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Each Notice should be written on one side only of a separate piece of paper. Every Notice under the head of Correspondence must give full name and address.

Correspondents are requested to write their address clearly in ordin ary longhand. If they wish to receive replies in Phonography, a star should be attached to the name; thus, John Smith."

Notices of all kinds must reach Bath at least eleven days before the date of the Journal for which they are intended.

Every communication addressed to the Editor of this Journal must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer.

Exercises Corrected Gratis (enclose stamped and addressed envelope) by

Cullen T. J., Coolowley, Grogan, Ballybrophy, Queen's Co.
Lyndridge A. W., 48 Norfolk avenue, Southend-on-Sea
Nunn T. L., 285 Dewsbury rd., Leeds

Correspondence, etc. id. per line of ten words.

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Correspondence desired with phonographers in any style (Pitman's system). John Adams, 5 Wilton rd., Colliers Wood, Merton, Surrey. Phonographer wishes to meet another in district of Southwell for mutual improvement and speed practice. Beeson, Burgage villas, Southwell, Notts.

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Correspondence invited, in Corresponding Style, Pitman's Shorthand. David Pountney, 4 Nicholas st., St Peter's rd., London, E.

Advertiser (German lady) desires to correspond with French lady, and would correct German letters for like service in French. Liesel Binz, Dudley House, Richmond rd., West Kensington Park, London, W. [33] Correspondence desired in Corresponding Style with phonographers all over the world. Herbert E. Power, Tunapuna, Trinidad, B.W.I.

Pictorial post cards, exchange desired, coloured views or actresses preferred. Sure reply. J. C. Woodsford, 14 La Chasse, Jersey, Channel Islands.

Correspondence desired on pictorial post cards, longhand or shorthand. Replies to all. Miss Lois Baxter, High st., Boston, Lincs.

Pictorial post card exchange desired (shorthand only). Prompt replies. Miss Daisy Spanyer, c/o 66 Battery R.F.A., Jhansi, India.

Correspondence desired on pictorial post cards. Prompt replies to all (longhand or shorthand). Vincent J. Healy, 2 Thomond sq., Blackrock rd., Cork, Ireland.

Correspondence on pictorial post cards desired, Longhand or any style of shorthand. Prompt replies to all. D. O. Morgan, 16 St Peter's st., Islington, London, N.

Correspondence desired, shorthand or longhand, on pictorial post cards. Heraldic cards preferred. Vincent Smith, Fern Bank, Disley, Cheshire. Pictorial post card correspondence desired. Good views only. Prompt replies. J. Howard, Chase Heys, Churchtown, Southport. [35] Pictorial post card correspondence invited, shorthand or longhand, coloured preferred. Mr F. Roberts, 54 Wendron st., Helston, Cornwall, England.

Post cards, pictorial exchanged (Tuck's £2,000 competition). Prompt replies. Fred Bean, 164 Loughboro' Park, Brixton, London, S.W. [33] Pictorial post cards.-Correspondence desired (longhand or shorthand). John E. Stokes (Beira and Mashonaland Railways), Umtali, Mashonaland, Rhodesia, South Africa. [35] Pictorial post cards and shorthand correspondence exchanged with writers in all parts of the world; any style. J. H. Law, Y.M.C.A., Cape Town, South Africa.

Associations. id. per line of ten words.

Phonetic Shorthand Writers' Association (London District I.P.S.), The Arcadian Restaurant, 8 Queen st., Cheapside.-The principal Shorthand Association in the kingdom. Meetings held every Thursday evening from 7 to 10. Regular speed practice conducted at various rates by experienced phonographers. Lectures by well-known shorthand writers; discussions, etc. Speed examinations held periodically. Centre for Society of Arts shorthand examination and for Pitman's medal competitions. (Members sit at these examinations and at the I.P.S. Teachers' Exam. at reduced fees.) Shorthand library and other advantages. Fees, including speed practice, 10s 6d per annum or 38 per quarter. All phonographers (ladies or gentlemen) are eligible for membership. Prospectus, with full particulars, on application to Secretary, H. J. Cork, 2 Reedholm road, Stoke Newington, London, N. [34]

Typists' Section, I.P.S. (the N.U. of Typists is incorporated with this Section). Examinations for teachers and typists, lectures, demonstrations, discussions, employment bureau, advice on typewriting matters, etc. Annual subscription, 5s.; members of I.P.S., 3s 6d. Rules, Examination Syllabus, Forms of Application, etc., from the Hon. Sec., Geo. Colebourn, F.I.P.S., 151 Second ave., Manor Park, Essex. Examinations periodically. Copies of last papers (March and July), is per set. .44]

Evercirculators and Libraries. Id. per line of ten words.

