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PITMAN'S SHORTHAND CERTIFICATES.

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The following Certificates are issued :— THIRD CLASS OR ELEMENTARY CERTIFICATE, for thorough knowledge of the " Phonographic Teacher"; "Shorthand Primer, Book I."; or 20th Cent. 'Manual or "Instructor," as far as Chap. xvii. Fee 6d Every student after having worked through the "Teacher" is recommended to test his knowledge by applying for this Certificate. SECOND CLASS OR THEORY CERTIFICATE, for a thorough knowledge of the 20th Cent. "Manual"; or Instructor," Chaps. i-xxvi. ; or "Shorthand Primer, Book II." Fee 2s. FIRST CLASS OR SPEED CERTIFICATE. Speed Certificates are granted for 60 words per minute and upwards. Fee Is. 6d. FULL CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY.-When a Second Class Certificate and a First Class Certificate for 80 words have been obtained, a Full Certificate is issued, certifying that the holder has a thorough theoretical and practical knowledge of Phonography. Fee Is.

Forms of Application for the above Certificates, containing full particulars, can be had gratis and post-free from any of the Offices of Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.

NOTICES.

Each Notice should be written on one side only of a separate piece of paper. Every Notice under the head of Correspondence must give full name and address.

Correspondents are requested to write their address clearly in ordin ary longhand. If they wish to receive replies in Phonography, a star should be attached to the name; thus, John Smith.*

Notices of all kinds must reach Bath at least eleven days before the date of the Journal for which they are intended.

Every communication addressed to the Editor of this Journal must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer.

Exercises Corrected Gratis (enclose stamped and addressed envelope)by
Burke Miss E. M., 1 Foxton villa, Richmond, Surrey
Nunn T. Louis, 285 Dewsbury rd., Leeds

[27] [26]

Correspondence, etc. 1d. per line of ten words. Bristol. Advertiser wishes to meet phonographer in this district for mutual speed practice. Morgan, 11 Cavendish rd., Westbury-on-Trym. Shorthand and Typewriting.-Young man wishes for private lessons in above at teacher's residence after 8.30 p.m., near London Bridge, T. Fuller, 147 Borough High st, London, S.E.

French Swiss gentleman engaged in the City wants to meet with phonographer living at or near Finsbury Park to exchange lessons in speed and dictation for French lessons; could teach also German or Italian. Write Sauser, 51 Hornsey Rise, London, N.

Pictorial post cards exchange desired, longhand or shorthand; prompt replies to all; actresses preferred. John Howard, Chase Heys, Churchtown, Southport.

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Colonial, foreign, or artistic cards desired only. Miss Vivian Maxwell MacGregor, St Ronans, Morton st., Joppa, Portobello, Edinburgh.

Pictorial post cards. Cash offers required. Splendid album, containing 100 beautiful unused cards, value i3s 6d. F. Halmshaw, 13 Harvey rd., Hornsey, London, N.

Pictorial post card correspondence invited. Shorthand or longhand. Heraldic cards preferred. Fred Ingham, junr., 116 Clarendon st., Hull. Up-to-date cards posted in London, three stamps, or will exchange. Only good cards acknowledged. F. K. Rowe, 43 Gt. Ormond st., London, W.C.

Associations. 1d. per line of ten words.

Phonetic Shorthand Writers' Association (London District I.P.S.). The Arcadian Restaurant, 8 Queen st., Cheapside. The principal Shorthand Association in the kingdom. Meetings held every Thursday evening from 7 to 10. Regular speed practice conducted at various rates by experienced phonographers. Lectures by well-known shorthand writers; discussions, etc. Speed examinations held periodically. Centre for Society of Arts shorthand examination and for Pitman's medal competitions. (Members sit at these examinations and at the I.P.S. Teacher's Exam. at reduced fees.) Shorthand library and other advantages. Fees, inoluding speed practice, 10s 6d per annum or 38 per quarter. All phonographers (ladies or gentlemen) are eligible for membership. Prospectus, with full particulars, on application to Secretary, H. J. Cork, 2 Reedholm road, Stoke Newington, London, N. [34]

Typists' Section, I.P.S. (the N.U. of Typists is incorporated with this Section). Examinations for teachers and typists, lectures, demonstrations, discussions, employment bureau, advice on typewriting matters, etc. Annual subscription, 5s; members of I.P.S., 3s 6d. Rules, Examination Syllabus, Forms of Application, etc., from the Hon. Sec., Geo. Colebourn, F.I.P.S., 151 Second ave., Manor Park, Essex. Next examination 18th July. Copies of last papers is per set. [30]

Evercirculators and Libraries. id. per line of ten words.

