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Coimbatore, 498

Colombo, 478

Cork, 145

Coventry, 777, 857

Darwen, 256

Hanley, 618, 877
Hartlepool, 256, 717, 797,
8:6, 876
Haslingden, 97
Horfield, 18

London (continued)- Openshaw, 836
617, 658, 717, 723, 738, Ossett, 357, 858
758, 777, 798, 817, 836, Paisley, 317
857, 858, 877, 897, 937, endleton, $77, 618

1018, 1023, 1032

Hull, 857

Londonderry, 637

Hyderabad, 758

Luton, 38, 418

Idle, 58

Madras, 357

Maidstone, 438

Derby, 58, 298, 456, 518, Ipswich, 397
537, 617, 738, 797
Doncaster, 877
Dublin, 17, 38, 58, 78,
137, 177, 217, 316, 357,
478, 537, 678, 738, 897,
977

Eccles, 797

Edinburgh, 177, 278, 618,
678, 816, 836
Exeter, 597, 737
Falkirk, 876, 997
Forfar, 817
Georgetown, 497
Glasgow, 257, 418, 678,
718, 877, 876, 957
Glossop, 617
Gloucester, 2781
Guildford, 217, 396
Halifax, 797

Handsworth, 396

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Penrith, 637
Perth, 38
Plymouth, 618, 737
Port Sunlight, 78
Reading, 337

Stockton-on-Tees, 777
Stratford-on-Avon, 1023
Stonehaven, 337, 876
Sunderland, 58, 78, 117,
137, 145, 217, 256, 277,
317, 357, 397, 836, 857,
Thorne, 97
Tipperary, 397
Tonbridge, 456, 778

Manchester, 17, 257, 378, Redditch, 317, 357, 537, Toronto, 797

397, 578, 817
Middlesbrough, 438, 578,
698, 798
Motherwell, 18, 378
Netherfield, 378
256, New Barnet, 817
517, Newburgh-on-Tay, 278
897, Newcastle, 877

Rockhampton (Queens- Treharris, 836

1876

678, 817

Totnes, 558

land), 418

Trinidad, 177

Rowley Regis, 397

Tunbridge Wells, 778

Salford, 17, 78, 256, 397, Twynyrodyn, 497
497, 777, 817, 857, 876, Wallasey, 298
9.7.997

Keighley, 58
Kingston (Ireland), 797
Ledbury, 876
Leeds, 18, 197, 396, 418,
597, 617, 777, 797, 836,
1017
Leicester, 18, 58,
318, 378, 418, 456,
598, 797, 798, 857,
Scarborough, 337, 97
1017
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 277, Sheffield, 418, 678
Lewes, 558
338, 6 8, 678, 757, 917, Sherborne, 858
Liverpool, 18, 298, 317, North Shields, 7 [1o17 Shrewsbury, 758, 957
318, 397, 497, 537, 678, Northwich, 338
Sligo, 397, 537
798, 836, 857, 897, 917 Norwood, '45
Smethwick,
Llanrwst, 758
Nottingham, 178,
1018
London, 17, 18, 38, 78, 277, 357, 777
Southampton, 456,
117, 137, 138, 157, 197, Oakengates, 518
858, 957, 1018
217, 256, 277, 278, 298, Oldham, 38, 137, 145, Southport, 338
316, 338, 357, 396, 417, 217, 257, 577, 737, 797, Stafford, 78
497, 498, 517, 518, 597, 836, 877
Stockport, 97

257,

456,

Wallsend, 256

Walthamstow, 78, 145,
257.456, 937

Wath-on-Dearne, 757
Weston-super-Mare,

1017

758 Wigan, 97, 337
Williton, 4 8

698, Winchester, 877
Windsor, 438

Wolverhampton, 17, 237,
798, 836
Ystradgynlais, 397

Learner's Style.

