are entirely of their own manufac- a ftone to the bottom of the vessel. When they have been boiled the due time, the bundle is taken out, and the skins are found reduced into real glue, fo tenacious, that pieces of wood joined together by it, never feparate, provided the precaution has been taken to keep them together by rolling them round with packthread, that the glue may have fufficient time to dry. ture, even those that are adorned with all forts of figures in horn. Their neighbours buy of them little boxes, baskets; and their fnuff boxes, ornamented with different figures, are known and in requeft thro' the whole north; but their mafter pieces are magic drums, which heretofore they commonly ufed, and still use in private, for the purposes of divination. They make horn-fpoons, and every man composes his own almanack, made of little bits of wood or horn, upon which are marked the days, weeks, and months. Nor do they need any affiftance in making their moulds, and melting their pewter-plates. The women are very dextrous in making pewter-wire, with which they adorn the girdles and garments of the men, as well as the harness of the rein-deer; they can drefs all forts of skins, and fhape them into all the different parts of drefs. Their cards and patterns are of their own fabric; and they make ropes of the roots of trees, and a very good even thread of the finews of animals. Finally, they make very ferviceable bows of ftiff fir and pliant birch, which they join together and unite with a glue, prepared in this manner they flea a river fish called perche, and after having dried the fkin, put it to foak in cold water, uutil the fcales can be taken off: then they put four or five of these fkins in the bladder of the rein-deer, or in the bark of a birch-tree, that the water may not wet them in the following operation, but that they may be penetrated by the vapour alone. Thefe fkins being thus wrapped up, are boiled in water for the space of half an hour, or more, care being taken to fink them with From what we have faid of Lapland, and its inhabitants, a judgement may be formed of the trade of that people, which in winter they carry on with the Swedes, and in fummer with the Norwegians. The Swedish merchants repair to the places where the Laplanders affemble for divine fervice, for trying their fuits, or paying their tribute. There they buy rein-deer, fkins of rein-deer, fowls, fish, flesh of reindeer dried in the air, all forts of furs, cheese made of the milk of rein-deer, butter, baskets, buskins, fhoes, gloves; and many other things of the Lapland manufacture. They fell to the Laplanders; tobacco, meal, broad cloth, hemp, kitchentackle of iron and copper, filver fpoons, bracelets, girdles, rings, cups, hatchets, cutlery-ware, oxhides, gunpowder, fufils, lead, pins, brimfione, pewter, wine, beer, figs, feathers, down, and other fuch commodities, a fmall part of which they fell again in their fummer excurfions to the frontiers of Norway; but they do not in this feafon carry on fuch an advantageous trade as in winter; for at that time the skins are not fo good as during the froft; fo that they neither vend many furs nor much dried fiefh, the merchandize of their country being almoft reduced to bark ropes and cheese made of the milk of rein-deer. On› the the contrary, they furnish themselves An account of a fociety called Dun with felt, cows, sheep, fheep-skins, which the richer fort cover with blue or red cloth to ferve them for kards, in Penfylvania, by a gentleman of America. HE Dunkard town, called matraffes, falt, tobacco, and efpeci-Ephrata, is fituated in the ally with aqua-vitæ, which is prohibited in Sweden. While they were accounted forcerers, they got a great deal by felling to failors magic knots, of fuch virtues as to accommodate them with favourable winds, whitherfoever they were bound; but at prefent, the world being better informed on that fubject, they find no buyers, and this fine branch of trade is abfolutely lost. The Laplanders for a long time, traded by way of barter, though now money is current among them; but they receive nothing from the Swedes, who give them that money, but Danish and Dutch crowns, because they cannot carry any other in Norway. It is not very fingular that their neighbours fhould pretty well understand their language, as there is upon the frontiers of Sweden, a neutral language called the language of the burghers; but we ought to affure the reader, that the Lapland language is not fo barbarous as many imagine, and that fome people have written in it. Softer than that of Finland, and more regular than the Swedish, it expreffes things with great precifion. For example, it has fix or feven terms to fignify the different kinds of roads, as many for the mountains, and about four and twenty to diftinguish the rein-deer, according to their sex, age, and properties. The moods of the verbs are more numerous than in any other language, and they have no fewer than thirteen different cafes for their nouns fubftantive. frontier part of Lancaster county, fourteen miles from Lancaster, and lies between two small hills. From the top of each of these there is a regular