An evercirculator is a manuscript phonographic magazine, consisting of articles written by the individual members, one member acting as oonductor. The book passes round, and each round members contribute an article and remarks, or take part in the discussion. A leaflet containing further particulars forwarded from the Phonetic Institute, Bath, on receipt of id stamp. [x]

Evercirculator paper in three varieties, of superior quality, five quires Is 6d; headings and title-pages, 3d per doz.; covers, cloth is., leather Is 6d. Samples for id. Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd. [x]

Endeavour Evercirculator.-Wanted, two young Churchmen and Conservatives to discuss questions of the day. Reporting Style. No entrance fee or subscriptiou. J. H. Haisle, Belton, Doncaster,

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The Ossory Evercirculator.-Commencing. Reporting Style. Members wanted, either sex. Interesting articles, essays, discussions, questions, etc. Entrance fee 6d. Particulars stamp. Send immediately. T. J. Cullen, Coolowley, Grogan, Ballybrophy, Queen's Co. (331 Members wanted for the Dublin Phonographer Evercirculator (No. 2). Articles, discussions, correction list, etc. Particulars stamp from Harry B. Stephenson, I Florence st., Dublin.

Educational Evercirculator.-Advertiser desires to form an evercirculator devoted to subjects of interest to elementary school teachers. Particulars stamp. Mr J. W. Thomas, 78 Commercial rd., Abercarne, Newport, Mon.

[33] The best Library is the Telegraph, established ten years, circulating all the magazines, including Australian magazine; quarterly subscription, Is 3d; always vacancies, particulars stamp. Conductor, J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. [33] The 20th Century Commercial Library, over 160 books available for the use of members. Shorthand, typewriting, French, German, Spanish, and commercial books, together with copies of all English and foreign shorthand magazines. Subscription one penny per week. Splendid opportunity of studying large selections of works at a small cost. Full particulars for stamp. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [33] Second-hand Books, Shorthand or Phonetic, for Sale, or Exchange, or Wanted, id. per line of ten words; Miscellaneous Books, 3d. per line. Wanted, copies of Parody's Spanish Phonography, and the following vols. of the Phonetic Journal-1871, 1872, and 1886; Pitman's Shorthand Weekly, vols. 3, 4, 6, and 7. Address, Isaac Pitman and Sons, 31 Union square, New York, U.S.A. [39]

For sale, Tom Brown's Schooldays, is 3d; Vicar of Wakefield, is 3d; Reed's Shorthand Writer, Is 9d; Gulliver's Voyage, 9d; Shorthand Letter Writer and Key, 9d; Office Work in Shorthand and Key, 9d; Phonography in the Office, 9d; Book of Common Prayer, is 6d; Phrase Book, 6d; and various other books. Anderson, 49 Kipling st., Bermondsey, London, S.E.

Books worth buying for the Holidays. All is rd each, post free, all in good condition. Tom Brown's Schooldays in shorthand; Verbatim Reporting by McEwan; Commercial Correspondence, series two or three; Phonography adapted to French; A Special Parcel of Shorthand Books. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [37]

For the Holidays All is 6d each, post-free. All in good condition. Reed's Reporter's Guide; Reporter's Hand-book and Vade Mecum; Pitman's Reporter's Reading Book with Key in longhand, marked for speed practice; Book of Common Prayer in Shorthand; Special Parcel of Assorted Shorthand Magazines. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd, Brockley, London, S.E. [36] Swan pen, nearly new, 7s 6d. Wanted, latest edition, Phonographic Dictionary. E. J. Crampton, 10 Fallsbrook rd., Streatham, London, S.W. [33] Wanted, second-hand Shorthand Dictionary, 20th century edition, good condition. Isidore Horowitz, L. J. S. Boys' School, Jerusalem, Palestine. Manual, Reporter, and Phrase Book, bound together. Would exchange for Advanced Book-keeping, or Shorthand Magazines. Allen, 176 Manor st., Belfast.

