foot of the great staircase, which then made the principal ascent to the square of the capitol, the procession halted; and as the crowd filled up that vast space in front-adorned and hallowed by many of the most majestic columns of the temples of old -Rienzi addressed the populace, whom he had suddenly elevated into a people.

He depicted forcibly the servitude and misery of the people-the utter absence of all law the want even of common security to life and property. He declared that, undaunted by the peril he incurred, he devoted his life to the regeneration of their common country; and he solemuly appealed to the people to assist the enterprise, and at once to sanction and consolidate the revolution by an established code of law and a constitutional assembly. He then ordered the chart and outline of the constitution he proposed to be read by the herald to the multitude.

It created, or rather revived, with new privileges and powers,-a representative assembly of councillors. It proclaimed, as its first law, one that seems simple enough to

our happier times, but hitherto never executed at Rome:-Every wilful homicide, of whatever rank, was to be punished by death. It enacted, that no private noble or citizen should be suffered to maintain fortifications and garrisons in the city, or the country; that the gates and bridges of the state should be under the control of whomsoever should be elected chief magistrate. It forbade all harbour of brigands, mercenaries, and robbers, on penalty of a thousand marks of silver; and it made the barons who possessed the neighbouring territories responsible for the safety of the roads, and the transport of merchandise. It took under the protection of the state the widow and the orphan. It appointed, in each of the quarters of the city, an armed militia, whom the tolling of the bell of the capitol, at any hour, was to assemble to the protection of the state. It ordained, that in each harbour of the coast a vessel should be stationed, for the safeguard of commerce. It decreed the sum of one hundred florins to the heirs of every man who died in the defence of Rome; and it devoted the public revenues to the service and protection of the

state.

Such, moderate at once, and effectual, was the outline of the new constitution; and it may amuse the reader to consider how great must have been the previous disorders of the city, when the common and elementary provisions of civilization and security made the character of the code proposed, and the limit of a popular revolution.

The most rapturous shouts followed this sketch of the new constitution; and, amidst the clamour, up rose the huge form of Cecco del Vecchio. Despite his condition, he was a man of great importance at the present crisis: his zeal and his courage, and perhaps, still more, his brute passion, and stubborn prejudice, had made him popular. The lower order of mechanics looked to him as their head and representative; out then he spake loud and fearlessly-speaking well, because his mind was full of what he had to say.

"Countrymen and citizens!--This new constitution meets with your approbation-so it ought. But what are good laws, if we do not have good men to execute them? Who can execute a law so well as the man who designs it? If you ask me to give you a notion how to make a good shield, and my notion pleases you, would you ask me, or another smith, to make it for you? If you ask another, he may make a good shield, but it would not be the same as that which I should have made, and the description of which contented you. Cola di Rienzi has proposed a code of laws that shall be our shield. Who should see that the shield become what he proposes, but Cola di Rienzi? Romans! I suggest that Cola di Rienzi be entrusted by the people with the authority,

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HORRORS OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE.

By the lowest of the computations, it will appear, that, on an average, each slavetrading transport loses, in the voyage, between six and seven per cent. of the cargo living at the time of embarkation. So that if, instead of reckoning the yearly shipments from the African shore at 100,000 slaves, we take only an average of 50,000 yearly, yet still, more than 3,000 men and women in each year, or the days being taken one with another, from eight to ten living souls, every day of the calendar, are sacrificed to the mammon of the foreign sugar-trade-not by breakers or tempests, but in summer seas, beneath the bright, tropical noon. It is in the putrid hold of the slave-ship, where the mancled wretches lie doubled up, chin to knee, sweltering between decks scarcely three feet high, that death does his regular business, and takes his daily per centage on the cargo. The morning's muster is called,the proportion of mortality for the past night is ascertained,—the useless bodies are tossed over the vessel's side,-and the wear and tear is coolly written off on the adventure. Or perhaps a sail becoming visible gives omen of a search. Then at once the hatches are closed down upon the gasping freight, that no opening for air may, by sound or by stench, betray the human mass below; and, before that crisis of fear and evasion is past, ten, twenty, thirty, of the panting heap have perished by suffocation. Sometimes, however, the number of the negroes is too large, or the frame of the vessel too inartificial, for such effectual concealment from the survey of the English cruiser. In vain the slavedealer crowds all his sail for flight; the rescuing vessel gains upon him, and capture seems inevitable. One only chance remains -to baffle the discovery of its crime by destroying all its proofs. The time grows short, the English lieutenant bears on, and a gun shot in advance almost sweeps the foam-track of the slaver. Fear gets the better of avarice. The negroes, coffined in casks, or laden with a sinking weight of

irons, are swiftly lowered into the sea. One plash, and one shriek, and all is over. A moment's ripple curls where the sunny water has closed over the dying: then the clear, blue deep resumes its calm, and every trace of death and of guilt is gone. Between those decks, so lately reeking with animal dissolution, the fresh wind blows again, and the pursuers, on coming up, find the vessel tenanted but by the seamen of Portugal or Brazil. No matter that her build, her equip ment, all the circumstances, all the incidents of herself, of her ruffian commander, and of his crew, conspire toward the one rank, irresis tible suspicion,—the only legal evidence is stifled with the sufferers, and the miscreant triumphs in impunity.

