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Gentlemen,-We have your favour of the 13th inst. to hand for which we are much | obliged. The order for 500 pieces pink sateens has been put in hand, and we will arrange to send you the goods on Thursday next, the 19th inst. We note your remarks respecting preference for Great Central Railway Company's route, and will carry out your wishes. Reverting to the twills we sent you on the 7th ult., with which | you are not quite satisfied, we can only say they are of exactly the same quality and shade as those (1) sent you in April last. We therefore suggest that you carefully examine them again, and if there really is a difference you may of course return them to us, and | we will credit your account with cost of same. We trust, however, this will not be necessary. We have referred | your enquiries re yarns to that department for particulars, and will reply to you fully to-morrow by first post. Owing to the increased business with which we have had to cope during the past twelve months, it has been found | necessary to extend our premises, and this, together with new (2) machinery which has been installed, will enable us to execute | orders much more promptly than heretofore. Our Mr Dickinson will in future be in Leicester every Wednesday, and will call on you to receive your commands. Soliciting a further continuation of your esteem ed orders, we beg to remain, yours faithfully, (250)

LEGAL TERMS, PHRASES, AND

ABBREVIATIONS

FOR TYPISTS, AND SHORTHAND AND OTHER
JUNIOR CLERKS.

BY THE AUTHOR OF "Elementary Law for
SHORTHAND CLERKS AND TYPISTS."

III. TERMS USED IN LITIGATION (CONTINUED). Sequestration.-Sequestration is a peculiar form of execution available only in certain special circumstances. To sequester means etymologically to separate, to withdraw, to set apart. When a man is said to have sequestered himself from society, it is understood that he has withdrawn himself from association with those whom he has been in the habit of meeting frequently, that he has set himself apart in a place where he will come into contact with at all events very few of his fellows. A sequestered spot is a spot withdrawn, as it were, from the every-day traffic of the world. And when sequestration takes place in the technical legal sense, we mean that the property sequestered has been forcibly withdrawn from the possession of its owner, and has been set apart for a time for a special purpose.

When a person has been directed by judgment in an action, or by an order of court, to pay money into court within a specified time, or to do some other specific act-as, for instance, to execute a deed, to deliver up property, etc.within a definite time fixed by the judgment or order, and he refuses or neglects to obey the order within the time appointed for that purpose, he renders himself liable to have a writ of sequestration issued against his estate and effects. This is a mode of punishment for what is termed "contempt of court," the contempt consisting of disobedience to the order of the court. To entitle a litigant to a writ of sequestration against a person in default, the judgment or order containing the direction which has been disobeyed must have been served personally upon the defaulter, although in one case in which it was proved that the defaulter was in court when the order was made, and was therefore aware of it, personal service was dispensed with. It is to be noticed that the procedure is not available for enforcing an ordinary judgment for a debt, because such a judgment does not "limit a time" for payment. Nor is it applicable in other cases where no time is fixed within which an act is directed to be done.

Under a writ of sequestration a man is punished for his disobedience by being deprived of his income so far as it arises from real estate, and also of his personal estate until he complies with the order of the court. The pension of an officer in the army has been held to be not liable to sequestration, but pensions of retired civil servants and naval officers have been held to be liable to be taken under that process. It is not necessary in ordinary cases to obtain leave of the court for the issue of the writ. Production of an office copy of the judgment or order that has been disobeyed, accompanied by proof of service and evidence that default has been made, is all that is required.

Where, however, it is a corporation and not an individual that is in default, sequestration can only be obtained against the corporate property by leave of the court or a judge, applied for on motion in the ordinary way. There must be wilful disobedience," which, in the case of a corporation, means a distinct refusal to obey the order.

Sequestration is also employed as a remedy against a clergyman-technically a "beneficed clerk," against whom judgment has been obtained in an action. Before this remedy can be resorted to there must have been other process of execution unsuccessfully employed. A writ of Fi. Fa. (see under heading Fieri Facias) may have been issued, and in that case the sheriff must have made a return to the writ of nulla bona-that is, that there are no goods belonging to the defendant in his bailiwick on which he can levy the amount of the judgment debt and costs. Or there must

have been an Elegit (which see) on which a return to a like effect must have been made.

