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his maintenance and that of two other missionaries, whom he was to obtain to share with him the labors of the mission.

"This father, who knew by experience how much good or evil is done among foreigners by the good or bad example of the French out of their own country, judged fit to commence his mission, by laboring for the religious benefit of those French who were collected for purposes of commerce at Saide. The method most proper for succeeding in this was the establishment of a congregation, on the model of those which our society has always taken pains to establish in all our houses, in order to bring persons of different conditions and ages to the practice of the duties

and virtues of their state.

"He proposed this to the most ancient and distinguished of the merchants; assuring them, at the same time, that the erection of a congregation in honor of the Holy Virgin would give them, in this august mother of God, a powerful protectress, who would draw upon them, their families,

and their commerce, abundant benedictions.

"These assurances from a man who had gained their esteem and confidence, produced the effect desired by father Rigordy. They not only consented to this establishment, but they co-operated with the father, in preparing a commodious chapel, and in associating with themselves other French merchants to begin with them the exercises of the congregation.

"The principals were M. Andre (afterward elected Patriarch of the Syrian nation,) Messrs. Stoupans, Audifroy, Lambert, and Piquet. These first Congregationists did infinite honor to the new establishment. All the leisure, which they had from the occupations of commerce, they employed in good works. They took, especially, great care in assisting poor Christians; seeking them out in those obscure places where their poverty lay concealed. God put such honor on their good example, that several other considerable French merchants desired to be admitted into the number of the Congregationists. They were known in the city for their modesty, piety, and charity. Strangers were edified by the sight; and were the first to praise the good effects produced by the establishment.-Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses: Vol. I. pp. 217-219.

FROM SAIDE TO SOUR.

Thursday, Oct. 30, 1823.-We departed for Sour. The scenery, through the chief part of this day's ride, is remarkably simple. On the right hand is the sea; on the left, a low modest line of mountains: the intervening country is quite flat, varying in width generally from a hundred and fifty to three hundred yards; though, nearer Sour, it is occasionally a thousand yards, or even a mile in width. About three hours from Saide is shown, a little way up the contiguous mountains, a small village now called Zarfa, and supposed to be the Zarephath or Sarepta, where the widow dwelt to whom Elisha the prophet was sent: (1 Kings xvii. 9. Luke iv. 26.) The path on which we are riding is a pleasant turf; a very agreeable contrast to the sand and rock, to which we have hitherto been accustomed.

The remarkably simple air of this level tract of land suits with that touching portion of the gospel, which records the interview of our Saviour on this very spot, the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, with the Syro-Phenician woman. This is, indeed, the first place, in which we have had occasion to draw out our New Testaments to trace the course of our Saviour's history.

upon

About half-way between Saide and Sour (Sidon and Tyre) are very extensive ruins of towns, which once connected these two cities: but, of these ruins, there is now scarcely one stone left show, raised even with the soil, the foundations of another. They consist chiefly of lines which houses-many stones irregularly scattered-a few cisterns with half-defaced sculpture on them; and. at a considerable distance from the path, there are at one spot several low columns, either mutilated or considerably sunk in the earth. The animal on which I rode set his foot on a very small piece of Mosaic work, but it was too paltry to deserve the pains of stooping down to pick it up. These relics show, what it needed indeed no such evidence to prove, that, in peaceable and flourishing times, on this road between two such considerable cities as Tyre and Sidon, there must have been many smaller towns, for pleasure, business, and agriculture, delightfully situated by the seaside: but peaceful security has long been a blessing unknown to these regions; and we may apply to them the language of Judges v. 7. "The villages ceased: they ceased in Israel." Hence it is, that, instead of resting pleasantly at shorter intervals on our journey, we are obliged to make stretches of a day's length, that we may reach the different cities by night; a method for us, far preferable to travelling with a tent and arms.

CONVENT OF DEIR MHALLES.

Shortly before we arrived in Sour, we were overtaken by a party of Turks and Christians. One of the Christians was a young priest, from the celebrated convent in the neighborhood, Deir Mhalles. I joined conversation with him. He spoke only Arabic. They have a bishop from The number of Rome, who is a learned man. monks belonging to the convent, is, he says, a hundred and one: but of these, about fifty are distributed in various parts of the country, performing the parochial duty of the different towns. I have already noted that there are three of these at Deir el Kamr. They are all Greek Catholics, or Melchites.

