have been filled by our own countrymen if they had been as efficiently educated for their business, and this superior INCORPORATED PHONOGRAPHIC SOCIETY. education would have enabled our manufacturers to supply to our own people many of the attractive and superior commodities that we have been buying from our rivals. TO SUM UP. The sum of the whole matter is this:-The ability to surpass the foreigner in our own market would enable us to surpass him in every market under the sun, I have no wish to disparage my own country, and I acknowledge with sincere gratitude the successful results of the Technical Instruction Act as administered by many of the County Councils and other agencies under the Science and Art Department of the Board of Education. In many cities and towns the work of educating boys and girls for business is advancing rapidly and surely, but in many others little or no effort is being made; while universally the great lack of preliminary training on the part of the students renders the higher teaching difficult, and in the majority of instances impossible of attainment. Our educational system needs reorganizing and co-ordinating from the bottom to the top, with the main lines leading from elementary to secondary schools and from thence to the Universities or Science Colleges, with a free course open for talented and painstaking boys and girls even among the humblest to obtain the highest intellectual training that the country can offer. From our elementary and secondary schools there should be branch lines leading to technical schools, suited to local needs, available in the evening for industrial, commercial and agricultural students-which, while aiming at the development of local industries, would aim still more at the development of the scientific and artistic faculties of the students according to their bent. This is the plan of campaign whereby our rivals on a national scale educate their boys and girls for business, and get it, and it is a plan that we must follow, or, as we ought, "go one better," if we are to hold our own in the competition. We have realized during the last three years how much our national safety depends on the training and equipment of our army in the arts of war, but we have ignored the fact that our existence as a manufacturing nation depends on the training and equipment of our industrial army in the arts of peace. Our rulers recognise our deficiencies; the one thing lacking is their patriotic determination to overcome them. Our past neglect has cost us hundreds of millions in the loss of international commerce, and far more in the national loss of brain power among the neglected millions of our people, and every year of delay on our part is a year of gain to our rivals, whose commercial success has advanced concurrently with the facilities which they have afforded for the education of their boys and girls for business. PITMAN'S SHORTHAND TEACHER'S The Pitman's Shorthand Teacher's Certificate has been granted to the following, after examination :— Crotty Edward J., 32 High street, Sligo. Read Charles Bailey, A.C.P., 2 Harvey road, Camberwell, London, S.E. Thomson David Richmond, 2 Strathleven place, Dumbarton. Full particulars relative to the examination for Pitman's Shorthand Teacher's Certificate may be obtained on application to Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd., Phonetic Institute, Bath. The examination can be taken at any time or place, and the fee is 55. I.P.S. TYPISTS' SECTION. FIRST ANNUAL MEETING. The first annual meeting of this Section (covering the seven months ending 31st May) was held on Saturday, 13th June, at St Bride's Institute, London, E. C., Mr J. W. Poole in the chair. There was a fair attendance of the members, including Mrs Greenwood, Mrs Hoster, Messrs A. E. Morton, G. W. Lambert, and T. E. Catley. The report gave an interesting resume of the steps taken to form the Section. The Incorporated Phonographic Society had had the question forced upon them for some time, teachers and practitioners of typewriting in all parts of the country pressing upon the Society the need for such a step being taken. The National Union of Typists was approached, and that body expressed its willingness to become incorporated with the proposed Typists' Section. A provisional committee was appointed, consisting of prominent members of both bodies, the result being that the Section was constituted with an influential committee and examining board, Sir H. Trueman Wood, M.A., Secretary to the Society of Arts, accepting the position of President. The Section now consisted of sixty members in addition to the Liverpool District recently formed, and the number of entries received from Glasgow had suggested to two of its energetic members there the desirability of at once forming a District for that part of Scotland. The first examination was held on 28th March, twenty-one candidates sitting, and arrangements had been made to hold another on 18th July at any centre where candidates offered themselves. Through the generosity of one of the members of the committee, medals were awarded to two candidates at the last examination for the excellence of their work, and it