The sheriff's "return," which must certify that the person against whom execution was issued is a "beneficed clerk," must be filed in the Judgment Office before the writ can issue. In some cases the sheriff files his return: in other instances his officer hands it to the solicitor for filing.

The ecclesiastical writ of sequestration directs the bishop of the diocese to collect the income of the defaulting clergyman and apply it in satisfaction of the judgment. A copy of such a writ may sometimes be seen posted on a church door as notice to all parishioners that payments of an account theretofore made to the clergyman in his capacity as rector or vicar are to be made thenceforward to the bi hop.

The persons to whose charge the sequestrated estate is entrusted are in the Writ of Sequestration referred to as commissioners, because the estate is committed to their care. They are more generally termed sequestrators.

There is another use of the verb to sequester very seldom heard nowadays, but occasionally employed. When a widow disclaimed or renounced the estate of her deceased husband she was said to sequester, that is to say, to separate herself or hold herself aloof from it.

FORM OF WRIT of SequestratION IN ORDINARY CASES. In the High Court of Justice 1903 W 201 Chancery Division

Between James West Plaintiff and

John Brown Defendant

Edward the Seventh by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith To [setting out the names of not fewer than four Commissioners] greeting

Whereas lately in the Chancery Division of our High Court of Justice in a certain action there depending wherein James West is plaintiff and John Brown is defendant by a judgment [or "by an order "] of our said court made in the said action and bearing date the 26th day of February 1903 it was ordered that the said John Brown should pay into court to the credit of the said action the sum of £930 [or set out the precise direction which has been disobeyed] Know ye therefore that we in confidence of your prudence and fidelity have given and by these presents do give to you or any three or two of you full power and authority to enter upon all the messuages lands tenements and real estate whatsoever of the said John Brown and to collect receive and sequester into your hands not only all the rents and profits of his said messuages lands tenements and real estate but also all his goods chattels and personal estate whatsoever and therefore we command you any three or two of you that you do at certain proper and convenient days and hours go to and enter upon all the messuages lands tenements and real estates of the said John Brown and that you do collect take and get into your hands not only the rents and profits of his said real estate but also all his goods chattels and personal estate and detain and keep the same under sequestration in your hands until the said John Brown shall pay into court to the credit of the said action the sum of £930 for shall do whatever else he is directed to do by the order which has been disobeyed or shall] clear his contempt and our said court make other order to the contrary

Witness Hardinge Stanley Earl of Halsbury Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain the 12th day of March 1903

FORM OF Writ of SequestRATION AGAINST A CLERGYMAN. [N.B. This writ is officially termed a Writ of Sequestrari Facias de bonis Ecclesiasticis.]

[Title and heading as in previous form.] Edward the Seventh by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King Defender of the Faith To the Right Reverend Father in God William by divine permission Lord Bishop of London [or whatever may be the proper See] greeting Whereas we lately commanded our Sheriff of the County of London that he should omit not by reason of any liberty of his county but that he should enter the same and cause to be made [set out the direction as in the writ of Fi Fa if that is the process which the Writ of Sequestration follows Or if the previous step has been an Elegit say "cause to be delivered" instead of "'cause to be made" and set out the direction as in the Writ of Elegit] And whereupon our said sheriff of the county of London

on the 19th day of February 1903 [or at a day past] returned to us in the Chancery [or King's Bench] Division to our said Court of Justice that the said [defendant naming him] was a beneficed clerk that is to say rector of the rectory (or vicar of the vicarage] and parish church of Holy Trinity [or whatever be the name of the church adding the name of the parish] in the county of London and within your diocese and that he had not any goods or chattels or any lay fee in his bailiwick [add the further words that form part of the "return" actually made by the sheriff] Therefore we command you that you enter into the said rectory [or vicarage] and parish church of etc. and take and sequester the same in your possession and that you hold the same into and your possession until you shall have levied the said £ interest aforesaid of the rents tithes rent-charges in lieu of tithes oblations obventions fruits issues and profits thereof and other ecclesiastical goods in your diocese of and belonging to the said rectory [or vicarage] and parish church of etc. and to the said [name the rector or vicar] as rector or vicar] thereof to be rendered to the said [plaintiff naming him] and in what manner you shall have executed this our writ make appear to us in our said court immediately after the execution thereof And have there then this writ

Witness etc. [as in previous form]

(To be continued. Commenced in No. 1.)