Wanted, Text-book and other works in Odell's System of Shorthand; good price given; also 1st edition of Pitman's Shorthand Dictionary. State price to William H. Lord, 59 Halkin st., Leicester. [33]

Wanted, back nos. Phonetic Journal, 1902, Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25; Feb. 8. 15, 22; March 1, 15; April 12, 26. Full price paid for clean nos. Apply Charles Bray, 102 Elford pl, Roundhay rd., Leeds.

Wanted, Bible or New Testament in Phonography; recent issue preferred. State price, J. De Valle, Market sq., Rugeley. Reading practice for the coming holidays, etc. 6s worth shorthand magazines in new condition, all different, post-free, Is 6d, sent any part of the world for money order for 2s; splendid and unequalled value. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [37]

For sale, few copies of Oliver McEwan's Verbatim Reporting, post-tree Is Id. I. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [361 For sale, what offers? 90 Phonetic Journals (41, vol. 60; 49, vol. 61), also Reporter. Copland, 5 Wellington st., Hawick.

What offers for three Pitman's Commercial Exercise Books, Esop's Fables, two Reporter's Readers, Self-Culture, and Shorthand Exercises? or exchange Typewriter Manual. H. G. Allen, 355 Ropery rd., Gainsborough.

For sale, Green's History, parts I to 28, uncut, what offers? Reporter's Pencil Case for 6 pencils, is; Macmillan's French Course, third year, 9d; Arithmetic Made Easy, published recently, Is; Pitman's Business Handwriting, 8d; Chardenal's First French Course, 1od. T. R. Kay, 19 Elm rd, Crumpsall, Manchester.

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The fact that members of the "fair sex are now devoting themselves, in unprecedentedly large numbers, to the study of shorthand and typewriting, is one that forces itself upon the attention of the observant. School statistics, examination results, advertisements: all tell the same tale. Railway companies have found, in recent years, a large and rapidly increasing number of young unmarried women among the applicants for season tickets; and it is safe to say that the majority of the applications emanate from typists. Second-class carriages, that travel from the suburbs to the great business centres in the morning, and from the business centres to the suburbs in the evening, are no longer filled, as they were not so very long ago, exclusively with men. In nearly every compartment, other than those set apart for smokers, may be seen at least one neatly-dressed and generally business-like young lady. The change has come silently, gradually, at first slowly, but afterwards with growing impetus and strength. And it has, at length, become conspicuous enough to attract the attention of the journalist.

There are two ways in which the facts may be served up journalistically. They may be stated in their bare simplicity, the reader being left to draw his own conclusions from them, to interpret them in the light of his own knowledge, and to place his own meaning upon them. The other method is to point out prominently, if not exclusively, one possible inference from the facts, an inference that looks startling or portentous, taking care to draw attention to its startling character by the wording of a striking headline. Thus it happened the

other day that a London newspaper, in giving some statistics, by no means exaggerated, of the number of young women now learning shorthand and typewriting at the various schools in the metropolis, described those pupils as "preparing to oust the male clerk." Evidently in the mind of the writer there existed the vision of regiments of petticoated typists invading the many business houses of the Capital, seizing the stools of the unfortunate male clerks, and forcibly thrusting their previous occupants into the streets. It is assumed, as a matter of course, that the increase in the employment of the woman clerk means that men are being ejected from their situations. Nothing is easier than to draw an inference, as one may see any day. Those who are enlightened enough to read more than one newspaper, and who do not confine their reading to journals of one political hue, cannot help noticing what precisely opposite conclusions are drawn from the same set of facts or the same set of figures. Most writers take it for granted that a certain result must follow from a certain state of things, and feel it to be quite unneces sary to ascertain whether as a fact that result does follow or has followed. The same fault vitiates most of the reasoning on this subject. The supposed early extinction of the male clerk is assumed to be a necessary result of the entry of the lady clerk into the field.

But, after all, the question whether the male clerk is being ousted is one of fact, and not one to be decided by mere inference. Where is the evidence that the male clerk is being ousted? Is it not rather the fact that the spread of typewriting has created a new industry-a new sphere of work? We see no falling off in the demand for the services of the male clerk. The demand is for a better educated type of clerk than was sought or expected a generation ago. The time has gone when "anybody" could be a clerk. But the man who is equipped with a thorough knowledge of the machinery of commerce, a knowledge of foreign languages, and that mental alertness and resourcefulness that are wanted in business, has nothing to fear. The lady typist will not deprive him of his chances in life.

Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd., Phonetic Institute, Bath, have just sent out their nineteenth letter to teachers of Pitman's Shorthand and Commercial Subjects in the United Kingdom. As many matters of importance are dealt with in it, including particulars of important new publications, teachers who do not receive a copy are requested to at once write to Bath for one. Those who are not already on the list of teachers should forward some evidence of teaching.

A new ser es of Short French Readers is announced by Mr David Nutt. Each Reader will include a brief introduction, giving details of the author's life and works, and short notes on grammar and on the geographical, historical, and literary allusions of the text. Alexandre Dumas Jacomo," Antoine Galland's "Sinbad Le Marin," Alphonse Daudet's "Contes Choisis," are now ready, and other volumes are in the press, and will shortly be issued.

Mr A. May (formerly of Fernsplatt, Perranwell, Cornwall,) desires phonographers to note that his address is now c/o Rt. Hon. Lord Strathcona, 17 Victoria st., London, S.W.

A shilling people's edition of that well-known work "Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language" has just appeared. The volume is identical in size of type and contents with the larger edition, and in point of size unquestionably establishes a record in cheap dictionaries.

Mr V. W. E. Brooks, F.I.P.S., F.Inc.S.T., has been re-appointed by the Brighton Education Committee as shorthand master at the Municipal School of Science and Technology, and at the York Place Central Evening School. He has also been given a general supervision over all the shorthand classes conducted by the Committee, with a view to securing their proper grading.

The Board of Education has this year issued in separate form the regulations and syllabuses of evening schools, instead of sending them out in a single brochure as formerly. Messrs Eyre and Spottiswoode issue these official publications as under : Regulations for Evening Schools, Technical Institutions, and Schools of Art and Art Classes (From "Syllabuses 1st August, 1903 to 31st July, 1904)," price 2d.

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and Lists of Apparatus applicable to Schools and Classes other than Elementary (From 1st August, 1903 to 31st July, 1904)," price 4d. No changes of importance are made by the Board so far as commercial subjects are concerned.

Mr Edward Gauntlett, F.I.P.S., F.Inc. S.T., Okayama, Japan, writes suggesting that business people might save a considerable amount of the time and effort of their correspondents if they had an announcement printed on the top of their note paper notifying that correspondence might be written in shorthand. We may say that we have endeavoured to foster this method of time-saving by supplying to any who desire it, for 8d. post-free, a stereo containing the following shorthand sentence:

いず

Statements relative to the speed of well-known public speakers find a place in an article on "Some Speedy Speakers" in Tit-Bits for 1st August. The palm for the most rapid delivery is given to Mr Marshall Hall, K.C., M.P., who is credited with a speed far exceeding 200 words a minute. Mr Charles Scott Dickson, K.C., the SolicitorGeneral for Scotland, who is stated to have "slowed down" in recent years, on one occasion, we are told, " ran up to 250 words a minute." Mr Dickson's record, which was made in 1888, was, however, an average of 220 words. The fastest public speaker on the face of the earth is stated to have been the late Mr Secretary Sherman, whom Tit-Bits says spoke at the rate of 300 words a minute when the silver question was agitating the United States.

TYPEWRITING NOTES.

In the Daily Mail for 13th July, a drawing was given showing an office furnished with various goods manufactured in different parts of the world outside the United Kingdom. A Remington typewriter figured in the foreground.

In the correspondence appearing in the Daily Mail under the heading of "Girl Typists," a number of women testify to salaries ranging from 25s. to 45s. a week, and say that with economy they find they can live a decent life and an independent existence by their own exertions—this latter point is insisted upon as being the chief aim of a modern woman.

The Woman at Home for August contains an article descriptive of the new model Yost typewriter,

The three operators who gained the bronze medals at the Society of Arts Examination, Mr W. E. Wilson, Mr A. Johns and Miss Waymark, all used Remington typewriters. Mr Wilson used a Remington upwards of seven years old.