was hoped that the Section would be able to continue these or similar rewards on future occasions. The financial statement showed a balance in hand of £6 5s. 8d., or a surplus of over £3 when all liabilities had been discharged. This, considering the naturally heavy expenses for printing, etc., unavoidable in a young society, must be considered satisfactory. A list of recommended charges for typewriting work had been issued, four lectures had been delivered, all attended by large and interested audiences, and the committee considered that the work so far done in furtherance of the objects aimed at had been pursued with encouraging results. The committee regretted that three members of the examining board had felt it necessary to retire from their positions. Mr Morton's approaching departure from London would not, however, lessen his interest in the Section, and in his new sphere in the north they had his assurance that they might rely upon any help which he was able to give them In consideration of the work Mr Morton had done to further the interests of typists and to raise the standard of work, the committee had decided to offer him the first honorary Fellowship of the Section, subject to confirmation by the Council. In conclusion, the committee desired to express their most sincere thanks to Mrs Hoster for her ever ready help in many ways, and felt itself most fortunate in being associated with one who showed in so practical a manner her deep personal interest in the work of the Section. It was hoped that continued or increased zeal would be shown by all the members during the coming year, so that the objects they had in view might be accomplished with benefit to all. This result would depend to a great extent upon the members themselves. The Chairman, in moving the adoption of the report and accounts, thought that the members had reason to congratulate themselves on such a satisfactory state of affairs. This motion, seconded by Mr Lambert, and supported by Mr Catley, was carried unanimously, it being remarked that the first report and accounts of the Section compared very favourably with those of other similar associations. The officers for the ensuing year were then elected as follows:-President, Sir H. Trueman Wood, M.A.; VicePresidents, Lady Battersea, Mrs Arthur Stannard (John Strange Winter), Mrs Greenwood, Mr P. Dawes, Mr A. I. Wright (late President N.U. Typists). Committee, Miss H. C. Gordon, Mrs Hoster, Misses A. M. Kent, Kinloch, and E. Mitchell, Messrs J. W. Poole (Chairman), G. W. Lambert (Vice-Chairman), T. E. Catley (Treasurer), G. F. Akhurst, C. H. Kirton, A. E. Manton, A. S. Reeves, and A. Ward. Secretary, Mr G. Colebourn, 151 Second avenue, Manor Park, Essex. The proceedings concluded with votes of thanks to the Chairman, Secretary, and other officials. The Chairman, in replying, paid a warm tribute to the work of the Secretary, who he felt sure could not possibly have any leisure time for himself, and the excellence of the report deserved special recognition. The Secretary expressed his pleasure at being invited to continue the work. It was a congenial task, and he hoped the coming year would indicate continued progress in the work of the Section. LEGAL TERMS, PHRASES, AND FOR TYPISTS, AND SHORTHAND AND OTHER BY THE AUTHOR OF "ELEMENTARY LAW FOR SHORTHAND CLERKS AND TYPISTS." III. TERMS USED IN LITIGATION. NOTE. In reading the articles in this section, it must be borne in mind that the more common terms used in the High Court of Justice have already been dealt with in the series entitled "Elementary Law," and that the explanations given in that series are not intended to be repeated in the present series. Attachment.-There are two kinds of Attachmentattachment of persons and attachment of property. Attachment of a person is a form of punishment for contempt of court, which may be shown in various ways. One of the commonest takes the form of refusal or neglect to obey an order made by the court. The defaulter is "attached when he is taken into custody by the sheriff and lodged in gaol. The sheriff acts on the authority of a writ, which is only issued where there is clear evidence of contempt. To obtain leave to issue such a writ various preliminaries are necessary. The order directing to be done the particular act which it is complained that the person in default has failed to do must have been served on him, and served personally. A proper and carefully drawn notice of the motion for a writ of attachment must be served, and conclusive evidence by affidavit must be filed in support of the application, and a copy of the affidavit evidence must be served with the notice of motion. The matter is then brought on in court on motion day, both sides being entitled to be heard. If the court considers the contempt to be proved and thinks that the gravity of the offence calls for punishment, it will direct a writ of attachment to issue. It should be pointed out here that there is an analogous procedure which is very often confounded with this, and is so far as its effect upon the person in default not practically dissimilar. This is what is known as committal for contempt. Attachment strictly so-called is