An evercirculator is a manuscript phonographic magazine, consisting cf articles written by the individual members, one member acting as conductor. The book passes round, and each round members contribute an article and remarks, or take part in the discussion. A leaflet containing further particulars forwarded from the Phonetic Institute, Bath, on receipt of id stamp.

[x] Evercirculator paper in three varieties, of superior quality, five quires

Is 6d; headings and title-pages, 3d per doz. ; covers, cloth is, leather is 6d. Samples for id. Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd. [x] The best Library is the Telegraph, established ten years, circulating all the magazines, including Australian magazine; quarterly subscription Is 3d; always vacancies, particulars stamp. Conductor, J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London.

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The 20th Century Commercial Library, over 160 books available for the use of members. Shorthand, typewriting, French, German, Spanish, and commercial books, together with copies of all English and foreig, shorthand magazines. Subscription one penny per week. Splendid opportunity of studying large selections of works at a small cost. Full particulars for stamp. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. 33 Second-hand Books, Shorthand or Phonetic for Sale, or Exchange, or Wanted, id. per line of ten words; Miscellaneous Books, 3d. per line. 57 Phonetic Journals, including last volume, good reading practice. Post-free 2s 6d, or nearest offer. E., c/o Jones, Glanmorfa cottage, Carnarvon.

Wanted, 20th Century Instructor. Morgan, 11 Cavendish rd., Westburyon-Trym, Bristol.

Pitman's Shorthand Instructor and Key, 1901 edition, equal new, 3s; also 38 6d stylographic pen, filler, and leather case for two pens, 2s, postfree. Walter Dodds, 22 Suffolk st., underland

Out of print: Pitman's Shorthand Weekly, vol. 1. Can supply a copy in plain binding, good condition, for 6s. Lutman, 99 Greenwood rd., Hackney Downs.

Exchange vols. 60 and 61 Fhonetic Journal and 37 odd nos, for I bound vol. Reporters' Journal in good condition, or sell the lot, is 7d worth, take 3s. F. Shaw, Watergate, Methley, nr. Leeds.

Post-free, Narrative of Pilgrim's Progress, cloth, 9d; Business Correspondence in Shorthand, also Key, together is; Little Things of Nature, 4d; Gleanings from Popular Authors, 10d; Progressive Studies, 1884, 6d, 1893, 9d; Manual, also Key, together 9d; Pitman's Shorthand Instructor, 25; Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 4d; No. 1, 2, 3, and 4 Reed's Quarterly Review pub. Is cach), Is 6d the lot; 4 Shorthand Writers, 6 Reporters' Journals, 3 Reporters! Magazines, and 2 Phonographers, is lot. James Barrow, 116 Robinson st., Werneth, Oldham.

For sale, Little Things of Nature, cloth, Reporting Style, 8d; Parkyn's Illustrated Shorthand Monthly, vol. 1, cloth, Is 6d; Phonographic Dictionary, new cloth, 2s 6d; Pitman's Commercial Law, cloth, new, is 6d; Pitman's French Grammar, new, is; Foreign Languages Made Easy, vol. 1, Is; Pitman's French Weekly, illustrated, cloth, like new, is 9d; 50 loose numbers, consecutive, Is 9d; 4 vols. Pitman's Shorthand Weekly, unbound (19 to 22), 4s, or is 3d each; Hints on Teaching Phonography, cloth, 1s; Early History of Shorthand, cloth, 8d; The Newspaper World, cloth, 8d. Webster, 5 Albion st., Morley (Yorks).

Boy's Own Annual (bound), 1901, 3s; Popular Elocutionist and Reciter (Warne), Is 6d. V. B., 22 Rochester ter., London. N. W.