According to an American journal there are 47 typewriter factories in the United States, with a capital of $8.400,000, and the value of the product of 1900 was $6,932,029. The salaried officials and clerks engaged in the business number 532, and the average number of workmen employed is 4.340, of whom 294 are women and 67 are children. The actual number of typewriters manufactured in 1900, the latest year for which there are returns, was 144,873.

At a meeting of North's Typewriter Manufacturing Co., Ltd., held in London recently, the following resolution was passed:-"That it has been proved to the satisfaction of this meeting that the company cannot, by reason of its liabilities, continue its business, and that it is advisable to wind up the same, and accordingly that the company be wound up voluntarily; and that Mr Frank Tripcony, secretary of the company, be and he is hereby appointed liquidator for the purposes of such winding up."

The seventh volume of the "Cambridge Modern History," just published, is a history of the United States. The following paragraph anent American ingenuity in invention, and American readiness to adopt and perfect the inventions of others will be of special interest to our readers :-" The history of many typical American industries is the history of inventions first made by Europeans, which remained without economic result till perfected and made financially successful in the United States. The practical sense of the American has been quick to turn ideas into dollars. Sewing machines and typewriters, for example, though first experimented with abroad, are practically the products of American ingenuity."

The British Advertiser for July has a very sensible article upon the question of " Advertising by Correspondence." Stress is laid upon the fact that a circular should not suggest to the recipient that it is a circular, that if in imitation of typewriting, the tint of the name and address should be the same as that of the body of the letter. This is good advice, but a little difficult to carry out. Our contemporary says that any printer will print a circular letter to match the tint given them. But this statement loses sight of the fact that the ribbon or pad with which the names and addresses are filled in itself changes colour as used. As it wears it grows faint. There is yet room for a device which will ensure the matching of the body of a printed or mimeographed circular with the name and address,-not in a single instance, but through a pile of circulars.

INDIRECT ELEMENTS IN COMMERCIAL EDUCATION.

1. TRADE AND ADVERTISING.

BY ALFRED KINGSTON.

There are many indirect elements of commercial education which can never find a place in any text-book, but which, nevertheless, may be worthy of some attention in a journal which furnishes guidance to those looking forward to a commercial career. In a former series of articles which appeared in this Journal under the title of "Occupations and How to Enter them," a special article was devoted to the subject of "Advertising and Answering Advertisements." That article had reference to the subject of advertising from the point of view of the personal interest of the candidate in obtaining a situation in commercial life. But advertising has a much wider meaning than that of making known the want of a situation, or that there is a situation vacant. The old platitude that what steam power is to machinery advertising is to business, is none the less true for being hackneyed, and,

therefore, the point of importance even for the candidate for a clerkship in business life, is that in some form or other, and in more or less personal degree, everyone in business will at some time or other be concerned with this motive power, which keeps the commercial markets of the world going.

It has

In these days it is a rare thing for a business to be run without a certain expenditure being set aside for advertising, and in many cases the sums so spent are enormous. been very well said that, given an article of moderate excellence, it is bound to succeed if you advertise it enough. That is the modern view. Carlyle in one of his most characteristic utterances against our "English puffery," has this little bit of caustic humour at the expense of the advertiser of his day who acted upon the above principle for selling his wares :

The hatter in the Strand of London, instead of making better felt-hats than another, mounts a huge lath-and-plaster Hat, seven feet high, upon wheels; sends a man to drive it through the streets; hoping to be saved thereby. He has not attempted to make better hats, as he was appointed by the Universe to do, and as, with this ingenuity of his, he could very probably have done; but his whole industry is turned to persuade us that he has made such!"'

Carlyle's views of business methods would, I am afraid, be regarded as too patriarchal for modern business life, when the man who hesitates to advertise is lost. There are some old firms who still rely alone upon the intrinsic merit of their wares to make them known, but in the main it is not so, and the tradesman has to reckon with his advertising bill, and for many reasons which did not exist to the same extent when Carlyle drew that graphic picture of the hatter in the Strand. In the old days when no one travelled, or travelled so little that they still relied upon their hand-made shoes and clothes, made to measure, and stuck to their own tailor and their own local tradesman, there was much less use for advertising. Carlyle's ideal trader was so well known to all who dealt with him that the character of the man was the only label required for his wares, and he still exists here and there in quiet out-of-the-way corners of the world.