SOUR.

On reaching Sour, we took a room in the Greek Catholic convent, the state of which we were surprised to see; for only the upper rooms were occupied by a few monks, while all the lower rooms round the court-yard were occupied by families. In a schoolroom here, we counted seventy boys; they were, for the most part, learning in the psalter: we sold several Arabic psalters to them, but the price of the New Testament was above their means. The Greek Catholic bishop, formerly here, is dead.

Friday, Oct. 31, 1823.-Early in the morning we walked out, to survey a little the aspect of this once far-famed city. Turning to our right, we came to the western part of it, and found a very large tract totally unoccupied by houses, where animals were grazing. It was skirted to the west by a wall: on looking over this to the sea beneath, we saw the breakers freely dashing over many a column prostrate among the rocks. This was the first memento of Tyrian story which we beheld.

island, ships might not, through the channel afterwards filled up by Alexander, shift from one side to the other of the city, so as to have a secure birth in every state of the wind, and sea; which, at present, they cannot have. It is difficult to perceive in what way, otherwise, the great maritime concerns of this place could, in ancient times, have been maintained.

found their number to be about a hundred. The frequent expression of the prophet-in the midst of the seas-or, as the original has it, in the heart of the seas, (Ezekiel xxvii. 4, 26, 32, and xxviii. 2,)-led me to suspect that buildings might once have existed even on these rocks; but, on going further out, and examining the first of these ledges of rocks, we were quite satisfied that no traces of antiquities are to be seen here. It was not possible, on account of the breakers, to go out to sea and explore the scattered columns, which we had before seen, over the city wall, at the

On leaving this Greek church, we went to the water-side, accompanied by a Christian, an intelligent man, a native of Tyre; who had not dared Going round to the left, we arrived at the ruins to ascend with us the highest part of the ruined of the Greek church noticed by Maundrell; and, stair-case, lest he should incur some penalty from climbing up the broken steps of the winding stair- the Turks. We took a boat for the purpose of case in the turret to the top, we took a full view observing the northern line of rocks; and of exof the city and its neighborhood. We first en- amining what traces of antiquity were to be disdeavored to count the houses; which we estimat- covered, in that which now constitutes the harbor. ed at about two hundred, but most of these con- There is, first, a very small inner cove, fit only for sist of only one or two rooms: they are like huts, the admission of boats or small craft. Out of it rather than houses; and very few had a second we passed into the general harbor, by a narrow story. Interspersed among them are a few small channel. On the eastern or land side of the hargardens. The houses appear to be rather new-bor, is a small ruined tower; surrounded, at its a circumstance which accounts for the apparent foot, by a great number of columns, scattered and discrepancy between this statement and that of thrown in every position: I counted them, and Maundrell. He describes Tyre in his time, as containing "nothing but a mere Babel of broken walls, pillars, vaults, &c.; there being not so much as one entire house left. Its present inhabitants are only a few poor wretches, harboring themselves in the vaults"-all which might very well be the case then, and yet it may have a different appearance now. It may be remarked, also, that the state of the season exceedingly influences our apprehensions of the condition of the poor towns of the Levant: if seen in bright dry weather like the present, their meanness is disguised; if viewed when wet, dirty, and cold, the rain often drip-western side. We consequently returned; and ping through the roofs of the houses-the want of sensible comfort aggravates all the other disgusts of a European traveller. It was in the month of March, A. D. 1696, that Maundrell visited Tyre. The narrow neck of land, eastward, by which the labors of Alexander connected insular Tyre with the main land, appears to be about a mile in width, from north to south: it is covered with sand. No trace appears of the line of the ancient channel. I have heard the wish expressed by a lover of antiquarian research, that he might have the privilege of digging in the sand here, to find helmets, spears, and other warlike memorials of Alexander: whether such an attempt has ever yet been made, I am unacquainted. Looking toward the sea, on the other side of the peninsular city, westward, we see a line of broken ledges of rocks running nearly north and south, as a kind of tangent to the projecting western extremity of Tyre: this line extends on the northern side about a mile, on the southern about a quarter of a mile. The harbor of modern Tyre is formed by the ledges on the north, through the intervals of which there are two or three passages for vessels of small size, as also an open passage to the north; from which quarter the harbor is, however, much exposed. The small space, partially sheltered by the ledges to the south of the city, does not appear to be used by vessels, but it occurred to me, as a point to be ascertained by those who shall hereafter have more leisure to explore the state of the place, whether, when Tyre was an