PITMAN'S SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITING YEAR BOOK AND DIARY FOR 1904.

All circulars containing information or corrections for the next Year Book should be returned to the Phonetic Institute, Bath, as early as possible. No notifications intended for free insertion can be received after 12th September. Holders of Pitman's Shorthand teacher's certificate, of the teacher's diploma of the Incorporated Phonographic Society, and fellows and associates of the Incorporated Society of Shorthand Teachers, who have changed their addresses, are requested to send the necessary corrections for the lists, unless already notified.

Any Secretaries of Shorthand Writers' Associations, Principals of Shorthand Schools or Typewriting Offices, or conductors of Evercirculators who have not received circulars, are requested to send a post card at once to Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd., Phonetic Institute, Bath.

Terms for advertisements in the Year Book forwarded on application. [37]

INCORPORATED PHONOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.

THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE.

The complete program of the Conference that is to take place at Liverpool on Saturday, 26th Sept., has now been issued. The reception will take place at 10 a.m. at the Hotel St. George, in Lime street, and members and visitors will be received by the Lord Mayor of Liverpool (Councillor W. Watson Rutherford, M.P.), and by representatives of the I.P.S. Council. At 10.20 the first sitting will commence, Mr J. H. Foxcroft being in the chair. Mr F. J. Hallett (Taunton) will introduce the important subject of "The Training of the Shorthand Teacher." At 11.45 Mr W. L. Battison (Glasgow) will deliver an address, entitled, Shorthand an Educative Force and Agency as well as a Commercial Asset." Mr E. A. Cope will occupy the chair at this sitting. Luncheon will be served at 1 o'clock; and the proceedings will re-commence at 2, Mr W. Oulton, J.P., of Liverpool (chairman of the Liverpool Education Committee), being in the chair. The first of the afternoon papers will be by Mr J. Montgomery, Professeur diplômé pour les Lycées de l'Etat (France), and late Oberlehrer and Lecturer at the High and Higher Schools of Commerce at Leipzig, and now of the Liverpool City School of Commerce. His theme is, "Commercial Education." At 3.30 the ladies have their turn, Mrs L. Bean (Bradford) reading a paper on "Woman: her Place in Commercial Life." Mrs C. Hoster (London) will take the chair.

The Annual General meeting will follow, and as there are no notices of motion on the agenda, the proceedings will probably be brief. The day concludes with tea at 6 p.m., and a concert afterwards. A large attendance of fellows and members is anticipated.

EXAMINATIONS FOR THE SHORTHAND TEACHER'S DIPLOMA.

The summer examinations for the shorthand teacher's diploma were held on 25th July at London, Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, and Edinburgh. The results of the examinations are as follows:-Honours, 2; pass, 25; previously passed, 2; failed, 22. Omitting the names of two of the holders of the diploma who sat for, but failed to obtain a higher success, the following is the list of those who passed, arranged alphabetically at each centre, and not according to merit, the candidate's examination number being added in parenthesis :—

LONDON.

Candidates, 24; honours, I; pass, 12; failed, II.

Honours.

Reeder Herbert J. (740), 36 Bensham Manor road, Thornton Heath.

Pass.

Berry James (707), 6 Rosedale road, Forest Gate, London, E.
Brown Henry E. (714), 87 Hambalt road, Clapham Park, London, S.W.
Cook Horace M. (729), 77 Cecil road, Upton Manor, London, E.
Farrell Br. Sylvester V. O. (723), Patrician Monastery, Mallow, Co. Cork
Hamilton Rev. Thomas, M.A. (731), Market street, Ely, Cambs.
Lawrance William C. (703), 4 Fairbank street, East road, London, N.
Lewis Miss Kate (752), Roebuck lane, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
Macdonald J. A. R. (737), 60 Thirland road, Maida Vale, London, W.
Mouncher Arthur E. (736), 26 Holdenby road, Brockley, London, S.E.
Rigden Edward J. (739), 40 Longhurst road, Lewisham, London, S.E.
Taylor Frederic G. (719), 33 Guildford road, Clapham, London, S.W.
Tuck William F. (730), 188 Lordship lane, East Dulwich, London, S.E.
BIRMINGHAM.