Dove and the ant, the, 989
Enchanted wood, 809, 829, 849, 869,
889. 909, 929, 949, 969
Graduated reading exercises, 789,
809, 829, 849, 869, 889, 909, 929,
949, 969, 989, r009, 1025
Invisible prince, the, 529 549, 569,
589, 609 629, 649, 669, 689, 709
Mineral world, the,

Copper, 429, 449, 469
Gold 309, 329, 349, 369

Iron, 469. 489, 509

Silver, 389, 409, 429

Shorthand reading practice, 9, 29,

49, 69, 89, 109, 129, 149, 169, 189,
209, 229, 249, 269. 289, 309, 329,
349,

Tales of animated nature-

Camel, the, 9, 29, 49

Fox, the, 69, 89, 109, 129

Gorilla, the, 149, 169, 189, 209,
229, 249, 269, 89

Three brothers, the, 729, 749, 769,
789

Corresponding Style.

Alton Locke's first visit to the
country (C. Kingsley), 651, 670,
690

Candid man, the (Bulwer Lytton),

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SHORTHAND.

Early rising, 930.950
Exercise (The Spectator), 631, 650
First night at sea, a (R. H. Dana),
550

Gentleman beggar, the, 792, 810,
830, 850

How to grow rich (The Spectator),
130

Litt e great men (O. Goldsmith), 970
Mountain of miseries, the (The

Spectator), 291, 310

Mountains (William and Mary
Howitt), 150, 170

Niagara (C. Dickens), 630

North American Indians (Sir F. B.
Head), 870, 890

Parliamentary sketch, a (C.

Dickens), 470, 490, 510

Poor relation's story, the (C.
Dickens). 330, 350, 369, 390
Proverbs (R. C. Trench), 450
Purloined letter, the (E. A. Poe),
10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110
Schoolboy's story, the (C Dickens),
731, 750, 770, 789

Shipwreck, the (Jane Porter), 230,

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at University College
School, 153, 172, 192
Commercial letters, 15, 35, 55, 75, .

95, 115, 135, 155, 175, 195, 215, 235,

275, 315, 355, 395, 435, 475, 515,
555, 595, 635, 675, 715, 755, 795,
835, 875, 915, 955.995
Dickens, celebration at Bath, 432,
452, 472

Dean Stanley on, 474, 492,
512
Greatness in common life (W. E
Channing), 992

Halsbury Lord in Yorkshire, 253,

272

Hearing and mis-hearin (T. A.
Reed), 672, 692

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PITMAN'S PHONETIC JOURNAL.

A YEAR'S PROGRESS.

(ROM the fact that for the first time in its long history the annual volume of the Journal just completed extended beyond one thousand pages, we are reminded that a year has elapsed since it was permanently enlarged. To how considerable an extent the improvement has been appreciated, is conclusively demonstrated by the additional fact that last year witnessed an increase of thirty-three per cent. in our circulation. This gratifying result will be a stimulus to further effort for improvement on lines so highly successful, and we have every confidence that in 1903 the Journal will have a circle of readers far larger than we had ever anticipated.

The wants of our greatly increased constituency will naturally demand our most serious care, in order that the Journal may in the future fully meet their requirements in the direction of information and guidance. While features which have proved acceptable will be continued with such improvements as seem desirable, we shall make whatever new departures may be found necessary to keep the Journal abreast of the march of Commercial Education-of which it aspires to be the organ and the auxiliary. The term Commercial Education is, however, hardly comprehensive enough to describe the full scope of our future program. It will be observed, for example, that we begin this week a new departure, designed primarily for the benefit of Civil Service aspirants, but likely to prove helpful to many already within the ranks of His Majesty's Civil Service. A new series on the lines of "Elementary Law" is commenced, and will be continued weekly. A reference to page 4 will show the great value of this series to the increasing number of clerical workers in solici tors' offices who are among our regular readers. The popular features in Book-keeping, Typewriting, and Modern Languages will be continued, with adaptations to meet special requirements. In the Answers to Correspondents, which have become such a strikingly successful feature, it will continue to be our aim to fur

nish the best obtainable guidance of general interest to our various classes of readers.

While placing in the forefront those newer develop. ments which have enabled the Journal to appeal so successfully to a far wider circle than it has ever done hitherto, it must not be supposed that Shorthand has been neglected. No other periodical in existence furnishes from week to week such a valuable budget of matter of interest to every class of shorthand writer, whether student, teacher, or professional practitioner. It is our aim to make the Journal an impartial record of the proceedings at all shorthand gatherings, and it is gratifying to find to how great an extent its assistance is appreciated by teachers and societies everywhere. Our pages last year bore testimony to the fact that phonographic activity was well sustained in every direc. tion; we may safely affirm that in all departments of shorthand work prospects are brighter than they were twelve months ago. Now that the outlook, so far as it is affected by Parliamentary enactments, has become more settled, we may look forward with entire confidence to an increased amount of shorthand instruction in the near future.

