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Wanted, pictorial post cards, from all parts of the world, photos, views; prompt replies. 8971, Corpl. Nolan, Barracks, Bury, Lancs. [49] Pictorial post card correspondence desired. Shorthand preferred. Views. W. Parker, 3 Marlborough st., Gainsborough.

Associations 1d. per line of ten words.

Phonetic Shorthand Writers' Association (London District I.P.S.), The Arcadian Restaurant, 8 Queen st., Cheapside.-The principal Shorthand Association in the kingdom. Meetings held every Thursday evening from 7 to 10. Regular speed practice conducted at various rates by experienced phonographers. Lectures by well-known shorthand writers; discussions, etc. Speed examinations held periodically. Centre for Society of Arts shorthand examination and for Pitman's medal competitions. (Members sit at these examinations and at the I.P.S. Teachers' Exam. at reduced fees.) Shorthand library and other advantages. Fees, including speed practice, 10s 6d per annum, or 38 per quarter. All phonographers (ladies or gentlemen) are eligible for membership. Prospectus, with full particulars, on application to Secretary, H. J. Cork, 2 Reedholm road, Stoke Newington, London, N.

[2] Liverpool. The Shorthand Writers' Association meets at Y.M.C.A., Mount Pleasant, on Monday and Friday evenings. Speed practice and debates. New members welcome. Fee, 2s 6d for session. Mr D. Beeby, 108 Blantyre rd., Liverpool.

Evercirculators and Libraries. 1d. per line of ten words.

An evercirculator is a manuscript phonographic magazine, consisting of articles written by the individual members, one member acting as conductor. The book passes round, and each round members contribute an article and remarks, or take part in the discussion. A leaflet containing further particulars forwarded from the Phonetic Institute, Bath, on receipt of id stamp. [x] Evercirculator paper in three varieties, of superior quality, five quires Is 6d; headings and title-pages, 3d per doz. ; covers, cloth is, leather is 6d. Samples for id. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. [x] To Solicitors' Clerks.-Few junior members wanted for legal evercirculator (elementary section). Articles and discussions on points of law and practice. Stamp for particulars. E. Eccleston, 39 Belle vue, Shrews

bury.

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The Victorious Evercirculator. Wanted, a phonographer who will undertake conductorship and devote his energies to maintaining this evercirculator in its present flourishing condition. Address either the Rev. J. Thomas,* 15 Morton crescent, Exmouth, or Mr F. C. Veryard,* 56 Tredegar rd., Bow, London, E. [46)

Those wishing to improve their speed in shorthand should join the Kelvingrove Shorthand Circulating Library. Circulating all the best magazines, Australian, etc., only is. 3d. quarterly. All particulars, David Cook, 157 Kent rd., Glasgow, W. [50] Rambler Library circulates all shorthand papers, subscription is 3d per quarter, or 4s 6d per year. Gripton's School, High st., West Bromwich. [4]

Reading practice. The best library is the Telegraph, established eleven years, circulating all the magazines; quarterly subscription, is 3d; always vacancies. The 20th Century Commercial Library, over 200 books available for use of members. Shorthand, typewriting, French, German, Spanish, and commercial books, together with copies of all English and American shorthand magazines. Subscription one penny per week. Splendid opportunity of studying large selection of works at small cost. Full particulars of either library for penny stamp. Lady and gentlemen members throughout the kingdom. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [1]) Second-hand Books, Shorthand or Phonetic, for Sale, or Exchange, or Wanted, 1d. per line of ten words; Miscellaneous Books, 3d. per line. Lightning Business Phraseograms, by Oliver McEwan, published at 3s 6d; few copies for sale, is 6d each rost-free any part of the world. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. (50) Reading practice for the forthcoming examinations, etc. 6s worth shorthand magazines in new condition, all different, post-free is 6d, sent any part of the world for money order for 2s; splendid and unequalled value. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E.

[49]

For sale, copies of Oliver McEwan's Verbatim Reporting, post-free Is Id. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [49]

Do you require shorthand books or magazines? Write to J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E., with penny stamp for full hst. Thousands of books and magazines for sale. [49] Bargain, assell's New Popular Educator, 32 parts, 16s, for 10s postfree. J. Lindley, Calmlands, Meltham, Huddersfield. 146] Wanted, half-plate or quarter-plate Camera in exchange for shorthand literature, all kinds. Geo. Birt whistle, 7 Gainsborough rd., Liverpool, For sale, Reporters' Journal for 1902 (unbound); clean and in good condition. What cash offers? Roberts, 17 Edith rd.. Liverpool. Shorthand reading. What offers for 11 vols. Reporters' Journal, 1891 to 1901; and 6 vols. Phonographer, vols. I to 6? All cloth bound and in excellent condition. R. W. Bainbridge, 13 Larkhall square, Stockton-onTees.