the boatman, now understanding that we were in search of columns, pointed out, at the bottom of the first-mentioned small cove, a great number of very large size. It is said that the natives of the country have in modern times, collected these columns and sunk them-not at Tyre only, but in other parts of Syria; with the desire of destroying the harbors, and thus impeding the approach of maritime nations to the mountainous and independent country of Lebanon.

From the guide above mentioned, who seemed to know well the state of his native city, we received the following census of the population; one thousand Metawalies, principally soldiers one hundred Turks-one hundred Maronites-of the orthodox Greeks, only four or five: there were more formerly, but during the present troubles, they have removed. The principal body of Christians, he says, are Greek Catholics, but he did not assign their number. His account would lead me to suppose the population to be fourteen or fifteen hundred souls. From the estimate which we made of the number of houses, namely two hundred, each of which, though meanly built, may be computed to hold five persons at least, there should result a population of full one thousand souls. I should rather have given seven to each house, both for the reasons specified in estimating the population of Beirout, and because, as there are next to no villages near to Tyre, this city is the more likely to be densely peopled. The real number may therefore be fourteen hundred.

RUINS OF ANCIENT TYRE.

fore him that slayeth thee, I am God? but thou shalt be a man, and no God, in the hand of him that slayeth thee. Thou shalt die the deaths of the uncircumcised, by the hand of strangers; for I have spoken it, saith the Lord God. Moreover, the word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord God: Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom and perfect in beauty! Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God: every precious stone was thy covering; the sardius, topaz, and the diamond; the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper; the sapphire, the emerald, and the car

At 12 o'clock, we took our departure from this interesting spot, and followed our route southward. But, before we finally leave this topic, it may be expedient to refer, somewhat at large, to the prophecies of Ezekiel and Isaiah, and to point out that this is not the old city, whose antiquity was of ancient days, (Is. xxiii. 7;) and the total destruction of which is foretold by Ezekiel. We were yet to pass over the site of that proud ancient Tyre, situated, as Strabo relates, about eight miles southward of the then insular but now peninsular, Tyre. Not distinguishing between the ancient and pre-buncle, and gold; the workmanship of thy tabrets sent Tyre, and supposing the modern city to be a and of thy pipes was prepared in thee, in the day rebuilding of the old, the mind might be scandaliz- that thou wast created. Thou art the anointed ed by the apparent want of completion of some cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so: part of Ezekiel's prophecy; particularly the follow-thou wast upon the holy mountain of God: thou ing-I will make thee a terror, and thou shalt be hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones no more: though thou be sought for, yet shalt thou of fire: thou wast perfect in thy ways, from the never be found again: (ch. xxvi. 21.) How ex- day that thou wast created, till iniquity was actly this has been accomplished to the very letter found in thee: by the multitude of thy merchanwill, however, appear to every one passing south-dise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, ward, as we did this evening, from modern Tyre toward Acre.

and thou hast sinned. Therefore I will cast thee, as profane, out of the mountain of God; and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire. Thine heart was lifted up, because of thy beauty: thou hast corrupted thy wisdom, by reason of thy brightness: I will cast

that they may behold thee. Thou hast defiled thy sanctuaries, by the multitude of thine iniquities, by the iniquity of thy traffic: therefore will I bring forth a fire from the midst of thee, it shall devour thee; and I will bring thee to ashes upon the earth, in the sight of all them that behold thee. All they that know thee among the people shall be astonished at thee; thou shall be a terror, and never shalt thou be any more.” (Ezek. xxviii. 1-19.)

ANCIENT AND MODERN TYRE.