declivity to the bottom, where a fmall river runs, and by one of its windings encircles about one half of the ground poffeffed by the Dunkards. This river ferves as a kind of natural fence on the one fide; the other is fecured by a ditch, and a large bank planted with trees: the whole tract containing about 250 acres. The road from Lancafter to Ephrata is very good, and the variety of landfcapes that frike the eye, make it agreeable. That part of it next Ephrata, is very folitary, where the inhabitants are thinly fcattered, and the country becoming more hilly, makes the road take feveral windings through the interjacent vallies, which are all well fupplied with rivulets of water, and covered over with trees. Nothing is feen but the works of nature uncorrected by the hand of man. little fociety had its rife upwards of twenty years ago, from a German who fettled in the place where Ephrata now ftands, and was then altogether uncultivated, as well as the adjacent country, for feveral miles round. Ile lived in this folitude fome years, having little or no intercourfe with the reft of mankind, but fupplied by his own induftry whatever neceffaries he wanted. This After fome time the country near him began to be fettled by fome of his own countrymen and his uncommon exemplary piety induced fome of them, whofe principles nearly correfponded with his own, to join him. Their fociety foon increased, numbers of both fexes reforting to them. The females were difpofed of in a nunnery by themfelves, and put under the tuition of a fage matron. Ambition or pecuniary views, had no fhare in their union; and as they gave themfelves up entirely to devotion and industry, their gains were thrown into a common flock, out of which private as well as public exigencies were fupplied. The fituation of their town is judiciously chofen, being on the declivity of a little hill which faces the fouth-eaft, and fcreens them from the piercing north-winds in the winter. The town is built in the form of a triangle, with a large orchard in the middle. Along the outfide are planted thick rows of apple, peach, and cherry-trees, which bear great quantities of fruit. Their houfes are all wood, and for the most part three stories high. Each perfon has his own diftinct apartment, that he may have no interruption in his private devotions. Their rooms are plain, white, and clean. A feparate part of the town is affigned for the women, who have no communication with the men, unlefs in joining at public worship, and what is neceffary in the oeconomy of their affairs. The number of men and women together exceed 250. If any of them chufe to marry, they must leave the fociety, but are fupplied out of the public fund with neceffaries to fettle in fome place, as they generally do, as near the Ephrata as they conveniently can, and afterwards fend their children to be educated among their brethren. They endeavour to retrench every fuperfluity in drefs, diet, and pleasure. Their garb in winter is a long white gown, tied round the waift with a belt. Behind hangs a large cap like a capuchin, which they put on in the time of rain, or cold, for they wear no hats: a waistcoat of the fame cloth, a coarse shirt, trowfers and fhoes. In fummer their cloaths are of the fame form and colour, but made of linen. The women's is the fame with that of the men; only instead of trowfers, they wear petticoats, and always keep their faces muffled up in their large capuchins when out of the nunnery. The men let their beards grow to the full length, and wear their hair fhort. Their diet is for the most part vegetables : they abitain from flefh-meat, not through principle, but judge it most agreeable to the mortified abftemious life a Chriflian ought to lead. It is certain that luxury is unknown among them, which is eafily dif covered on first feeing them, being quite lean in body, and not the leaft appearance of blood in their faces. Their recreations are no other than the alternate performance of religious and domeftic duties, which they endeavour to intermix in fuch a manner, that neither may be burthenfome. They regularly celebrate public worship twice every day, and as often every night. Instead of beds, they fleep on benches, and ufe a little wooden block for a pillow. Each room is furnished with a couple of these. Their prefident is a perfon who had a regular education at Halle in Germany. He took orders, and was a minifter in the Calvinifts commumunion feveral years; but not be ing ing able to fatisfy himself in fome points, he left that fect, and went over to the Dunkards. He is a man of an open, affable temper, and free in converfation beyond what you would expect from a person fo rigid in his manner of life. The following account of their principles I had from him. They retain both facraments, but admit adults only to baptifm, which they adminifter by dipping or plunging. They entire ly deny original fin, as to its effects on Adam's pofterity; and confe quently hold free-will. All violence they esteem unlawful, even felf-defence in times of danger. Going to law they think contrary to the gofpel, even when defrauded, or when their property is unjustly