[46] For sale, Phonetic Journal, vols. 10 to 23, bound; vo's. 24 to 40, monthly parts, all equal new. Best offer for lot or separate. Room wanted. Tate, Kendal st., Carlisle. [47] For sale, Phonetic Journal, 1885-6-7, and 1892-4-5; also, Shorthand Weekly, vols. 13. 14, 15, 16, all unbound, clean, good condition. 1od per vol., post-free. H. C. Marshall, 105 Fawnbrake avenue, Herne hill, London, S.E.

Long list of Civil Service, shorthand, and other books for sale, cheap; please state wants. J. Whittle, 102 Waterloo rd., Ashton-on-Ribble, Preston.

Wanted, fountain pen (second-hand); buy or exchange for books. J Whittle. 102 Waterloo rd., Ashton-on-Ribble, Preston. Wanted, cheap, bound vols. Phonetic Journal, from 1895, and Reporting Dictation, with Key. Whealen, 3 Dorothy st., Broughton, Manchester. For sale, Commercial Law of England (unbound); Shorthand Dictionary, seventh edition, roan, nearly new; Shorthand Dictionary, 20th Century edition (unbound); Reporters' Assistant, fifth edition. What offers? Barber, 15 Upgate, Louth, Lincs.

Wanted, Shorthand Dictionary; must be in clean condition; 20th Century preferred. Sampson, Knocktopher, Kilkenny, Ireland. [47] 80 French and German books for sale, cheap. Several commercial books wanted. Send lists to Patey, 5 Ashbourr e grove, Chiswick, London. For sale, second-hand, Premier Self-Instructor, including all necessary books and directions as to course of study for sanitary inspectors' examinations. Accept 28s. W. Samuel, Bryn Herbert, Ćwmilynfell, Lower Cwmtwrch.

For sale, over 60 copies of Pitman's Shorthand Weekly, complete from Nov., 1900, to Jan, 1902, containing full serial by Max Pemberton, The Impregnable City. post-free 3s; also 100 copies of Phonetic Journal, from Oct., 'or to Oct., 03; one missing; post-free 4s, or halved at 2s 3d. Address T. Stockdale, 47 Wesley terr., Borogate, Otley, Yorks.

What offers? Teacher and Manual, eleventh edition, 1863; vols. 22 and 23 Reporters' Magazines, is 8d each; vol. 23 P.S. W., is 3d. Shorthand, literary, and scientific books. List free. Address J. Moores, jun., 129 Cleggs lane, Little Hulton, nr. Bolton,

Wanted, 20th Century Reporter. Sampson, 221a Kilburn lane, London. Wanted, Shorthand Dictionary, published about 1879 to 1881, cheap. Middleton, School House, Loddon, Norfolk. [46]

What offers? Modern Cyclopedia, 8 vols.; excellent and perfect condition. For sale, Parker's pen, slightly used, 5s. James, 9 High st., Maesteg. Wanted, Shorthand Dictionary, Twentieth Century. Illingworth, 72 Brookroyd, Birstall. Leeds. Bargains.

Post-free. Phonographic Journal, vol. 3. 1844; Phonographic Correspondent. 1845. 4s; Reed's Reporter's Handbook, is; Pitman's Teacher's Handbook, is; Reed's Fonografic Reporter, 1850 to 1863, 14 vols., cloth, 25s; ditto, 1850 to 1854, 5 vols., 10s; Reed's Phonographic Reporter, 1860-1861, 4s; Fonographic Star, 1848, Correspondent, 1848, 4s; Reporters' Magazine, vol. 1, 1853, 2s; Fonografik Korespondent, 1871, 2s; Phonographic Examiner, vol. 1, 1853, 2s; Řeporters' Magazine, bound, vols. 5, 13, 16, 2s each; Nob'e, Dot and Dash Shorthand, 3d; The Pentateuch, shorthand, is 6d; Phonotypic Journal, vols, 3, 4, 5, 6, bound, Is 6d each; Phonetic Journal, bound, 1876, '77, '78, '79. '81, 84, 85, 86, '87, '90, 2s each; Teacher, 1d; Reporter. is; Phrase Book, 6d; Progressive Studies, 6d; Reader, zd; Esop's Fables, 2d; Extracts, 1, 2, 3, 6d; Selections 2 and 3. 4d; Easy Reading, 2d; Reading Lessons, 3d; Pitman's History of Shorthand, is; Sloan-Duployan Instructor, 6d. Tate, Kendal st., Carlisle. [47]