Are these fictions? things that never could happen; or, if by possibility they could, yet never did? Let the reader consult the Parliamentary documents, and satisfy himself that fact has far outstripped invention. It sometimes happens that the true is too shocking to be the probable. But on this unhappy subject there is nothing too shocking to be true. Nor is it only by suffocation, or the diseases it engenders, that the African on the middle passage, falls a victim to the cupidity of his oppressor. The reports of the captors furnish painful histories of human cargoes, brought up from their layers of infection in the hold, to take the air on deck, who, overcome by despair and torture, both of body and mind, seize that short occasion to embrace their death by leaping into the sea. -Quarterly Review.

The Gatherer.

The French Opera in 1547.-The following is from an old document lately discovered in the archives of Valenciennes :-" At the feast of the Pentecûte, in the year 1547, the principal burgesses of the town performed, in the theatre of the house of the Duke d'Archol, the life, death, and passion of our Saviour, in twenty-five days; on each day appeared strange and marvellous things. The secrets of paradise and hell were truly prodigious, and might have been taken by the people for enchantments. Truth, the angels, and other equally illustrious personages, were seen to descend from above, and would sometimes appear visible, and then disappear all of a sudden in invisible darkness. Lucifer was seen to ascend from hell, no one knew how, on a dragon. Moses' wand, dry and sterile, suddenly produced fruit and flowers. The souls of Herod and Judas were carried up in the air by evil spirits. Evil spirits were driven from the body, and persons affected with dropsy were admirably cured. In one place, the Saviour was seen carried away by a demon, who crawled up a wall forty feet high;

in another place, he became invisible; in another was transfigured to the mountain of Thabor. Water was changed into wine, but so mysteriously, that the spectators could not believe their own eyes, and several of them insisted on tasting it. The five loaves and fishes were multiplied and distributed alike among more than a thousand, but still there were enough left to fill twelve baskets more. The fig tree, cursed by our Saviour, dried up and withered in an instant. The eclipse, earthquake, and other miracles which attended the glorious death of our Saviour, were majestically represented. The concourse of spectators who came from France, Flanders, and all parts, was so great, that although each paid but one farthing, the receipts amounted to four thousand six hundred and eighty livres.-Paris Advertiser.

Brahmin Beauty.-The feet, ankle, and waist, of a fair Brahminee, and indeed of almost all the female natives of India, are perfect symmetry, whilst the hand and the foot are cast in a mould of elegance far superior to that from which, in other countries, these beauties are derived.

W. G. C.

The Cabbage.-A French journal observes that the cabbage is a sovereign remedy for intoxication from wine, and that it has even the power of preventing it; for, we are informed that, by eating a certain quantity of cabbage before dinner, we may drink as much wine as we please, without experiencing any inconvenience. This property of the cabbage is also mentioned by ancient writers, who are of opinion that it proceeds from the antipathy which the vine shows to the cabbage: if a cabbage be planted near a vine, the latter either retires or dies. W. G. C.

In the county of Banff, the first night of the new year, when the wind blows from the west, they call där-na-coille, or the night of the fecundation of the trees; and from this circumstance has been derived the name of the night in the Gaelic language.

Mince Meat in Venice.—Amongst the customs observed on Christmas-eve, the Venetians eat a kind of pottage, which they call torta de lasagne, composed of oil, onions, paste, parsley, pine-nuts, raisins, currants, and candied orange-peel.

VOL. XXVI. OF THE MIRROR, With a Steel-plate Portrait and a Memoir of the Poet WORDSWORTH, Sixty-five Engravings, and upwards of 460 pages, price 5s. 6d. is now publishing.

Part 173, price 8d., and Part 174, price 6d., completing the volume, are also ready; and

The SUPPLEMENTARY NUMBER, with Portrait, Memoir, Title-page, Preface, aud Index, price 2d,

Printed and published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,) London; at 55, Rue Neuve St. Augustin, Paris; CHARLES JUGEL, Francfort; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers.

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HATFIELD HOUSE.