feized. They are strict in obferving the Jewish fabbath, to a degree of fuperftition. They have no fet form of fervice, but pray and preach extempore. Their difcourfes, by all that I could learn, treat in general of Chriftian virtues, humility, chastity, temperance, &c. They believe the dead had the gospel preached to them by our Saviour; and that, fince his refurrection, the fouls of the juft are employed in preaching the gofpel to those who have had no revelation of it in their life, nor fufficient means to be convinced of its truth. They deny the eternity of torments, which they think are myftically alluded to the Jewish fabbath, fabbatical year, and year of jubilee. They look upon each of thefe as typical of certain periods after the general judgment, in which the fouls of thofe who are not then admitted into happiness, are purified and purged from their corruption and obduracy. If any within the fmaller periods are fo far humbled as to acknowledge God to be holy, juft, and good, and Chrift to be their only Saviour, they are received into happiness. Thofe who continue obftinate are ftill kept in torment, till the grand period typified by the jubilee arrives, when univerfal redemption will take place, and all made happy in the endless fruition of the Deity. Harmony and mutual affection reigns furprifingly among them; every perfon is induftrious, and quite contented with the task affigned him. They are remarkably hofpitable to all trangers. If a traveller afk them any thing, they will chearfully give it him; and if it happens to be late in the evening, will afk him to ftay all night, but refuse to accept of any recompence. The nuns are very ingenious in drawing flowers and pieces of writing; efpecially the latter, with which they adorn their churches ; and among thefe are fome curious and finished pieces, done in German text. A character from Sully. WHEN the Duke de Sul ly, in 1603, fet out on an embaffage for the court of England, he was attended by a numerous retinue of the principal gentlemen in France: amongst the reft Mr. Servin prefented his young fon to him; at the fame time, earnefly begging the duke, that he would ufe his best endeavours to make him an honeft man. This requeft gave sully a great curiofity to fearch into his character: and he gives the following ftriking account of him. His genius, fays he, was fo lively, that nothing could efcape his Z4 pene penetration; his apprehenfion was fo quick, that he understood every thing in an inftant; and his memory fo prodigious, that he never forgot any thing. He was mafter of all the branches of philofophy, the mathematics, particularly fortification and defigning. Nay, he was fo thoroughly acquainted with divinity, that he was an excellent preacher, when he pleafed, and could manage the controverfy for, or againft, the proteftant religion, with the greateft ability. He not only understood the Greek, Hebrew, and other learned languages, but all the jargons of the moderns. He entered fo exactly into their pronunciation and accent, to which he joined fuch a perfett imitation of their air and manners, that not only the people of the different nations in Europe, but the feveral provinces of France, would have taken him for a native of the country. He applied his talent to imitate all forts of perfons, which he performed with wonderful dexterity; and was accordingly the best comedian in the world. He was a good poet, an excellent mufician, and fung with equal art and fweetnefs. He faid mafs; for he would do every thing, as well as know every thing. His body was perfectly proportioned to his mind. He was well made, vigorous and agile, formed for all forts of exercises. He rode a horse well, and was admired for dancing, leaping, and wrestling. He was acquainted with all kinds of fports and diverfions, and could practife in most of the ma thematical arts.- · Reverse the medal, fays Sully: he was a liar, falfe, treacherous, cruel, and cow ardly, a fharper, drunkard, and glutton. He was a gamefter, an abandoned debauchee, a blafphemer, and atheift. In a word, was poffeffed of every vice, contrary to nature, to honour, to religion, and fociety; he perfifted in his vices to the laft, and fell a facrifice to his debaucheries, in the flower of his age; he died at the public ftew, holding the glafs in his hand, fwearing, and denying God. Any reflections upon this character would be needlefs, it mult appear fo thoroughly vicious; and the more dangerous from all those extraordinary qualities both of body and mind which accompanied it, even the unhappy father pronounced it fo in a fon; and the Duke de Sully obferves, that he was at once a miracle and moniter. To conclude, it is then evident, that virtue does not confift in the poffeffion of the greateft perfonal or external advantages, but in the right ufe and application of these, from a conftant and pure intention. It is this only this which properly excites the moral fentiment of esteem and approbation; nor can the most fhining abilities, which the human nature is fufceptible of, avert that infamy and contempt, which is the natural portion of vice. "If parts allure thee, think how Bacon fhin'd, |