Candidates, 6; pass, 2; previously passed, 1; failed, 3.
Pass.

Davis Miss Annie E. (753), 19 Old Town, Stratford-on-Avon.
Glover George R. (705), 65 Marshall street, West Smethwick, Birmingham.

EDINBURGH.

Candidates, 9; honours, 1; pass, 4; failed, 4.

Honours.

Young Alexander W. (704), 136 Gallowgate, Glasgow.

Pass.

Brown James G. (742), Dundee School of Shorthand, 41 Reform street, Dundee.

Latto David (710), 66 Queen street, Edinburgh.

McAra David (750), c/o Mrs Glass, 2 Brunton place, Edinburgh.
Walker Miss Helen S. (725), 17 Wellington street, Dundee.

LEEDS.

Candidates, 9; pass, 5; previously passed, 1; failed, 3.
Pass.

Binns Miss Mary E. (709), 23 Bradford street, Keighley, Yorks.
Custance Walter W. (712), 14 Ashbourne street, Hunslet, Leeds.
Fairbank J. Arnold B. (745), 34 Chapeltown, Pudsey.
Lowry James P. (711), 14 Southey place, Bradford, Yorks
Taylor Miss Mary E. (733), 2 Peterborough road, Eccleshill, Bradford.

LIVERPOOL.

Candidates, 3; passed, 2; failed, 1.

Pass.

Fielden James (720), 58 Stockbridge road, Padiham, Barnley.
Swan Miss A. M. (748), 10 Viola street, Bootle, near Liverpool.

It is proposed to take advantage of the forthcoming conference to hold, in the event of a sufficient number of entries being received, a special examination in Liverpool on Friday afternoon, 25th Sept. Entries should be made not later than 10th Sept.

The next ordinary winter examinations will be held on Saturday, 16th January, 1904, in London, and at such provincial centres as may be required. Entries should be made not later than 31st Dec. Full particulars of these examinations may be had from the Secretary to the Examining Board, Mr H. W. Harris, 100 Mattison road, Harringay, London, N., from whom also sets of the papers given at any of the last sixteen ordinary examinations may be obtained, price 6d. each set.

efforts. He observed that it would be difficult to find any one willing to devote his time, attention, and abilities to the interests of the Society as Mr Blain had done, but he hoped that the recognition of that difficulty would inspire those present at any rate to try to equal him in those directions. Mr Beck and others addressed the meeting, and Mr Blain thanked the members for the kindly feeling shown towards him, and hoped the district would increase in usefulness and influence. In view of the coming session's work, the Secretary of the District, Mr C. Thomas, 29 Russell street, will be pleased to be furnished with the names and addresses of all teachers (members and non-members) open to receive appointments to conduct evening classes under the Liverpool Education Authority, the Technical Education Department, etc. Vacant evenings should be specified.

LONDON AND THE PROVINCES.

The Editor will be greatly obliged by receiving marked copies of any local journals that contain paragraphs or comments on subjects likely to be of interest to the readers of this Journal.

In consequence of the resignation of Mr R. S. Walker, Mr W. G. Brenchley, of Daisy Villa, 89 Dartford road, Dartford, is now Hon. Sec. of the East London S W.A. The members desire to thank Mr Walker for his work in connection with the society, and regret his having to leave them.

The re-opening of the session of Hartlepools and District S.W.A. will take place on 7th Sept., when Mr W. J. Hewitt (Chairman) will deliver an address on "The Stenotyper." An exceedingly interesting program has been arranged, containing numerous papers by experienced phonographers, debates, mock trials, etc., while ample facilities are afforded for the acquirement of speed. This month's program is as follows:

Sept. 7.-Opening Lecture, "The Stenotyper with Practical Illustrations," by Mr W. J. Hewitt. Enrolment of new members.

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14.-Speed practice and committee meeting.

21.-Speed practice and third annual meeting for presentation of report, election of officers, etc.

28.-Speed practice and paper, "Do we study nature as we ought?" by Mr I. Thoreu.