Wanted, Mosher's Improved Gregg Shorthand, also other American, not Pitmanic systems.-Yank, 37 Pullen's bdgs.. Penton pl., London, S.E. For sale, what offers? Municipal Accounts by Allcock; Incorporated Accountants' Students' Society of London Lectures; Forms of Account Books by Johnston; Elementary Book-keeping by Day; Pitman's Bookkeeping Simplified and Key; do., Advanced and Key; Jones's English Systems of Book-keeping; Exemplification of Local Board Accounts by Lloyd Roberts; Bank Book-keeping and Accounts by Meelboom. Williams, 22 Segontium terrace, Carnarvon.

Miscellaneous. Reporter, is id; Manual, 9d; Teacher's Handbook, IS; British Orations, is 5d; 14 ct. fountain pen, 3s 6d; Complete vols. Reporters' Magazine, Reporters' Journal, 2s 2d; Phonographic Dictionary, 2s 10d. Halmshaw, 13 Harvey rd., Hornsey.

Surplus unused pictorial post cards, 4d dozen; coloured English coasts (2d), actresses (2d), clearance; 94d dozen assorted. Halmshaw,* North st, Heckmondwike.

Assorted penny pictorials-bargains-64d dozen; coloured twopenny views, also actresses' photos (2d); iod dozen. Halmshaw, 13 Harvey rd., Hornsey.

For sale, new, post-free, Pitman's Book-keeping Simplified, is 9d; ditto Answers, 6d; also Pitman's French Commercial Correspondence, Is 9d; ditto Commercial Corespondence and Commercial English (key to above), is 9d; Pitman's French Business Interviews, gd. B. Warren, 4 St Helen's rd., Hastings.

For sale, cheap, Pitman's Shorthand Weeklies, Jan. 21, 1899, to Sept. 22, 1900 (four missing); also July 2 to Sept. 17, 1898; Phonetic Journals, twenty, all different, 1897; Phonographers, June, 1901, to Dec.. 1902 (two missing); Phonographic Teacher, Reporter's Reader, Two Trips to India, clean. What offers? Miss F. Sharp, 40 Burns rd., Harlesden, London, N.W.

TO SHORTHAND Learners.-Students commencing the study o Pitman's Shorthand are recommended to obtain the "Phonographic Teacher," 6d.; Key," 6d. ; and "Progressive Studies," 1.; or "Pitman's Shorthand Instructor," 3. 6d. These Books can be obtained of 11 Books llers, or from the Publishers. Students desiring a teacher may be put in communication with one on sending a penny stamp to Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., Pbonetic Institute, Bath.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.-This Journal may be ordered through any Bookseller, Newsagent. or Railway Bookstall, or by post direct from the Publishers. The terms to all parts of the world are is. 8d. per quarter; 35. 3d. per half year; or 6s. 6d. per year, payable in advance. Subscriptions may commence with any number. Monthly parts, 5d., post-free 7d.; terms of subscription same as above,

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Whatever opinion may be entertained as to the prospects of an artificial language, it is impossible not to recognise that Esperanto, the ingenious invention of Dr Zamenhof, is being disseminated with ardour by groups of enthusiastic disciples belonging to widely different nations and speaking widely different tongues. For some centuries past the feasibility of constructing a universal language has engaged the thoughts of philosophers, idealists, and men of keen commercial instincts. Philanthropists have seen in such a project a hope that the barriers between nation and nation would be one day broken down, and have indulged eagerly in the vision of a time when all men, speaking the same tongue, would realize that they are members of one family, and the dreams of perpetual peace and harmony would come true.