That delightful cosmopolitan humorist, the late Max O'Rell, told an excellent story of his own adventures in the purchase of a straw hat. He had only just returned from a lecturing tour in America, and found himself in a quiet corner in France at the quaint old watering place of St Malo. The weather was hot, and, asking the hotel keeper where he could buy a straw hat, that worthy, after giving the matter some deliberation, recommended M. Anfret in the High street as one who had carried on a business which had been established for generations and so could be depended upon. Max O'Rell informed the host that he did not care anything about the hatter's pedigree, as he only wanted a straw hat. He went in search of the shop only to find the door fastened. After knocking, a well-dressed little lady came, unlocked the door, and on learning his errand was profuse in her apologies and said it was very awkward, but they were just at dinner! It was now the customer's turn to apologize for intruding, and then the lady suggested his calling again at two o'clock, which he said he would be delighted to do. At two o'clock he again made his way to the shop giving, if anything, a few minutes' grace, to be sure. On presenting himself the same lady appeared with the same deprecating smiles, and again confessed that it was very unfortunate but her husband had waited for him until two o'clock, and now had gone across to the café! Max O'Rell offered his apologies for again troubling the good lady, but said he really wanted his hat. She was "so sorry," but would he mind going across to the café and speaking to her husband? Oh, no, he would be delighted. To the café he went, and there found the tradesman engaged in a game of dominoes with another townsman. Watching for a spare interval in the game he made his business known to the tradesman of St Malo, who coolly asked him if he would mind waiting until he had finished that game! Oh, no, he would be delighted. And so when the game was finished Max O'Rell was rewarded at last with the opportunity of the purchase of his much-needed straw hat, a good article, from a man who, it seems, had made a comfortable compe

tence in trade and had no further concern than letting business keep him, by allowing his customers to wait upon him. Upon that little picture of trading on the dolce far niente principle, Max O'Rell adds this moral. He had just come from Chicago, from a land where they ruin their stomachs with "four minute lunches," and then " disfigure the landscape with advertisements of somebody's pills," and he never before realized what solid contentment in business meant !

The idyllic tradesman is not the ordinary figure to be met with in business. For most men business is terribly earnest, and the struggle to secure orders means persistent advertising and hustling. We are all more or less cosmopolitan now, we buy in all markets, providing they are the cheapest, and all markets come to us in a way which was never known before, and the man who would succeed is the man who keeps his wares to the front, and will not allow you to forget them. Your wares may be all right, but the first essential condition of success is to make them known. The British public, and I suppose many other publics too, have a way in these latter days of following the crowd, of going where they are told to go, and if you only repeat the process of telling them often enough and long enough and loud enough, they will come your way and your persistence will be rewarded. That is the philosophy of very much of our modern trading. It is not an ideal state of trading, perhaps, such as could be compared with the solid respectability of the period of topboots, and the man who relied simply and solely upon the character of his wares, as Carlyle thought the hatter in the Strand should have done. It is, however, a very necessary method in these days when the man who does not advertise is simply swamped.

The reader of these pages who is looking forward to, or entering, a career in business will certainly be more or less affected by this tendency in modern life, and probably be called upon to respond to its exacting demands. In many cases that response will at times bring in the necessity of exercising the art of framing advertisements. So important is this element in business education that there are special schools and courses of lessons now devised for the benefit of those who would excel in the writing of advertisements and the art of most effectively keeping the business man's products to the front. The majority of readers may not find it necessary to take an actual course of such lessons, but a little of the successful advertiser's skill, ingenuity, and resource, will be well worth cultivating, and be pretty sure to come in useful in business life.

(To be continued.)

AMERICAN JOURNALISM.

The Rev. R. J. Campbell, pastor of the City Temple, London, who is now on a visit to America, was invited by an interviewer to express his views on American journalism, and thus responded::-"Your newspapers? I hardly like to say what I think about them, especially as I understand I am shortly to be a guest of the New York Press Club. There might be trouble on hand for me. Such-well such unscrupulous enterprise I have never seen before. Your journalists are ahead of ours in push and go and ability to provide the public with all the news it wants. But I find that the news is not always correct, and that when any particularly sensational statement is made in the press the American citizen merely shrugs his shoulders and says, Most likely it ain't so.' This slapdash style so much indulged in by some papers is new to me. I should have thought that the public would insist on having only reliable information, or else would make it impossible for the ultrasensational journalism to exist, but apparently it is not so. The leading articles (editorials) also in the sensational papers appear to be worth very little and could hardly be said, I judge, to guide public opinion. On the other hand, it is but just to say that the higher class of American newspapers— papers like the World and Herald of New York-is quite equal, both in literary merit, in contents, and in editorial comment, to anything that we have in England."