A cordial invitation is extended to all lady and gentlemen phonographers resident in the Hartlepools and District to join this Association. Program and full particulars may be obtained on application to the secretaries, Messrs J. F. Jefferson, 191 Upper Alma street, West Hartlepool, and W. N. Thompson, Ashburn cottage, Seaton Carew.

The Connaught Leader, in recording the result of the examination for Pitman certificates in connection with the Convent of Mercy Schools, Ballinasloe, says: "Seven young ladies presented themselves for elementary and secondclass certificates respectively, six of whom succeeded in winning the coveted prize. The order of merit is as follows for the second-class certificate-1st, Miss M. Cogavin; 2nd Miss A. Madden, and 3rd, Miss S Cogavin. For the elementary certificate-1st, Miss Burke; 2nd, Miss Smith, and 3rd, Mis Rezin. At the examination, which lasted considerably over two hours, the Rev. T. J Joyce, C.A., kindly acted as attestor. We are happy to congratulate the Sisters of Mercy, under whose immediate supervision the proved such an able preceptor of the winged art.'"'

INC. SOCIETY OF SHORTHAND TEACHERS. classes were inaugurated, and Mr T. F. Canavan, who has

LIVERPOOL DISTRICT.

PRESENTATION TO MR BLAIN.

A meeting of the Liverpool District was held at the Y.M.C.A. on 18th August, when various matters connected with the forthcoming session were discussed. Afterwards Mr H. E. Blain was presented with a handsome inkstand, subscribed for by the members as a mark of their esteem on his leaving Liverpool to take up a position in London. The chairman of the district (Mr D. Beeby), in making the presentation, referred to the long and valuable connection of Mr Blain with the I.S.S T., the present flourishing condition of which is due in a great measure to his

SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.

BRIGHTON. MUNICIPAL SCHOOL, YORK PLACE.-Shorthand classes are now commencing. Beginners' class, teacher, Mr H. W. Ellis. Evenings, Wednesdays and Fridays, 7.30 to 8 35. Room No. 18. Elementary Stage (I.), teacher, Mr A. J. Pullen. Evenings, Wednesdays and Fridays, 8.35 to 9 35. Room No. 20. Elementary (Stages I. and II.), teacher, Mr Vernon W. E. Brooks. Evenings, Stage I. Wednesdays and Fridays, 7.30 to 8.35. Stage II. Wednesdays and Fridays, 8.35 to 9 35, Room No. 14. Pupils

as soon as qualified, may be transferred to a more advanced class conducted by Mr Brooks at Richmond terrace. Shorthand and Typewriting (Combined). Teachers, Shorthand, Room No. 14, Mr V. W. E. Brooks; Room No. 20, Mr A. J. Pullen. Typewriting, Rooms No. 15 and 16, Mr J. D. Box and assistants. Evenings, Shorthand. See above. Typewriting, Tuesdays and Fridays, 7.30 to 9 35.-Municipal School, Richmond terrace (Commercial Department), Evening Classes in Shorthand, Elementary, Advanced, Elementary Reporting and Advanced Reporting, teacher, Mr V. W. E. Brooks. Students prepared for examinations; lectures on advanced principles of Phonography delivered periodically. GLASGOW. SKERRY'S COLLEGE, 13 Bath street. And at Nicolson square, Edinburgh; India Buildings, Victoria road, Dundee; 15 New Bridge street, Newcastle-on-Tyne; 5 Bold street, Liverpool.-Complete and thorough instruction is given in shorthand, typewriting, book-keeping, office routine, and all commercial subjects. The College is open from 10 a.m. to 9.30 p.m., and students may enrol at any time, the term dating from enrolment. The system of tuition is individual, and the most upto-date methods are adopted for giving a thorough course of business training. Students are prepared for the Society of Arts examination, and periodic examinations are held for Pitman's Shorthand certificates. Prospectus giving full particulars may be had on application.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Answers to all inquiries relating to Shorthand, Typewriting, Commercial Education, Commercial Law, the Civil Service, and kindred subjects, will be published as soon after receipt as possible, but correspondents are requested to bear in mind that in some instances research taking time may be needful before satisfactory information can be furnished, and also that this Journal is sent to press eleven days in advance of the date of publication. Correspondents can be answered under initials or a pseudonym, whichever they prefer, but their names and addresses must be forwarded as a guarantee of good faith. All letters of inquiry should be addressed EDITOR, PITMAN'S PHONETIC JOURNAL, PHONETIC INSTITUTE, BATH.