And a multitude of clever schemes have been formu. lated from time to time. Some have found a few votaries, a few have found many; but interest in them has not endured. Esperanto differs from most of these inventions in several respects. In the first place, it is not put forward as a language that is to supersede existing tongues. The deep attachment that nearly all men feel for their mother tongue is a fact of supreme significance, a fact that only the superficial will deride, and that no wise man will ignore. Esperanto claims a more modest place it is frankly and definitely urged as suitable for acceptance and adoption as an auxiliary language, a language that may be used as a medium of international communication. Its object is avowedly to provide a

complete system of symbols, each one of which will convey the same meaning to persons who speak and write the most diverse languages, just as the Arabic numerals convey the same meaning to them all. Its construction is simple. From about eleven hundred root-words, practically all of which are already known to every European of ordinarily good education, the whole language is built up. Its grammatical rules are few, and they are systematic. There are absolutely no exceptions. Every letter used is sounded, and it has always precisely the same sound. The language is purely and completely phonetic, and can be represented in Phonography without the least difficulty. Every noun ends in o, every adjective in a, every adverb in e, and every verb in its infinitive form in i. To give one instance. From the root-stem esper we get espero hope, espera hopeful, espere hopefully, esperi to hope. Every word referring to hope is built up from this one root. And the same plan is applied rigorously throughout.

That such a language, exempt from all the difficulties that one encounters in the effort to master a foreign tongue, and possessing a vocabulary that is obviously easy to acquire, should prove intensely fascinating to many minds is not surprising. Classes, we are told, are already in existence in several centres in London, and groups of ardent Esperantists have been formed in various towns in the United Kingdom. On the con. tinent its adoption was earlier in date than here, and has been far more rapid and far more extensive. What its future may be he would be a daring man who should predict. Volapuk, too, had its bands of zealous propagators; for a time it was disseminated widely; its disciples, animated by a strong missionary spirit, were sanguine of attaining a great and universal success. But to-day the votaries of Volapuk have dwindled in number, and their "language" is hardly ever heard of. Whether "Esperanto" will share the same fate remains to be seen. To make its way permanently in the world it will need to gain the adhesion of men of business in all civilized nations. A good international commercial language would be a boon.

Mr George Walpole has left London on another visit to the West Indies. He is required to swear to the accuracy of the notes taken by him of the proceedings before the Royal Commission which sat in May last to inquire into the Trinidad riots.

The first number of the Esperantist, edited by Mr H. Bolingbroke Mudie, and published by the Esperanto Club, 41 Outer Temple, London, W.C., monthly price 4d.—of which brief notice was given last week-is in every way an excellent organ of the new international language. Its contents comprise interesting articles designed to spread Esperanto and to unite English Esperantists, and the larger portion is printed in parallel columns giving the Esperanto and the ordinary English side by side. It thus serves the useful purpose of an Esperanto reader, while to increase its value from a propagandist point of view, each number of the periodical will contain a synopsis of the gram...ar of Esperanto.

A class for the study of Esperanto is being organized in connection with the London Phonetic S.W.A. The class will be conducted by Mr J. C. O'Connor, B.A. A further announcement will be made on the subject when the arrangements for the class have been completed.

Mr J. C. O'Connor, who has taken up so ardently the propagation in this country of Esperanto, is an old phonographer, and was able to make his lecture before the London Phonetic S.W.A., reported in another column, more instructive and interesting than it would otherwise have been, by illustrating various points in his address with phonographic outlines on the blackboard. He considers it one of the great merits of Esperanto that it is entirely phonetic.

In the Phonographic Record for November, Mr R. M. Connolly, a surgeon in the Federated Malay States, contributes a fatal case of pernicious malaria with an account of the post-mortem appearances. This article contains an unusual number of technical terms, and illustrates well the remarkable pliability of Phonography in dealing with them. The Society's Secretary, Dr Fletcher Beach, concludes his "Notes of a visit to Spain" with a vivid account of what he saw at Cordova, Seville, Grenada, and Barcelona.

The sixty-fourth annual report of the Union of Lancashire and Cheshire Institutes contains the customary full and comprehensive information concerning the important educational work promoted by this flourishing organization. Although the great changes effected by the Education Act of 1902 led to some reduction in the number of separate institutions in association with the Union, it is satisfactory to note that the examination statistics show a record throughout, and that there has been no falling off in the unbroken advance of previous years. From the statements made with regard to commercial examinations, it would appear that the results testify to successful teaching in most subjects. The report includes the Syllabus for 1904 and the Examination Papers for 1903. It well deserves the attentive study of all interested in commercial education, and it may be added that it is issued at the nominal price of 3d., by post 6d.