A few words, finally, on shorthand literature. The Twentieth Century "Instructor" maintains its position as the most widely appreciated modern instruction book in the Pitmanic system. The serial issue of "Pitman's Shorthand Dictionary" (Twentieth Century Edition) has met with a remarkable success, and when issued in complete volume form will be found to be the largest edition yet published of Sir Isaac Pitman's well-known work, containing, as it does, a total of sixty-one thousand words. A new feature will be found at the end of the "Dictionary," in the shape of complete alphabetical lists of the Grammalogues and Contracted Words of the system, with their respective employment in the three styles of Phonography specially indicated. We have in preparation for early publication a new work entitled "Pitman's Shorthand Teacher's Hand-book," furnishing guidance on every point relating to modern shorthand teaching and the official regulations that affect it, which will prove an indispensable vade mecum for every teacher.

With the present issue of the Journal a Sheet Almanac for 1903-4 is presented to every subscriber.

Private secretaries will be interested in noticing that the services of one of their number have lately received handsome recognition. Dr Parker in his will bequeaths £5,000 to his secretary, Miss Fairbrass.

From the contract recently laid on the table of the House of Commons, it seems that the Parliamentary Debates are now being produced by Messrs Wyman and Sons at £220 per volume. Some years ago £500 per volume was paid for the same work.

Our customary "Typewriter Retrospect for 1902" will appear in our next issue.

The Figaro and Irish Gentlewoman has recently devoted a good many "Entre Nous" paragraphs to typewriting. The writer expresses a preference for the Williams typewriter, and affirms that he has encountered it in almost every part of the world in which he has travelled. He first saw it in the United States, then found it in military use in India; in Mombassa and Assouan the small Williams was in evidence, and in Dublin Field Marshal Lord Roberts had the Williams on his table. "This machine," his lordship said, "is in the matter of writing what the Maxim gun is in fighting." Later on a newspaper friend of the writer's, who was riding into Bloemfontein during the late war, was found to have thrown away all superfluous baggage except his Williams typewriter.

Mr Arthur Beardwell, examiner in Shorthand and Typewriting to the Union of Lancashire and Cheshire Institutes, has been appointed by the Examinations Board of the National Union of Teachers examiner in all stages of their Commercial | INCORPORATED PHONOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.

Examinations in Shorthand.

The Right Hon. H. H. Asquith, in presenting the prizes gained by the students of the City of London College on 15th Dec., observed that what was wanted was a broad basis of sound commercial education which would go towards ensuring commercial prosperity. This would include Spanish, German, French, and Italian, and not only the languages but also the commercial customs of these countries.

Among interesting items in Business Life for January is a communication from Mr Chamberlain with reference to recent imaginative press statements about the right hon. gentleman and his speech on shorthand. In "Is Handwriting Played Out?" the opinions are given of a number of representative business men on the subject, who are unanimous in emphasizing the importance of good handwriting to those who would qualify for commercial positions.

Mr Henry F. Dickens, K.C., has informed an interviewer that Charles Dickens invariably made a shorthand copy of his manuscripts, and also of important letters and communications. This interesting fact is, we believe, made known for the first time in the Tit-Bits article on " How Dickens wrote his Christmas Stories" (or rather " Books"). It was, of course, already known that the great novelist sometimes did this, because there are copies of letters in the Forster collection at South Kensington written by Dickens in Gurney's system which, so far as they have been transcribed, appear to be chiefly business communications to his publishers. There is also a quotation from a letter from Dickens in Forster's 'Life," in which the novelist says, when committing the First Quarter" of "The Chimes" to the mail :—“ I have kept a copy in shorthand in case of accidents."