effected by the sheriff under the authority of a writ issued by leave of the court and directed to him. Committal does not involve a writ and is not carried out by the sheriff. The judge in court orders committal on a proper application supported by sufficient evidence, ánd the tipstaff takes into custody the person so committed. There is a decision'in which it was laid down that committal is the proper remedy for doing a prohibited act, and attachment the proper remedy for neglecting to do some act ordered to be done. But it is impossible to say that the distinction is strictly observed in the present day. Applications for attachment or for committal for contempt of court, being applications to deprive a man of his liberty, have to be supported by very strong evidence, and failure to comply strictly with all the requirements of the Rules of Court concerning such applications, results nearly always in the application being dismissed with costs. Therefore, whichever procedure is adopted as most suitable in any particular case is seldom resorted to except after a considered opinion has been obtained from counsel with all the facts before him. FORM OF WRIT OF ATTACHMENT. [Title of Suit.] Edward the Seventh by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the seas King Defender of the Faith To the Sheriff of [Kent] greeting We command you to attach A. B. so as to have him before us in the [Chancery] Division of our High Court of Justice wheresoever the said court shall then be there to answer to us as well touching a contempt which he it is alleged hath committed against us as also such other matters as shall be then and there laid to his charge and further to perform and abide such order as our said court shall make in this behalf And hereof fail not and bring this writ with you Witness Hardinge Stanley Earl of Halsbury Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain the 21st day of January 1903 Indorsement: This writ was issued by Smith and Jones of 189 Chancery Lane London solicitors for the plaintiff who resides at Brighton road Sutton in the County of Surrey and was issued pursuant to order dated the 19th day of January 1903 for such default as is therein mentioned not being a default in payment of money [N.B.-Where the default is in respect of payment of money the fact has to be stated and certain other particulars added as required in accordance with the Debtor's Act 1869] Attachment of Money or Property.-When the plaintiff in an action has obtained judgment against the defendant, and the latter fails to make payment of the amount of the judgment debt and costs, several courses are open to the judgment creditor where the defendant has means out of which payment can be made. If he has or is believed to have furniture or other goods capable of immediate seizure and sale, execution is issued. As to this, see under the heading "Fieri Facias." There is also procedure by judgment summons, under which, on evidence of means, an order will be made for payment by a specified date, or by definite instalments payable at the expiration of successive fixed periods, failure to obey such an order involving liability to committal to prison for contempt of court. But in addition to these remedies there are others available, which, however, are not usually resorted to unless the defendant possesses no goods on which a levy can be made, or an ordinary execution having been issued has proved to be fruitless. There may be money owing to the defendant by a third person. In that case the money can be appropriated in satisfaction or part satisfaction of the judgment creditor's claim. In other words, the money may be attached, or taken in execution. This is effected by a special form of proceedings explained under the heading "Garnishee." If, instead of money owing to him, there is property in respect of which the rents are receivable by the defendant, that property can be attached, or the rents can be collected by a receiver whom the court will appoint, so that the income may be applied in satisfaction of the judgment debt. This will be more fully explained under the heading "Elegit." (To be continued. Commenced in No. 1.) £ s. d. £323 0 17 19 4 33 6 7 4 2 6 81 3 9 Liabilities. £ s. d. 26 4 3 3426 18 16 39 7 52 I 76 15 9 To Bills payable 4392 O O Sundry creditors 1782 o Warner and Co. 265 O Walker and Co. 200 Outstanding a/c H. Green's 86 23 50 92770 54660 £323 O Cr. Assets. £ s. d.. 90 50 O Watson and Co. T. Thomas 250 O O' £8431 O' O' INTERNATIONAL AUXILIARY LANGUAGE. Doctor Zamenhof, the originator of Esperanto, was born in the district of Grodno, in Russia. There were four distinct nationalities in this locality, Russians, Germans, Poles, and Jews, and constant discords arose through their inability to understand one another. It was this lack of harmony which caused the thoughtful child to commence thinking of some means whereby matters could be improved. Thus began the slow process of evolving a language, so constructed as to present the least difficulty to mankind in general. The fundamental principles of this language are as follows: (i) phonetic spelling; (ii.) absolute regularity, no exceptions. exist to any of its