TYPEWRITING NOTES.

The last number of the Writing Machine News includes a good portrait of Mr S. F. Cody, the plucky American who recently almost succeeded in crossing the Channel in a kite-propelled boat. Mr Cody is a strong supporter of the Yost typewriter.

The last issue of the Oliver Magazine contains an excellent budget of reading matter of interest to shorthand writers and typists. A good paper on copyholders is full of practical hints. "Shorthand Clerks from a Principal's Point of View" should be carefully considered by all aspirants for these positions, while those who intend to sit for examinations as typists cannot do better than read the article "Regarding Examinations."

Miss Marie Corelli, whose speech on the utility of the typewriter to authors is reported in the present issue, has for a long time past had a Remington typewriter in her house for the production of the original draft of her works. She states, however, that she does not herself use the typewriter. This supports the statement made in these columns some time since to the effect that the typewriter is rarely used by writers for original work.

The chance that the typewriter companies could successfully oppose the charge made by the railway companies for typewriters when accompanying a passenger is supported by the fact that the Great Western Railway Company have recently failed in an action brought by them against a passenger from Paddington to Wales, who claimed that a sewing

machine carried by him was personal luggage, the Company claiming that it was not, and that they were entitled to make a charge therefor. The passenger won the day. If a sewing machine is ruled to be personal luggage, surely a typewriter is at least as personal.

The Smith Premier Typewriter Company, which has now its additional factories running at Syracuse, reports some striking figures in connection with its Employment Bureau. During the two summer months of July and August this year the weekly earnings of stenographers and typists placed in situations in the United States by the Company's Bureau amounted to $30,889; and their total yearly income would be $1,606,245. In this connection it is interesting to note that the advantage of the Employment Register is made world wide, for the same Company has an International Register, by which a person on the register who desires to proceed to another country obtains from the Company's Office on the spot an introduction to the Branch Office in the country or city to which the candidate is going, and he or she is in this way helped to a position on arrival.

The Montreal Daily Herald recently gave a long description of a record claimed to have been made in typewriting:

Ninety-three and a half words a minute with unfamiliar matter, and 160 words a minute with a memorized sentence, was the record made in speed typewriting yesterday afternoon by Mr J. J. Lomax, the police court stenographer, and when he had finished, Mr J. P. Tichenor, local manager of the Remington Typewriter Co., said: "I think I am safe in saying that you are the fastest operator in Canada." Mr Lomax has been known among his confrères of the Court House to be a speedy operator, and at the suggestion of his friends, he decided to make a test to establish a record. The trial was made yesterday afternoon in the grand jury room, the machine used being a Remington No. 6. Judge Choquet, Mr Tichenor, and Mr Wm. Crawford, and a number of official stenographers and newspaper men were present to see what sort of showing Mr Lomax could make. Mr W. E. Burgess acted as timekeeper. As a first test Mr R. Staunton Wright dictated a legal deposition containing 2,150 words, and covering four sheets of foolscap, single spaced. When the word to start was given, Mr Lomax's fingers fairly flew over the keys, so fast that eye could scarcely follow them, although it was noticeable that be used only the index finger of the right hand and only the first two of the left. Including the time lost in inserting fresh sheets of paper, Mr Lomax succeeded in transcribing the passage in 23 minutes, or an average of 931 words a minute, although at times his speed exceeded 100 words a minute, and the number of mistakes was no greater than on work done at an ordinary rate of speed. A test was then made on memorized matter, the sentence selected being: Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of the party," and in a one-minute heat Mr Lomax succeeded in writing 158 words, with but one mistake. In the second trial he did 160 words, with two mistakes.

"

The typewriting record is claimed so often with regard to unfamiliar matter that it is difficult to say whether Mr Lomax has broken the record or not. On the set sentence, Mr Lomax comes a long way behind Mr C. H. McGurrin.

CORRESPONDENCE.

PROPOSED SOCIETY OF BOOK-KEEPING TEACHERS.

SIR,-In furtherance of the movement initiated in my letter published by you on the 17th October, containing a request for the co-operation of teachers of book-keeping, I have already sent typewritten suggestions to the numerous applicants for information from all parts of the country requesting their endorsement or criticism, and shall be pleased to forward a copy to any book-keeping teacher interested. It is desirable that a strong society be formed, which will have general approval and support. A general meeting will be called as soon as a nucleus of 50 promises are obtained, and it is hoped that the society will be in active working order with the new year.