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Through the kindness of M. R. Havette, of Paris, we have received a copy of a facsimile he has just issued of a work of very remarkable stenographic interest, namely, the first shorthand system ever brought out in France. This consists of the little book of thirty pages containing the shorthand treatise of the Abbé Jacques Cossard, published in Paris in 1651, with the title, "Méthode pour escrire aussi vite qu'on parle," etc. It is a curious fact that while in the case of the first English shorthand author only a single copy is known to exist of his work, so only one copy remains of the learned Abbé's book, and this is preserved in the National Library at Paris. The facsimile is reproduced with great care and accuracy, and is prefaced by an able introduction by M. Havette. Except that he was an ingenious and learned author, nothing is known of the Abbé Cossard. His system provides signs for twenty-two out of the twenty-five letters of the French alphabet, and shows no trace whatever of the influence of the English systems that preceded it, which, indeed, it in no way resembles.

COUNCIL MEETING.

A Council meeting of the Incorporated Phonographic Society was held at St Bride's Institute, Bride lane, London, E.C., on 13th Dec. The members present were Mr Catley (in the chair), Miss Bone, Miss Brown, Miss Fergusson, Messrs Abbey, Brooks (Brighton), Colebourn, Gill, Green, Holmes, Lambert, and Sharpe. Officers, Messrs Cope, Roney (solicitor), and Harris (Gen. Sec.) Election of Fellows.-The Council elected the undermentioned as Fellows of the Society :

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Byers Hubert, 1 Railway crossing, Middlesbrough.
Lord Edgar C., 34 Eldroth road, Savile Park, Halifax.
Stonehouse Richard, 40 Austin street, Nechells, Birmingham.

Typists' Section.-The proposed rules and scheme of examinations, etc., for the new section were approved by the Council. South African District.-The proposed rules of this new District were submitted to the Council.

Financial.-Several accounts were passed for payment. Correspondence.-The General Secretary was instructed to reply to a number of miscellaneous items on the agenda.

LONDON.

At the weekly meeting of the London Phonetic S.W.A. held on Thursday, 11th Dec., at the Arcadian, Queen street, E.C., Mr Bailey Williams gave an extremely able and interesting lecture entitled "Something about Dickens." Mr G. Leslie Bannerman, barrister-at-law (formerly of the Times Parliamentary staff), occupied the chair. The lecture was followed by a succession of interesting speeches by the Chairman, and Messrs E. A. Cope, C. B. Boitel-Gill, and Stevens.

The last meeting of the year was held on 18th Dec., when the usual quarterly examination for speed certificates took place. There was a fair attendance of candidates.

Next Thursday, 8th Jan., Mr E. A. Cope, President of the Association, will give an address entitled "The Mind in Shorthand Work." All phonographers interested are cordially invited to attend.

LONDON (T.S.).

The usual monthly meeting of the Teachers' Section was held at the St Bride's Institute, Ludgate Circus, E.C., on Saturday, 13th Dec., Mr E A. Cope in the chair.

The following elections to membership in the District were announced:

Fellows-Messrs W. Yarnold (Leicester), E. Gauntlett (Japan), R. J. Garwood (Kingston-on-Thames), and Miss B. Laurie (Johnston, N.B.).

Members-Messrs W. H. Benjafield and A. Culley.

A letter was read from Miss Johns, who was announced to lecture on "Matthew Arnold," regretting her inability to be present. Mr G. W. Lambert gave a short sketch of the life and career of Matthew Arnold, adding some personal reminiscences of the critic and poet in his capacity of inspector of schools. Wm. Crouch contributed further recollections of Arnold, and an interesting discussion followed.

Mr

At the next meeting, which will be held on 24th Jan., Mr Allen Reed, the announced lecturer, being absent in India, Mr J. W. Poole will give a lantern lecture entitled "Shorthand and the Typewriter." In the evening the annual soirée will be held.