OUTLINES.-H. B. will find that the st loop is used in stead, staid, stud, steed, stood, etc., where there is no final vowel, and circle s with the consonants t d in steady, study, studio, etc., where there is a final vowel. This distinction was at one time the subject of a rule in the system; it is now shown in the "Reporter's Assistant."-Lawyer calls our attention to certain words which he states he has seen written in particular ways, (where he does not say); he cannot have seen them in our publications. The word really is written by us in accordance with 20th Cent. rule, 124 (a) which it is important should be observed in all instances of outlines containing two consonants only. But in necessarily and similar words containing three or more consonants, a more compact outline is obtainable by writing the final downward irrespective of the following vowel, and this may be done without any loss to legibility in unvocalized writing. The outline adopted in the new Dictionary for unconquerable is

We are obliged to Ambitious for calling attention to review question 5, Chap. XVI., which shall be revised. Rule 161, however gives the practice as to placing a vowel sign at the beginning or end of a consonant quite accurately.-The outline for testudinate, to which Boscombe calls attention, may be written in accordance with rule 196, fourth paragraph; the omission of the second t would materially shorten the outline.

ARMY SHORTHAND WRITER.-S. C. is informed that positions as shorthand writers in the Army are only open to military men. Our correspondent could not calculate on receiving such employment if he entered the service as a recruit, nor can we say in which regiments he would be most likely to secure it.

MALE LEARNERS G.P.O. (PROVINCIAL).—Provincial has a friend who is fifteen years of age and has been engaged as a telegraph messenger for one-and-a-half years. He asks whether the papers set in the competition limited to messengers are the same as those for the open examination, and where he can obtain the previous sets of papers. - We dealt very fully with this examination on page 536 (4th July last), which please see. The papers at all the centres, limited and open, are identical, and previous sets can be obtained from Messrs Eyre and Spottiswoode. A few weeks' coaching, orally or by home study, is desirable in all examinations.

BOY CLERKSHIP. APPOINTMENT IN IRELAND.-A. C. M. obtained the 21st place on the list (about 600 candidates), taking the 2nd Irish place. He asks what chance he has of being appointed in Ireland.-Not very much, as there are always Boy Clerks of considerable service in London waiting for transfer to Dublin, where very few boys are employed. Still, our correspondent should ask for appointment in Ireland (where his home is), but if sent to London and he has no friends there, he should write to Mr V. P. Peacock, P.O. Savings Bank, London, W., who will send a lodgings list (Catholic or otherwise), and will have our correspondent met at any London terminus. This is one of the duties of members of the Junior Civil Service Christian Union.

ASSISTANT INSPECTORS Of Factories.-P. A. G. asks what book we advise for the subject No. 4 "Law relating to Workshops, etc." in the examination for Assistants to Inspectors of Factories. Our correspondent had better use Abraham and Tennant's "Factory Law" for obvious reasons, and Redgrave's Factory Acts. "The Factory System" by Cooke Taylor (Methuen, price 2s. 6d.), is a capital little book, and the Annual Reports of the Chief Inspector (Eyre and Spottiswoode, various prices) should be perused. Law tutors prefer Ruegg's Factory System, but all these books ought to be in our correspondent's local free library. His writing is poor. Always write carefully, and improve formation of letters by going over copies in Pitman's Copy Books with a clean pen-without ink.

CLERKS IN H.M. PRISONS.-C. P. asks for particulars of clerkships in prisons.-This examination is open only to those who have been nominated by the head of the prison department, but such nominations are fairly easy to obtain if a candidate has a little influence and can produce evidence that he possesses a good knowledge of book-keeping. The age limits are 18 to 22; examination fee £1; subjects, handwriting, orthography, arithmetic, book-keeping, English composition, indexing and docketing and digesting returns into summaries. About thirty candidates usually compete for five or six vacancies, and the men who come out at the top are frequently Assistant Clerks who have been studying for the Second Division. As an examination is very likely to take place immediately, our correspondent should obtain his nomination at once.