Somewhere upon this ground, and further on than Ras el Ain, must have been the site of the first Tyre; but not a single vestige of an ancient city appears. We had read, in our social devotions, with the most lively interest, the twenty-thee to the ground: I will lay thee before kings, third chapter of Isaiah, and the twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, and twenty-eighth chapters of Ezekiel; tracing so far as we knew the different countries therein mentioned, and the produce of each-the sources of Tyrian wealth and glory; especially the twenty-seventh chapter. What a minute, and varied, and splendid record of earthly prosperity, concentrated in this vast emporium! But, on this deserted shore, not one sight, not one sound remains, to bear witness to her former joyousness and pride! I have seen the ruins of Athens, and the innumerable memorials of Egyptian glory in Thebes. There, enough survives to lead the mind to expand with wonder, or to sadden with regret: but of antient Tyre, there just remains that utter NOTHING, which seems best suited to prepare the Christian for imbibing the spirit of the prophetic language "The word of the Lord came unto me, saying, Son of man, say unto the prince of Tyrus, Thus saith the Lord God: Because thine heart is lifted up, and thou last said, I am a god, I sit in the seat of God, in the midst of the seas; yet thou art a man, and not God, though thou set thine heart as the heart of God. Behold, thou art wiser than Daniel: there is no secret that they can hide from thee: with thy wisdom and with thine understanding, thou hast gotten thee riches, and hast gotten gold and silver into thy treasures: by thy great wisdom and by thy traffic, hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches; therefore thus saith the Lord God; Because thou hast set thine heart as the heart of God, behold, therefore I will bring strangers upon thee, the terrible of the nations; and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of thy wisdom, and they shall defile thy brightness: they shall bring thee down to the pit, and thou shalt die the death of them that are slain in the midst of the seas. Wilt thou yet say be

The inquisitive reader may see fully discussed, in Reland's Palestine, pp. 1049-1054, the different facts and arguments relative to ancient and modern Tyre. The result of the impression left on my mind, after having seen the spot, is this-that ancient Tyre, which was situated about eight miles to the south of the present peninsular Tyre, having been utterly destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, B. C. 573, the prophecy of Ezekiel, xxvi. 21, may be considered to have had its literal and complete accomplishment. That there might even then be some city in existence upon the peninsular spot now bearing the name of Tyre at that time insular, may be inferred, not solely, perhaps not principally, from the various historical notices and illustrations given by Reland; but, most naturally, from the following simple considerations. It was impossible for Tyre ever to have been a great commercial power, without the harbor which adjoins the island: and it is not likely that this harbor should have been used, and the island not have been built upon. But, admitting that the island was then inhabited, still the insular town was not necessarily to be considered as identical with the old city, but merely an appendage of it. The wealthy men might live in old Tyre, all whose merchants were

princes; but the laboring mariner, and others of humble rank, would fix their dwelling upon insular Tyre, near to the shipping. And it is this class of persons which is described as peculiarly in commotion and activity, on occasion of the success of Nebuchadnezzar's arms against the ancient parent city: "The suburbs-(insular Tyre, and the parts adjacent to it and to the sea-side)-shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots. And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships they shall stand upon the land; and shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and shall cry bitterly and shall cast up dust upon their heads: they shall wallow themselves in the ashes; and they shall make themselves utterly bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of heart and bitter wailing: and, in their wailing, they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, saying, what city is like Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea?" (Ezek. xxvii. 28-32.)

This view of the divisions of this once extensive city may serve also to reconcile the apparent contrariety in the words of Ezekiel and Isaiah.— Ezekiel, having predicted the destruction by Nebuchadnezzar, four times declares this destruction to be final: "Thou shalt be built no more:" chap. xxvi. 14.—“Thou shalt be no more: thou shalt never be found again :" v. 21.-"Thou never shalt be any more:" chap. xxvii. 36.-"Never shalt thou be any more:" chap. xxviii. 19. But Isaiah, having also predicted the same event of the destruction of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar, proceeds to declare that it SHALL BE RESTORED: chap. xxiiii. 15-18. "It shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years," &c.: but -"after the end of seventy years, the Lord will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire," &c. The first part of Isaiah's prophecy, coinciding with that of Ezekiel, was accomplished, as has already been noticed, by the total destruction and razing to the ground of the ancient city by Nebuchadnezzar in the 32d year of his reign, B. C. 573. After full seventy years, B. C. 503, the second part of the prophecy of Isaiah became fulfilled, by the rebuilding of INSULAR not ANCIENT, Tyre, under Darius Hystaspes, in the 19th year of his reign. We must, consequently, understand Isaiah, in his twenty-third chapter, to be speaking of two different cities, bearing successively the same name; the name of the parent city having been transferred to that which seventy years afterward sprung as it were from its ashes. The new city, built upon a contiguous site, was to revive the memory of the first: "Make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be remembered." (Isaiah xxiii. 16.)