OUR PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR ROBERT A ABABRELTON, F.R.C.I. Mr Ababrelton, who is now resident at Pietermaritzburg in Natal, is a phonographer of many years' standing. He began to learn the system in the year 1864. He took it up because although he was then a rapid writer of longhand, he found it absolutely necessary to have some quicker method of taking notes of lectures, or of copying memoranda. He learnt without a teacher, and as soon as he was sufficiently advanced, practised with his new acquirement on every available occasion. Thinking he could improve on the system, he invented a shorthand of

his own which he termed "Sonoscript." He also tried Melville Bell's system, which he came across in the pages of the first edition of Cassell's "Popular Educator." In 1866, however, he returned to Phonography, which he has written ever since, adopting the successive improvements that were introduced into the system in subsequent years. He got into correspondence with the Inventor, thanks to whose assistance some of the difficulties felt in his early days were cleared away. He took an active part in the discussion of improvements, and had the satisfaction more than once of seeing his suggestions incorporated in the text-books.

Later he became an articled pupil of Mr Frederick Pitman, primarily with the object of increasing his reporting capacity, so as to be able to undertake newspaper press work. As a fact, he never became a journalist, but of the training that he reIceived at the hands of the brother of the Inventor of Phonography, he says that

energy he soon enlisted the support and assistance of a handful of fellow phonographers, and in December of that year he had the satisfaction of seeing the Phonetic S.W.A. founded. That Society, after some vicissitudes in its early years, became a powerful body. It is now more flourishing than ever, although more than thirty years have elapsed since it was started. It is now the London District of the General Section of the I.P.S. At the inaugural meeting Mr Ababrelton was voted into the chair, and he was subsequently chosen as the first President of the Association. He has retained his membership ever since, and is, in fact, a Life Member.

For some years after leaving Mr Frederick Pitman, he was in business on his own account as a shorthand

writer and reporter, and was at the same time studying law, having an idea that he would one day enter the legal profession. Ultimately that idea was abandoned in favour of the calling of an architect. In that profession he was engaged for about ten years, followed by another spell of business on his own account as a shorthand writer, and seven years' experience as a Parliamentary private secretary.

The last four years of his life have been spent in South Africa, where his experiences have been varied to a degree-sometimes exciting, and not always of the pleasantest. When he first left this country for Natal he did not anticipate that his absence would extend over more than a few months. But circumstances proved too strong for him. He went out in connection with mineral and landed properties in the Transvaal and in Natal. He was living in Pretoria when the war broke out, and although he had been semi-officially assured that if that eventuality should happen, the only persons who would be compelled to leave the city would be criminals and the lower classes, he found himself suddenly summoned to take an oath of allegiance to the South African Republic (the government of the Transvaal), and on declining to do so, was unceremoniously expelled. The whole story of his expulsion, with its attendant circumstances of broken promises and inconsiderate treatment accorded towards a man then suffering from illness, was told in the pages of the Natal Mercury. Considerations of space prevent us from repeating the details.

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(From a photo by Alfred Ellis and Walery, London.)

it has been of the greatest bene fit to him through life. He had impressed upon him in particular the absolute necessity for exactitude and accuracy in everything that he undertook; and those who have the pleasure of an intimate acquaintance with Mr Ababrelton know how thoroughly the lesson was learnt.

Mr Ababrelton has always been a man of ready suggestion and initiative, and many of his projects have been realized with a degree of success that has proved highly gratifying to their originator. One of these is especially worthy of mention. In the year 1872 Mr Ababrelton conceived the idea of forming in the metropolis an association of phonographers for purposes mutually beneficial to themselves. With his customary

Early in 1900 Mr Ababrelton endeavoured to obtain sanction for the formation of a corps of Imperial Engineer Volunteers, who were badly wanted at the

beginning of the war; the Natal Mercury secured the names of between 200 and 300 suitable men; but the idea was not favourably entertained by the military authorities, and had to be abandoned. Mr Ababrelton's military instincts have not been altogether baffled, although he was not among the active combatants during the recent campaign. He is now the officer in command of the Royal Engineer Volunteers in the Royal Natal Regiment.

He is at the present time secretary to the Lands Commission of Natal, which was appointed by the Gov. ernor in 1900. In addition, he recently took charge of the work of the Durban Harbour Inquiry—a task that proved to be exceptionally heavy.

Notwithstanding the official demands upon his time -which have been severe in all Government departments in South Africa during late years-he has found time to organize an active South African Branch of the I.P.S., and a district society attached to that body. One interesting feature in connection with this movement is that it has been instrumental in discovering among men holding important public positions in South Africa quite a number of able phonographers of old standing.