rules; (iii) a simple vocabulary. Students of shorthand will have but little difficulty in mastering the first of these points. The second is a wonderful advance over any of the natural languages, which all teem with irregularities. The third aim was attained by using an unchangeable root, and adding suffixes to indicate the part of speech. Thus all nouns end in -o in the singular, -oj in the plural (this j is sounded just like y). All adjectives end in -a, adverbs in -e, present infinitives in -i, present indicatives in -as, past in -is, future in -os, conditional in -us, and imperative in -u. This is almost all the grammar to learn! Various suffixes are used to indicate shades of meaning, such as -eg- and -et-, which are augmentative and diminutive respectively. All opposites are formed by prefixing mal to the positive, thus, bona, good; malbona, evil; whereas in English one has to learn two distinct words. In is the suffix for the feminine, thus, patro, patrino mean father and mother. By these and other easily acquired devices the language is made most simple to learn, easy to remember, and pleasant to hear. It should have a great future before it. Dr Zamenhof writes, "Mi esperas ke Anglujo okupos la unuan lokon en la afero Esperanta." Count Tolstoy says, In two hours I taught myself to read the language." Can you do likewise ? H. BOLINGBROKE MUDIE, Hon. Secretary Esperanto Club. 67 Kensington Gardens square, London, W. PRIZE COMPETITION RESULT. Prize of 5s. in cash for the best page of actual reporting notes, accompanied by longhand transcript. 1.-Miss G. Hobbs, 38 Westmount road, Eltham. BUSINESS LETTERS IN FRENCH. 24 Chancery Lane, Londres, W.C., Monsieur et cher Confrère, Comme l'expiration des délais doit avoir lieu le 314, il serait peut-être nécessaire de procéder immédiatement à l'estimation des meubles15 à demeure fixes, conformément à l'article 7 du Cahier des Charges. Dans ce but16, mon client a requis MM. Smith et Jones, Cheapside, de le représenter dans Îa dite estimation. Veuillez avoir l'obligeance d'informer les représentants du Vendeur de1 se mettre en rapport avec ces Messieurs. La dite opération nel sera naturellement valable qu'autant quel la validité des titres aura été dûment établie. Agréez, Monsieur et cher Collègue, l'assurance de mes meilleurs sentiments. WILLIAM JAMES STIFF. T. B. BLUNT, Esq., Lincoln's Inn. I from; 2 the solicitor; 3 the purchaser; 4 immovable property, house; 5 Sir and Dear Professional Brother (compare the curt English); 6 acting; 7 in the; 8..8 as authorized by; 9 situated; 10..10 I proceed to request you to; II..II the abstract of title; 12 above mentioned, aforesaid; 13 time allowed; 14 current, instant; 15..15 fixtures; 16.. 16 with this object; 17..17 to put themselves into communication with; 18..18 will not, of course, be valid unless and until. LETTRE DE L'AVOUE DU VENDEUR. Monsieur et cher Confrère, Les représentants de mon client ne sont autres que les Auctioneers qui ont vendu l'immeuble en question; je les ai informés d'avoir10 à 10 se mettre en rapport avec les personnes nommées votre lettre. Recevez, Monsieur et cher Confrère, l'assurance de ma considération distinguée. W. J. STIFF, Esq. T. B. BLUNT. 1..1 here included, herewith; 2..2 abstract of title; 3 situated; 4..4 first three (not, three first); 5 following. next; that, viz., the possession: 7 private office; 8..8 one may consult them, they may be seen; 9..9 are not other than ie., simply are, or, are only; 10..10 to have to, that they must, that they ought. FOREIGN COMMERCIAL EXERCISES. ENGLISH VERSION OF LAST WEEK'S EXERCISE. SPANISH. 90. THE LOCUST IN AZUAGA Supposing the Minister of Agriculture to be the one least distracted by electoral questions, and that this circumstance will allow him to devote all his time to the affairs of his own department, we take the liberty of calling the attention of the Marques del Vedillo to a matter of very great importance to the region of Estremadura. Apart from the disasters already caused among the crops by the long continued drought, the constant threatening of the locust is making the harassed farmers strive on every occasion to prevent the arrival of this terrible plague. In the district of the Amagos the losses which the abovementioned insect causes are enormous, and this in addition to the fact that the taxpayers are making no inconsiderable sacrifices in order to exterminate it, to such an extent indeed, that in the present year they have purchased and destroyed more than twenty thousand arrobas (about 25 lbs. each) of cane (supposed to contain eggs and larvæ). This is not sufficient Señor Minister, and if in a short time the gasoline necessary to complete the campaign of destruction is not supplied, all that has been done will be completely without satisfactory result, and the terrible insect will set to work to consume the crops of the few fields that may otherwise be satisfactory. As the Minister of Agriculture can avoid this by sending down now, which is the suitable time, the necessary gasoline, we trust that he will not neglect to do so, avoiding by this means the ruin and desperation of not a few of the farmers of that district.-Heraldo de Madrid. FRENCH. 