WOMAN TYPISTS L. C. C.-Musk asks whether this examination is now open, what are the qualifications, and where she can obtain particulars of the appointment.-The Secretary of Pitman's Metropolitan School can furnish the latest information on this question. We gave very full particulars of the last examination, and the pay and duties on page 559 of the issue of 11th July. Why not sit for the Civil Service Competition for Woman Sorters just announced? It is treated under Civil Service Notes in the present issue (page 703).

GERMAN BOOK-KEEPING.-J. H. inquires the meaning of certain words in German text.-Our correspondent should learn to read and write German, not only when written or printed in the familiar Roman letters, but also when expressed by the old fashioned Gothic characters. If the following words which he has found unintelligible had been presented to his notice in ordinary writing or printing, he would have been able to discover their meaning immediately. Hauptbuch means "Headbook," that is "principal book," therefore, "Ledger." "Kassenbuch " means, of course, "Cash Book." "N" is the German abbreviation of the word "Number."

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BANK CLERKS.-As Stone has already been in communication with the general manager of a bank, and has been promised his assistance towards obtaining a clerkship in his establishment, he should, we think, exercise a little patience. At the same time, if he has the acquaintance of a director, he would possibly strengthen his case if he could add a director's influence to that of the manager. Any ordinary ready reckoner would serve the purpose of making the calculations he inquires about.-An Earnest Inquirer also desires to be a bank clerk, and tells us that he has only had a board school education. As a rule this is an obstacle to employment in a bank, but he is young yet for a bank clerkship, and has at least two years in which to improve his style and his education. In all banks a director's nomination is required. The qualifying examination includes writing, spelling, arithmetic, algebra, geography, history, and a modern language.

PLURALS.-M. A. P. inquires the correct usage as to the plural of dozen, and the correct form of the plural of spoonful.-The usage with regard to dozen depends on the position of the word in

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RAILWAY WORK.-M. E. A. inquires for an arithmetic which he could work through in order to assist him in passing his examinations, and also for a book relating to railway work which would be of use to him in his position of railway clerk.-Any good arithmetic with answers would fulfil our correspondent's purpose; he would do well to get "Pitman's Complete Commercial Arithmetic" (price 2s. 6d.) and "Answers" (price is. 6d.). For guidance in railway work he should procure and study Ivatts' "Railway Management at Stations" (McCorquodale and Co., Ltd., price 6s.).

MONEY MARKET.-Student asks a number of questions relative to the money market reports in the daily papers-on the meaning of various terms, such as contango, carry-over, rate, account, and so forth; also as to the market price of Consols and various railway stocks.-More space than we can spare would be required to answer the first group of questions, but as our correspondent asks for the title of a work furnishing the needful guidance on the subject, we have pleasure in directing his attention to "Pitman's Business Man's Guide" (price 3s. 6d. net), in which he will find full explanations of the terms used in the money market. Having regard to the superior security of Consols, Student asks how it is they are not at a premium. This is no doubt due to the rate of interest; other British funds with slightly higher interest are nearer par. Some of the newspapers quote in their tables the actual amounts of railway shares as well as the market prices. Our correspondent should consult such lists for the information he desires on this point.

ENGLISH DICTIONARY AND ATLAS.-W. Mc L. inquires where he can obtain a good English dictionary "giving all the words in the English language."-Only one work of this very comprehensive character has been attempted, namely the "New English Dictionary" of the University of Oxford, and it will be many years before this is completed. But there are some marvellously cheap and comprehensive dictionaries which may be procured at any bookseller's. There is Nuttall's Standard Dictionary (F. Warne and Co., price 3s. 6d); "Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary" (price 3s. 6d.), a shilling edition of this work on thinner paper has just been published; and the "Royal English Dictionary" (T. Nelson and Sons, price is. net), in which the definitions are made remarkably simple and clear. For an atlas of the world it is advisable to procure the newest, and these are Newnes's, which are published at Is. and upwards. The final e in Dante is pronounced.