Mr Ababrelton is a member of many societies. We cannot pretend to enumerate them all. Among them may be mentioned the Royal Colonial Institute, the British Economic Association, the Romilly Society, and the South African Society for the Advancement of Science. He is an enthusiastic freemason, and has held some important and responsible offices in the fraternity. He writes a beautiful style of Phonography, and writes it at a very high speed.

LEGAL TERMS, PHRASES, AND
ABBREVIATIONS

FOR TYPISTS, AND SHORTHAND AND OTHER
JUNIOR CLERKS.

BY THE AUTHOR OF "ELEMENTARY LAW FOR
SHORTHAND CLERKS AND TYPISTS."

INTRODUCTION.

This series of articles is intended to be supplementary to those that have already appeared in the pages of this Journal, under the title of "Elementary Law for Shorthand Clerks and Typists." The appreciation with which those articles have been greeted by the class of readers for whom they were chiefly designed-namely, phonographers engaged as shorthand clerks and typists in the offices of solicitorsinduces the hope that the additional information that will be embodied in the present series may prove equally useful. The chief and primary object in view is that of enabling junior clerks in legal offices to gain an intelligible grasp of the meaning of the terms that they are called upon to employ every day in the correspondence and other matter dictated to them. Knowledge of that kind will help them to get through their work better than they possibly could without it; it will save them from falling into the blunders to which ignorance is always liable; and it will assist them to understand how the business of the office is proceeding, what is the real nature of the steps that are being taken, and the object with which they are being so taken. This means that the clerk who assimilates the information given will become an intel

ligent worker instead of merely a mechanical reproducer of words, and it means further that he will be able to qualify himself to take advantage of those opportunities for promotion which offer from time to time.

The plan adopted in these articles with regard to the explanation and illustration of legal terms will be substantially the same as that pursued in " Elementary Law." The "term" will be explained, its origin and derivation being given wherever information of that character seems likely to throw light upon the present meaning of the word, and its use in actual practice will be illustrated, specimen forms being added wherever that course appears desirable, to elucidate the meaning or to make clearer the kind of document intended to be indicated by the term itself. The explanations given will be expressed in plain, simple language, and the illustrations will be preferably of the type that the shorthand writer and typist is most likely to come across in his ordinary work. Explanations and illustrations already given in Elementary Law" will not be repeated in the present series of articles.

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It must not be imagined that the information here given is exhaustive, or that it can be used as a sufficient substitute for the reading needful to enable a man to become a lawyer. Many of the subjects to which a single chapter or even a single section of a chapter will be allotted have, when considered fully, and in all their bearings upon the complicated commercial transactions of the present day, furnished material for bulky treatises. But it is not necessary for the shorthand clerk or the typist to plunge into the deepest depths of every branch of an elaborate jurisprudence. It is necessary for him if he would perform his duties intelligibly and with satisfaction to himself and his employer, that he should know the meaning of the words that he is required to write. In most legal offices he will find a more or less abundant supply of text-books and books of precedents relating to special branches of law and special branches of legal practice, and these he will be able to consult, and he may be recommended to consult them whenever he desires further or fuller enlightenment on any point dealt with in these pages.

A strongly-marked tendency among the legal profession in England during the last fifty or sixty years has been to reduce steadily the number of merely technical expressions in use. Alike in the practice of conveyancing, and in the procedure incidental to litigation a multitude of cumbrous and expensive methods were swept away, and a multitude of not less expensive documents were rendered unnecessary by the legislation of the second half of the Nineteenth century; and with the disappearance of these things the names for them became obsolete. Sometimes, and particularly in relation to old estates with ancient titles, and to old Chancery suits in which the proceedings have not yet reached the final stage of all, certain obsolete phraseology will occur. The junior clerk will, perchance, find himself unexpectedly called upon to take down something concerning a fine that in some remote day in the past barred somebody's entail; or, perhaps, in a letter dictated to him there will be a reference to a common recovery, or to a feoffment. Or he will suddenly hear for the first time of a Bill of Complaint, a document with which, in former days, Chancery proceedings were usually commenced. But the instances in which these expressions occur in actual work to-day are very rare and are becoming rarer every day. It is safe to say that the majority of living shorthand writers and typists have never had occasion to em

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