under Darius Hystaspes. (Isaiah xxiii. 15.) The commodiousness of this harbor was thus effectually impaired by the founder of Alexandria; and the commercial celebrity of Tyre gradually dwindied away.

There is something peculiarly sharp in the contrast drawn by Pliny; who, while he does homage to the nobility of ancient Tyre, casts the scornful glance of a proud Roman at its vain and sole surviving distinction in his time. "Tyre," he observes, "was formerly illustrious for having given birth to colonies-for being the parent of Leptis, of Attica, and of that rival of the Roman Empire, grasping at the whole earth, Carthage-illustrious for the building of a city beyond the limits of our Roman world, Cadiz: now, all her nobility consists in her shell and purple dye !"

In a far purer and sublimer strain, designed to humble, not to flatter, the evil passions of our nature, the inspired prophet declares the instructive design of this dispensation: THE LORD HATH PURPOSED IT, TO STAIN THE PRIDE OF ALL GLORY!— Surely if there be on the face of the earth at this moment one nation pre-eminent above the rest "in ships, in colonies, in commerce, this is the spot from which the voice of the Judge of nations should be heard by her-warning her not to be lifted up with pride, or debased by luxury and selfishness; but to devote her merchandise as HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD-liberally embarking her wealth and powerful influence in every benevolent and religious enterprise. Gratitude demands it; and this will be her surest protection!

KHAN NAHOURA.

Having passed over the beautiful stream and meadows of Ras el Ain, we entered a more rocky road, and came to the foot of the line of mountains, ending in a promontory, called Capo Blanco, or the White Cliff; which forms a mid-way barrier betwixt Tyre and Acre. After ascending it a little way, we reached, just after sunset, a poor hovel, called Khan Nahoura; the owner of which, having several guests already arrived, made many difficulties about receiving us; a little money, however, changed his heart towards us. Happily, just before our arrival, we were hailed by some fishermen on the water side-men, who probably at this day are unconsciously fulfilling the prophecy of Ezekiel, chap. xxvi. 5, 14.-from whom we bought some excellent fish. With no other preparation than that of putting them whole into the burning embers, they furnished us with a very seasonable and refreshing supper.

FINE VIEW OF MOUNT CARMEL.

Saturday, Oct. 1, 1823.-Very early before sunThe vicissitudes experienced by Tyre, subse- rise, we set off from this poor Khan, designing to quently to the events predicted by Isaiah and reach Acre before noon, which, at the slow rate Ezekiel, are of a very interesting nature. The that we travelled, would not be easy. Contrary extensive line of aqueducts, yet seen here in ruins, to their usual custom the guides were as eager was the work of Alexander. The siege of the now to depart as ourselves: the reason was, that, island by him, and the success of his astonishing as the Pacha dines at noon and retires immeproject to join it to the main land, filling up a diately after to sleep, and no traveller is permitted channel of about half a mile in width, took place to enter the gate of the city till his name and buB. C. 332; that is, 171 years after the latest cir-siness are announced personally to the Pacha, he cumstance noticed in prophecy, and accomplished who should arrive between twelve and three

o'clock incurs the risk of waiting all that time, bev. 17. "Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is the weather, what it may, almost without shelter.* a new creature: old things are passed away: The first hour of our journey we spent nearly behold, all things are become new." The whole in darkness-wanderers, as it seemed to me, service was in Italian. Toward the close of my among the mountains; both guides and animals, sermon, quoting the verses following the text, I however, with intuitive sagacity keeping the dwelt briefly on the importance of the right exertrack. At length the pleasant light covered the cise of the Christian ministry; pointing out, "that, sky; and, not long after, we arrived at the height till the work of preaching is revived, there is no hope which commands the ample plain of Acre. The that these countries will be raised from their present elegant and lofty minaret of the city appeared at degradation and misery, and that this is manifestly a distance of seven or eight miles, directly before the calling and office of the ordained ministers of us: in the back ground, far off, twice as distant the country." as the city, was a noble scene-Mount Carmel dipping its feet in the western sea; and to the east, running considerably inland; entirely locking up from our view the vale of Sharon, which lies to the south of it. In the horizon on the left, the sun was rising over the milder mountain scenery, which lies on the road to Nazareth.