JOHN WM. RAMSHAW. 14 King's road, Wimbledon, London, S.W.

CITY OF LONDON COLLEGE S.W.A.

The fourteenth annual meeting of the City of London College S.W.A., was held at the City of London College, White street, Moorfields, London, E.C., on 29th October, Mr E. C. Wray, F.I.P.S., occupying the chair. The hon. secretary and treasurer (Mr J. J. Gibbs) presented a most satisfactory report of the work during the previous session. From this it appears that at the Society of Arts examination in April last, Miss E. M. Bate and Mr E. J. Shepherd were successful in obtaining first-class certificates, while six secondclass and five third-class certificates were awarded to other members. Of the six members who presented themselves at the London Chamber of Commerce senior examination held in May last, the same number obtained passes, viz. :-Misses E M. Bate, and M. E. Green, Messrs E. J. Shepherd, H. M. Cook, A. J. Craven, and C. Stone, the first three named "with distinction." As a result of the City of London College Midsummer examination Miss H. E. Burton, Miss A. C. Voss, Messrs H. M. Cook, A. J. Craven, E. J. Shepherd, and C. Stone gained second-class certificates, while three other members obtained third-class certificates. In connection with the last named contest, Mr E. J. Shepherd having obtained the highest number of marks and also the first-class Society of Arts certificate, was awarded the S.W.A. prize of one guinea. The report further stated that two examinations for Pitman Speed certificates were conducted, namely, in December and March, at the former of which Mr J. Wall obtained a certificate for 120 words, Miss M. Riedtman one for 100, and Miss A. C. Voss one for 100, while as a result of the latter contest Messrs E. J. Shepherd and J. Wall each gained a certificate for 140 words. In addition to the foregoing achievements, Messrs H. M. Cook and F. A. Stillwell each obtained the teacher's diploma of the Incorporated Phonographic Society and were elected members of that body. The report also recorded that several of the members successfully reported the speech of the Rt. Hon. H. H. Asquith, K C., M.P., on the occasion of the City of London College annual prize distribution, which was afterwards printed and circulated among the students. Following the adoption of the report, the officers for the ensuing year were elected, namely:-President, Mr Sidney Humphries, B.A., LL.B.; as Vice-Presidents, Messrs W. S. Moss, D. Savage, and M. W. Tossell were unanimously re-elected, as was also the Secretary and Treasurer, Mr J. J. Gibbs, who was specially thanked for his services in the past. Out of thirteen nominations the following were chosen by ballot to serve on the Committee, viz. :-Misses E. M. Bate, M, Riedtman, A. C. Voss; Messrs H. M. Cook, A. J. Craven, A. H. Godwin, E. E. Rayner, C. Stone, and S. G. Sweet. A hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman closed the proceedings. The secretary, whose address is 74 Langham road, West green, London, N., takes this opportunity of announcing that meetings for speed practice are held every Thursday evening at 8, and on Tuesdays at 7. which past and present members of the College are invited to attend.

THIS MONTH'S PHONOGRAPHIC

MAGAZINES.

The Reporters' Magazine is enlivened by original illustrations, and the contents include several useful contributions on matters relating to phonographic and typewriting topics. "Speed Study for Home Students" and "The Right Use of Words" may be specially noted.

In the Reporters' Journal some important points in connec

in satisfactory style with useful articles" On Practising for High Speed" by Mr W. H. Lord, and on "Do you Know English?" The departed phonographer of whom Mr Cope furnishes reminiscences this month is Dr Gladstone.

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS
ANNOUNCED.

The dates quoted are the latest on which applications (on forms previously obtained from the Civil Service Commission, London) must be returned.

Assistant CLERKS in London, Edinburgh, and Dublin.— Limited to Boy Clerks and Copyists. 21st January.

ESTATE DUTY CLERKSHIPS.-10 vacancies in London and Dublin. 17th December.

FEMALE LEARNERS, G. P.O. Provinces. 19th Nov.-Vacancies for open competition as under. The open examination and that limited to postmen and messengers, etc., is usually held in the town in which the vacancies occur. Edinburgh, Dublin, Aberdeen, three each; Derby, Hull, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Shrewsbury, two each; Gloucester, Leeds, Southampton, Londonderry, Waterford, one each; Birmingham, seven; Liverpool, 12; Manchester, 10; Glasgow, six. There is likely to be a heavy demand for telegraphists from the examinations now imminent, both for London and the Provinces; and all students who desire these appointments and are within the age limits (same as for London) should compete now.