SOME EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND

THEIR WORK.

THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS.

A substantial new building, standing in the heart of the puzzling network of little streets in the vicinity of Drury lane, overshadowed on one side by the great legal world of Chancery lane, with the intervening dignified buildings of the Inns and the Law Courts, and touching on the other side the fringe of the London County Council's vast improvement scheme which is altering the face of this part of central London, the London School of Economics and Political Science, erected in Clare Market, and opened in May last by Lord Rosebery, is a link between the past and the future. Standing upon ground belonging to the London County Council, acquired for the purpose of the future great highways of Aldwych and King's Way, which are to link the important arteries of Holborn and the Strand, and bearing on its front the name of Passmore Edwards, who gave a substantial donation towards the cost of its erection, the new building is at once an interesting part of the story of that great movement for the betterment, materially and educationally, of the face and fitness modern London and its workers. How it came into existence as an institution, and how it came to be housed in the present spacious building on such a site, are, therefore, part of the same movement in which the more enlightened spirit of the age is seeking to find expression in a more efficient commercial education for those who will be responsible for the future administration and trade of the Empire, and in the betterment of the conditions of citizenship for the dwellers in the largest city in the world.

of

About the year 1894 there was a distinct movement among leading educa

these subjects in certain University Examinations, and the chance inspiration of passing events and the interest which most Englishmen felt in public affairs." No definite syllabus had been worked out in relation to particular callings-in short, no great public institution in England had taken in hand the problem of Commercial Education of a University type. It was under such circumstances, then, that in the year 1895, the London School of Economics and Political Science began its important work of providing for Commercial Education of a University type, as a school of the University of London. It commenced by hiring rooms in John street, Adelphi, where the Society of Arts is located, and that Society generously placed their lecture hall at the disposal of the School for certain evenings in the week. The London Chamber of Commerce, too, gave its cordial sup

THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS.

tionists both to recognise and to seek for a better provision for higher commercial education than at that time existed. There was found to be "an absence of any system of Commercial Education of a University type, and the meagre provision for scientific training in economics and political science, as compared with the Continent and the United States, had long been the subject of complaint." The Gresham University Commissioners had pointed out the imperative urgent need for supplying to the students of the London University the kind of education provided in France by the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques," and the British Association had also pointed out the unsatisfactory condition of economic studies at the Universities and Colleges. "Economic and political studies depended for their encouragement mainly on the partial recognition of

terrace.

port, by affording facilities for the delivering of some of the Commercial Courses at Botolph House, Eastcheap That the School had begun work on the right lines was soon evident in the fact that these arrangements were found inadequate, and in June, 1896, the School had to remove from No. 9 John street, to No. 10 Adelphi During these years the School was gradually taking the shape it now assumes, in the adoption and use of a curriculum based upon the practical experience of "specialists in the various subjects, heads of departments in the Civil Service, municipal officials, bankers, railway administrators, employers of labour, and other persons who might be expected to throw light on the relation which should exist between the curriculum of the School and the needs of these different classes." The net result was a decision in favour of "a basis of scientific training common to all departments, supplemented with specialized courses of lectures and classes suitable to particular groups."

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In 1899 and 1900 the Technical Education Board of the London County Council, urged upon the London University Commissioners the importance of giving adequate recognition to subjects of higher commercial education, and in 1900, under the new constitution of the University of London, a "Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences (including Commercial Industry)" was established, and the London School of Economics was admitted as the "School of the University" in that Faculty. It was at this time that the difficulty arose as to the question of accommodation for the proposed new Faculty. Mr Passmore Edwards came forward, with the public spirit which has characterized his life, and agreed to provide £10,000 (since increased to £11,000), for the erection of a suitable building for the new Faculty, to accommodate as a School of the University, the London School of Economics and the British Library of Political Science, hitherto carried on at No. 10 Adelphi terrace.

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