HATFIELD is, in many respects one of the most distinguished mansions of our nobility. It has been a palace, episcopal, regal, and noble, for upwards of seven centuries. It now ranks as one of the most complete specimens of old English domestic architecture, and a pattern of the magnificent style prevalent at the period of its erection. The arrangement of its interior combines splendour with convenience: and its enriched hall, gallery, and suites of apartments remind us of the substantial hospitalities of by-gone ages; the numerous households of its respective possessors, and their styles of living varying with the time.

By a fortunate circumstance, we hope to

be enabled to submit to our readers a com

plete yet condensed description of this interesting pile. Our aid in this pleasant labour

will be the First Part of Mr. Robinson's su

perb New Vitruvius Britannicus; consisting of "The History of Hatfield House: illustrated by Plans, Elevations, and Internal Views of the Apartments, from actual measurement."* This work is produced in a style of completeness, which is alike honourable to the genius, taste, and research of its author; who has handsomely consented to our appropriation of its elaborate contents for the present purpose. The Engravings in the work, whence our illustrations are copied, are by Henry Shaw, Esq.

Hatfield, in the county of Hertford, is an old town, situated on the steep slope of a hill, of which the House occupies the airy summit. It commands views in every direction of an undulated country, equally remarkable for its natural beauty and excessive fertility. The mansion stands in a fine park, which is watered by the river Lea; and the demesne is distant twenty miles northward from the metropolis, six from St. Albans, and seven from Hertford, the county town. Probably, none of our fine, old, country mansions is better known than Hatfield; its elevated situation and peculiar architecture rendering it one of the most striking objects on the Great North Road, from which it is situate

but a short distance.

In the Anglo-Saxon times, Hatfield belonged to the crown; but, before the Norman Conquest, King Edgar granted it to the abbot of Ely and his successors, by one of whom, in the year 1109, Hatfield was retained as an episcopal palace, under the name

By P. F. Robinson, Architect, F. A. S. and F. G. 3., author of a work on Rural Architecture, an Essay on the age of Mickleham Church in Surrey, Designs for Ornamental Villas, Designs for Farm Buildings, Village Architecture, and a Series of Designs for Park Entrances and Gate Lodges. The work is beautifully printed in folio, and is intended to comprehend Plans, Elevations, and Scenic Views of the most distinguished Residences in the United Kingdom. Part 2 contains Hardwicke Hall.

of Bishops Hatfield. We find rare mention of this particular palace; but, that it was extensive may be inferred from the excessive pomp of the bishops of Ely, one of whom, William Longchamp, chancellor of King Richard I., usually travelled with a retinue of 1,500 horsemen.

"It is curious," says Mr. Robinson, "that a portion of the Bishops' Palace should be preserved, an interesting subject for investigation, having been their property and occaMansional residence for nearly 500 years. sions of the same antiquity are very rarely to But the venerable building which now rebe found retaining so much original character. mains at Hatfield formed that part of the palace which was rebuilt by Morton, bishop of Ely, in the reign of Edward IV. ;" and is

of the same period as Eltham Palace; Crosby Place, London; and Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk.

The Bishops' Palace at Hatfield, in its edifice of no inconsiderable magnitude; the original or perfect state, must have been an remains, which are in high preservation, indicate a once splendid mansion: it was entirely of brick, without any intermixture of stone. An ancient plan of the Palace, which is preserved in the library at Hatfield House, shows that the buildings originally surrounded a courtyard; one of the sides of the quadangle only now remains. The openings exhibit what is called the Tudor arch; not only the walls but enrichments are entirely of brick, in which the mouldings are very curiously worked.

In 1538, Henry VIII. granted to Bishop Goodrich, a zealous promoter of the Reformation, certain estates in Cambridgeshire, in exchange for Hatfield; in consequence of which it became one of the royal palaces, and towards the latter end of this reign was appointed to be the residence of Edward, Prince his father's death was brought to him.

of Wales, who was here when the account of

In 1550, Edward VI. granted this palace to his sister, the Princess Elizabeth; and

here, upon the breaking out of Sir Thomas Wyatt's rebellion, in the reign of Queen Mary, Elizabeth was committed to the care of Sir Thomas Pope, having been removed thither from Woodstock. From various

records, it appears that the princess lived; in splendour and affluence at Hatfield; that she

was often admitted to the diversions of the court; and that her situation was by no means a state of oppression and imprisonment, as it has been represented by some historians. Here Elizabeth received the news of her sister's decease, and of her own accession to the throne.

It does not appear that Queen Elizabeth often resided in, or visited, Hatfield during her long reign. The north end of the building, which formed the western front of the old palace, and still remains here, is tradi

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