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF S.W.A's.

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.

A meeting of the Executive Council was held at Manchester, on 24th October. Present: Mr J. Hynes (President) in the chair. Messrs J. Berry (Salford), A. Gilbertson (Salford), J. Griffiths (Coventry), A. Hallam (Haslingden), A. Nixon (Manchester), F. Millican (Gateshead), Secretary.

District Aid Fund.-The following resolution from the East Lancashire District was read and discussed :-" That this district begs to recommend to the National Executive that a scheme should be formed whereby each district may have a fund to meet expenses, the money to be found by the National Executive out of the subscriptions received from the Associations in each district." A resolution from the North East District Council of a similar nature was also read. It was agreed: "That the Executive Council will be disposed to consider an application from a district for assistance in carrying on the district work."

District Speed Championshi.—An application from the North District Council asking for permission to hold a speed championship under the auspices of the Federation was agreed to.

Award of Federation Prizes.-A resolution from the Sunderland Shorthand and Literary Society regarding the method of awarding the Federation prizes for speed examinations was referred to the Examinations Sub-Committee.

Official Journal.-A letter was read from Mr E. Helm (Stockport), joint editor, stating that owing to extreme pressure of business he was very reluctantly compelled to resign his position. It was agreed: "That the resignation of Mr Helm be accepted with great regret, and that the Executive desire to place on record its very great appreciation of the valuable services Mr Helm bas rendered to the Federation during his term of office." It was further agreed "That Mr Joseph Berry (Salford) be appointed as joint editor in place of Mr Helm."

Lecture Exchange.-The Secretary reported that 20 new lectures had been added to the Exchange.

Speed Examination.-The Secretary reported that at the June Examination 27 candidates sat, 15 obtained certificates and 12 were unsuccessful. Newcastle S.W.A. (New South Wales) held an examination at which seven candidates sat, four being successful.

New Association.-The Secretary reported that Lancaster Y.M.C.A. S.W.A. had become affiliated.

tion with present day reporting are discussed in the "Note INC. SOCIETY OF SHORTHAND TEACHERS.

Book" relative to the transmission by electrophone of Mr Balfour's Sheffield speech. "French Journalism" is the subject of an interesting interview and comparison.

Included in the contents of the Phonographer is an informing article on " Phonography in Facsimile, Past and Present,' and useful notes and exercises on book-keeping, with a view to examination requirements.

The Phonographic Monthly completes the seventh volume

STUDENTS' EXAMINATIONS.

The Society will hold Elementary, Theory, and Speed examinations on Friday, 11th Dec., from 8 to 9.30. Last day for receiving entries 12th November. No centre may be formed with less than six candidates. All reprints of Elementary and Theory papers are out of print. All applications should be addressed to the General Secretary, Mr W. H. Jones, 8 Birch grove, Rusholme, Manchester.

THE SHORTHAND-TYPIST AT HOME AND ABROAD.

(Concluded from page 883.)

The following is a continuation of the notice of the article in the French journal Le Conseil des Femmes which appeared in our last :

ENGLAND (Continued).

The writer has a high opinion of the English lady typist. She is superior, he assures his readers, to her French sister in education and intellectual culture. Her employers require from her more knowledge, and it is not rare to call for one language or even two.

Those who fear "dumping" may not like to learn that according to this authority, French women acquainted with the English language have chances of obtaining good situations in this country. A case is cited of a young girl who came to England with a slight knowledge of the language, apparently to undertake the French correspondence of a typewriter firm having a branch in Paris, and who hopes when she has familiarized herself with the language to earn £8 a month. M. Buisson, a well-known Parisian teacher, is said to have succeeded in placing several of his pupils ignorant of English-in English commercial houses where they are employed exclusively in French correspondence. It is pointed out that it is easy for these, with a little toil, to acquire rapidly a knowledge of the language, and that when they have done so, many situations will be open to them. It is worth noting how essentially un-English this is. What English newspaper would think of recommending Englishwomen, or for that matter, Englishmen without a knowledge of a foreign language, to apply for a situation in a foreign city?