Here, though already three days within the confines of Palestine, I first felt myself on holy ground. We were leaving the glory of Lebanon; and, before us, was the excellency of Carmel. As I descended the mountain and entered on the plain, I was often constrained to give utterance to my feelings, in singing a favorite air, of which the words are Emitte Spiritum tuum-et creabuntur -et renovabis faciem terra! It was the anniversary of my first landing in Malta: eight years have I now been on the Mediterranean mission; and I can truly say, "Hitherto the Lord hath helped me, and preserved my going out and my coming in." Then, I and my family were alone in the Mediterranean: since that time, more than twenty missionaries have entered on the field; of whom the greater part yet continue in it.

ACRE.

After a most pleasant ride, we reached the gate of the city; and, in about a quarter of an hour, our names having been carried to the palace, we were admitted, and took our way to the house of the English Vice Consul, Mr. Mac Michael: who hospitably entertained us four days.

In the evening, after various conversations on our objects and plans, we proposed to perform divine service, the next day, to such as could be brought together. The notice was inevitably short; but it was given out immediately.

Sunday, Nov. 2, 1823.-This morning, in the consul's room, we held divine service, with a congregation of ten souls-as promiscuous an assembly as could well be expected within the compass of so small a number. The individuals who composed it were, a British consul-his dragoman, a native of the country—a Maronite priest-a Roman physician-one Greek-one Jew-an English captain of a merchant vessel then in portmy servant, who is under French protection-an American brother missionary-and myself, of the church of England. Mr. Fisk conducted the prayers; and I afterwards preached from 2 Cor.

*On his return this way, the author, with about thirty others, who gradually collected at the gate, had to wait in this manner nearly three hours, in the rain; a few of the party being miserably sheltered under the arch-way.

This was particularly intended for the ear of the Maronite priest, Don Giuseppe; and it was well taken, I believe, by him: he remained after the service, and conversed very affably. He bears a very respectable character; and has had a superior education to many, having spent several years in early life in study in the college at Rome. He appears now to be nearly fifty years old. He has under his pastoral care all the Maronite houses in Acre; but they are not numerous.

SCENE IN THE KHAN AT ACRE.

Monday, Nov. 3, 1823.-Looking out of our window upon the large open quadrangular court of the Khan, we behold very much such a scene as would illustrate the "Arabian Nights' Entertainments." In the centre, is a spacious fountain, or reservoir-the first care of every builder of great houses or cities in the east. Ön one side, is a row of camels, each tied by the slenderest cord to a long string; to which a small bell is appended, so that by the slightest motion they keep up one another's attention, and the attention also of all the inmates of the khan, that of weary travellers especially, by a constant jingle. On another side, horses and mules are waiting for orders; while asses breaking loose, biting one another, and throwing up their heels, give variety to the scene. Goats, geese, poultry, &c. are on free quarters. In the midst of all these sights and sounds, the groom, the muleteer, the merchant, the pedlar, the passers-by, and the bystanders, most of them wretchedly dressed, though in coats of many colors, all looking like idlers whatever they may have to do, contrive to make themselves audible; generally lifting up their voices to the pitch of high debate, and very often much higher.

Noise, indeed, at all times seems to be the proper element of the people of these countries: their throats are formed for it-their ears are used to it-neither the men nor the females, grown-up persons nor children, the rich nor the poor, seem to have any exclusive privilege in making it—and, what is very annoying to a Frank traveller, the party with whom he is treating, and who wishes most probably to impose on him, will turn round to make an appeal to all the by-standers, who are no less ready with one voice to strike in with their opinion on all matters that come before

them.

the departure of the wives of the governor of The bustle has been increased this morning, by Jaffa. They set off in two coaches, of a curious construction, common in this country: the body of the coach was raised on two parallel poles;

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