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CHANGE OF NAME.-If she wishes to do so, Madge can change her name without any formality. But it is desirable to notify a change of this nature by advertisement, a copy of which should be preserved. A more satisfactory way is by deed poll, a method described in our issue of 6th June (page 458). This must be done through a solicitor, and the expenditure involved will be about £10.

HANDWRITING.-B. T. M. and Typist write fairly good business hands; they would be improved, however, and rendered more compact if written slightly more upright.-Typist should use a pen capable of making light and heavy strokes.-R. W. needs a few lessons in order to get into a more regular style of writing; he might, however, improve his style by avoiding the curving of straight consonants and the use of odd flourishes; capitals also need attention. He would find useful guidance in Pitman's "Business Handwriting" (price is.).-Southport should make a study of the same work.-Yorkshireman's handwriting is good, and if he takes care to keep up and improve his present style, he may develop it into a superior hand. Thick strokes should be struck more firmly and squarely.-Fred writes a bold, firm hand, well suited for legal work.-C. E. P.'s handwriting is well adapted for legal work, but he should not make the downstrokes so heavy.-Ex-lent's hand is too sloping, but we believe that under a teacher's guidance he might develop his writing into a greatly improved style.

MISCELLANEOUS.-T. W. W. can obtain through any bookseller, of the hon. local secretaries, or direct from the Commercial Education Department of the London Chamber of Commerce, to Eastcheap, London, E.C., the past examination papers in

book-keeping, senior 4d., and junior 3d. each.-Geo. R. should obtain instruction for the improvement of his spelling and handwriting. Authorities differ as to the pronunciation of Kerr, some giving kar and others ker.-Jose is informed that there are a great number of excellent works on English grammar adapted to the requirements of different classes of students. Many of these are best studied under the guidance of a competent instructor, but if our correspondent proposes to improve his knowledge of grammar without such aid, he should obtain "Cobbett's English Grammar " (Ward, Lock and Co., price is.).-The experiment of carrying a typist on board ocean liners has only been tried by two Atlantic lines, the Cunard and the North German Lloyd; there are none on the P. and O., the White Star, and the Castle lines, and H. W. is advised that there are practically no openings for those anxious to take up this class of work.-We are not acquainted with any works dealing with the trade which would help Brewclerk; in order to qualify as a secretary to a limited company he should procure and master the Handy Book on Joint Stock Companies" (Jordan and Sons, Ltd., price 5s. net). Our correspondent is too old to sit for the majority of the Civil Service examinations. He would probably find it worth his while to qualify himself for a position abroad; vacancies are advertised, we presume, in the trade papers.-Malton is right, but the quotation in the form given has been current for many years.— S. F. is advised that the publisher of "How to read the Money Article" (price 2s. 6d. net), is Mr Effingham Wilson, 11 Royal Exchange, London, E.C. Relative to the other work inquired about, namely "Hints to Young Valuers," by Craggs and Margent, we are unable to give definite information.-Where there are two persons in a firm, E. R. should address them as Messrs Brown and Smith, and not prefix Mr to each name.-G. E. P. should make application for the " Rate Calculator" direct to the compiler whose address we gave.-A large number of answers are postponed till our next issue.

PITMAN'S SHORTHAND CERTIFICATES. The following Certificates are issued :—

THIRD CLASS or ElementARY CERTIFICATE, for thorough knowledge of the "Phonographic Teacher" "Shorthand Primer, Book I."; or 20th Cent." Manual" or "Instructor," as far as Chap. xvii. Fee 6d. Every student after having worked through the "Teacher" is recommended to test his knowledge by applying for this Certificate.

SECOND CLASS OR THEORY CERTIFICATE, for a thorough knowledge of the 20th Cent. "Manual"; or "Instructor," Chaps. i-xxvi.; or "Shorthand Primer, Book II." Fee 25. FIRST CLASS OR SPEED CERTIFICATE. Speed Certificates are granted for 60 words per minute and upwards. Fee is. 6d. FULL CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY.-When a Second Class Certificate and a First Class Certificate for 80 words have been obtained, a Full Certificate is issued, certifying that the holder has a thorough theoretical and practical knowledge of Phonography. Fee Is.

Forms of Application for the above Certificates, containing full particulars, can be had gratis and post-free from any of the Offices of Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.

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