91. THE ALCOHOL QUESTION. On the other hand, it is very rarely, except in the case of kirch and the very best brandies made from wine, that an alcoholic liquor goes directly to the consumer; moreover, in the case of kirch and brandies of special cultivation, much time is necessary for acquiring the qualities imparted by age, and also particular attention. In the case of the other alcohols, neutral or not-but hygienic, since we suppose that these latter alone have the right to be distributed-we must, in order to reach the consummation of the hygienic idea, make visits to the premises of the distiller or the perfumer. Now, in order to be sure that hygienic regulations are observed in their entirety, as well as to secure the interests of the Monopoly, we see the State compelled to follow to the end all these transformations into " liqueur," all these storings to acquire age, in order to safeguard the monopoly of hygienic sale. Again, behold it under the obligation, in order to satisfy the wishes of the partisans of the Monopoly, under the pretext of public health, to expropriate in the same way the makers of liqueurs in private establishments or in convents, the makers of perfumes, the immense warehouses of Cognac and Armagnac ! Because, if the State does not follow the alcohol right up to the moment of sale, the control in the interests of public health is illusory, and then, for the purposes of such sale, behold all the retailers of drinks transformed into functionaries of state, and then we see the State in all its hideousness in its assumed capacity of drink vendor. The mere possibility of being led from this premiss to similar hypothetical conclusions demonstrates the absurdity of wishing to establish the monopoly of alcohol in France, not only from the public health point of view, which may be reasonably satisfied by a simple completion of the present system of inspection, but also for the good of the Treasury. For this last requirement alone it is indispensably necessary, as was remarked by the Journal des Contributions indirectes, that the Government monopoly should be able to put its hand upon the alcohol at the moment of its production. In another article to appear shortly we shall examine the value of the differential tax.-L'Echo du Commerce. WHEN SHORTHAND WAS NOT USED.-Referring to his experiences of the Parliamentary Gallery, Charles Knight, in his " Passages of a Working Life," observes "In not writing shorthand I have no inferiority to the experienced men around me; for I observe that very few have acquired or at any rate employ that useful art. The debates of 1812 were not expected to be reported so fully as in more recent times Often members complained that their sayings were misrepresented. Such complaints were generally met by a disposition on the part of the House to punish the offender."' There was once on a time a king and queen who had an only son. They were very fond of him, though he was far from handsome, for he was as fat as an alderman and as short as a dwarf. But his ugly looks were of small account compared with the malice of his mind. He was as stubborn as a mule, and made all about him miserable. The king saw the faults of his son (who was given the name of Furibond), but in the eyes of the queen he was quite perfect. When the heir to the throne had reached an age at which he needed a teacher, the king appointed a prince to be his tutor who also had an only son, named Eric, a youth of good manners and parts, on whose education he had taken great pains. The king told his son to obey his tutor in all that he was asked to do, but the young heir apparent was so stubborn that though he had many floggings they had no effect on him. The other youth, the tutor's son, was loved by all about him. Furibond one day got into a great rage, and when he had seized Eric by the head and torn out a lot of his hair, he ordered him not to appear in his presence again. The tutor, offended by the way in which his son had been treated, sent him to a castle he had in the country. One day Eric went into a little wood near by that he might enjoy the shade, for it was in the summer time. He sat down and began to play his flute, when he found a big adder trying to climb up his leg. With his pocket-handkerchief he held the head of the reptile, and would have killed it, but looking closely at it, it seemed to him that it begged for mercy. One of the gardeners told him to hold it fast, for he had been an hour in search of the creature to kill it Eric made answer that since the man had been on the look out for it, it had taken refuge with him, and he meant to protect it. So he took the adder to his room and gave it milk and food. All the ladies of the court were sorry at the absence of Fric, and were very much put out to think that it had been brought about by the wicked Furibond. When he heard of this, the prince got into a great rage, and went to the queen to beg her to find some means of having his hated rival killed. The queen replied that she would readily do all in her power to bring about his death. She told her son to go hunting in that part of the country to which the tutor had sent his son. (To be continued) |