The use of advertisements for obtaining situations is mentioned as a specially English practice, and would-be French competitors are advised as to the periodicals in which suitable advertisements may be met with. Readers are informed that business men apply to Pitman's Metropolitan School and to other special schools, and to typewriter companies for employees, a circumstance that enables one who has been a pupil at such institutions to be placed rapidly. Information, mostly of a general character, is added, as to the teaching of shorthand and typewriting in England, and particularly in the capital. The Metropolitan School is described as the most important of the special schools of shorthand and typewriting in London, having more than one thousand pupils of both sexes. The only other Metropolitan institution specifically referred to is the Regent Street Polytechnic, which is praised as an admirably organized institution.

GERMANY.

Not many facts are given with reference to Germany, but some of them are significant. That as many as 3.408 shorthand schools exist in that country is cited as an eloquent fact, and it says much for the energy with which the subject is being propagated among our Teutonic cousins: but nothing is stated as to the extent to which shorthand and typewriting are being disseminated among the women of Germany, nor as to the extent to which women are seeking or obtaining employment by the use of those arts.

OTHER COUNTRIES.

Concerning Belgium we learn that notably in Brussels women shorthand-typists are employed, that for some years their services have been utilized by the Belgian Parliament, and that of six typewriting machines at the Chamber of Deputies, five are manipulated by women. Nevertheless, the number of lady shorthand-typists in Belgium is small. Shorthand teaching, however, is on the increase, especially at Antwerp and Bruges, where stenographic associations exist, and where, as at Brussels also, shorthand periodicals are published.

From Hungary a great extension of teaching is reported,

and it is stated that mercantile men and bankers are utilizing the services of shorthand-typists, that last year the Minister of War determined to employ them in the military offices, and that there they are engaged for a term of two years with a "trial" of three months. Shorthand figures also in the curriculum of the commercial schools for women, and there exists in Hungary a prosperous stenographic society consisting exclusively of women.

In Sweden, Switzerland, and Spain, where societies exist for its diffusion, shorthand, we are told, has no application except for the purposes of Parliamentary reporting-work reserved for men. We think that a little more research would satisfy our contemporary that even in the countries named, a somewhat more extensive and more varied use of shorthand does already take place. The writer is sanguine as to the future prospects of the lady shorthand-typist in all parts of the world. Already in India the demand for them, it is affirmed, is greater than the supply, and good chances exist there for courageous women who will consent to expatriate themselves. South Africa is finally cited as a field for the shorthand-typist, and as offering opportunities for earning 500 fr. (£20) per month to those who possess real capacity and solid knowledge.

INDIRECT ELEMENTS IN COMMERCIAL EDUCATION.

BY ALFRED KINGSTON.

5. THE USE OF TRADE JOURNALS. The prominent place given to all matters affecting commercial life in the ordinary columns of the newspaper press affords one of the elements of a good commercial education, and at the same time makes the newspaper a necessity for the busy man. If the reader has ever noticed the particular uses which different types of men are most inclined to make of the daily paper, he must acknowledge that a very large part of the ordinary man's education for business is assimilated in this way from special departments of his newspaper. Over and above its general intelligence of what is passing in the world, the newspaper has a special interest for most men in the direction in which their interests lie. One finds a special interest in the parts of the paper where the markets for various products are reported, and a very large class in the part of the paper devoted to what is called the money market. To these men the newspaper press has the same relation to ordinary reading which the workshop has to the school. It brings them into contact with the actual application of general knowledge to the special interest of their business or calling, and tells them what men are doing in this particular section of the world.

The educational value of the printing press is to be seen, however, in particular directions, even more than in the special department of the ordinary newspaper. The specialist is nowhere more in evidence than in the various trade journals which now flourish on every hand-all carried on for the special purpose of interesting a particular trade or profession, and keeping them well posted up in all that concerns such profession or trade. If you take up a press directory, you will be surprised to find how large is the extent and variety of the work done by the individual who may be described as the specialist in journalism, in connection with journals devoted to some special interest, trade, or profession. There are no less than from 170 to 180 different groups of allied trades or professions which have their special journals, devoted to recording everything which is likely to affect their particular interests. Some of the more important of these interests have, in fact, a large number of journals sub-divided on specialized lines. As to variety, these class or trade journals cover a field as wide as from the agriculturist to the undertaker; while, as to number, there are somewhere about 1,500 publications entered in the press directories under the head of "Class and trade papers and periodicals." Probably about 1,000 of these are connected with various trades and

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