For sale, Esop's Fables, 3d; Tom Brown's Schooldays, 8d; Gleanings from Popular Authors, 9d; Vicar of Wakefield, 8d; Phonography in the Office, 9d; Shorthand Letter Writer with Key, 6d; The Shorthand Clerk (ord. print), 6d: Legend of Sleepy Hollow, 3d; vol. 20 P.S.W., well bound, Is; P. P. Journal (bound), 1902, Is 6d; Remington Typewriter Manual, 9d. V. B., 22 Rochester ter., London, N.W.

To clear, Swan No. 1, 7s 6d; Pitman's Reporter with Key, Is 6d; Manual with Key, Is; Phonography in the Office, 9d; Shorthand Speed Tests, 2d; High Speed in Shorthand. 4d; Merchant of Venice, Is; 12 Phonetic Journals, 1903; 44, 1899, IS 3d; 12s 63 the lot, or what offers for any of the above (all good condition)? P., 77 Antill rd., Bow, London. All post-free:--Holy Bible, Old and New Testaments, in one vol., lithographed in Phonography by Isaac Pitman, 1867, in the Corresponding Style, morocco, gilt, nice clean copy, ros. Book of Common Prayer. lithographed in Phonography by T. A. Reed, 1853, morocco, gilt, good condition, Is 9d. The Phonographic Examiner, vol. 3, 1855, half-bound, clean, neat, IS. Manual of Phonography, roth edition 1860, clean copy, 8d. Progressive Studies in Phonography, 1887, neat, 6d. Phonetic Journals, 1886-1890, unbound, very clean, is 4d per vol. (1890, 1 short, is 2d). Jabez Dixon, I Chandler row, Shiney row, Fence Houses, Durham.

What offers? Shorthand Weekly, vols. 9. 10, 11, 12, bound, publishers' cases. Phonetic Journal, 1898, 1899, bound, publishers' cases; 1900 and 1901, unbound, with publishers' cases. Excellent condition. S. W. Evans, 28 Lutener rd., Midhurst. [27]

Books worth buying, good condition, Is 6d each, post-free. Phonographic Quarterly Review, vol. 2; Book of Common Prayer, in roan, gilt edges, covers slightly soiled; Reed's Reporters' Guide; Pitman's Reporters' Reading Book, with key in longhand, marked for speed practice; Reporters' Hand-book and Vade Mecum; Phonography adapted to French, number of copies of each for sale; Tom Brown's Schooldays in Shorthand given away with any three; the seven books for 8s, sent abroad for 9s 6d. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. [26] Thousands of books and magazines (shorthand) for sale, all good condition. If you require anything, you cannot do better than drop me a line, with stamp, stating requirements, and I can meet them. J H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. [27]

Reading practice for the coming holidays, etc. 6s. worth shorthand magazines in new condition, all different, post-free is 6d, sent any part of the world for money order for 2s; splendid and unequalled value. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. [27] For sale, few copies of Oliver McEwan's Verbatim Reporting, post-free, Is Id. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S E. [26]

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.-This Journal may be ordered through any Bookseller, Newsagent, or Railway Bookstall, or by post direct from the Publishers. The terms to all parts of the world are 1s. 8d. per quarter; 3s. 3d. per half year; or 6s. 6d. per year, payable ia advance. Subscriptions may commence with any number. Monthly part, 5d., post-free 7d.; terms of subscription same as above,

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There is nothing more depressing than to feel that one's efforts are being largely wasted. Yet that feeling comes inevitably to the teacher who realizes that the classes to which he is expected to give instruction, whether it be in shorthand or in any other subject, contain too many pupils for him to attend properly to them all. A man can lecture before an audience num

bering hundreds. He may please his audience and send them home satisfied and delighted with the address they have heard. Every one of his numerous hearers may leave the lecture hall profoundly convinced that he has had his knowledge extended, his sympathies widened, his intellectual outlook expanded. But if those hearers could be subjected to an examination on the details of the lecture, and on the application of the principles laid down by the lecturer, there can be not the slightest doubt that a vast amount of imperfect apprehension, and of complete misapprehension would be disclosed. Max Müller once confessed that the questions put to him after lectures that he had taken extraordinary pains to make as clear as possible were enough to fill him with despair. Not only was he misunderstood, but hearers were found who supposed him to mean precisely the reverse of that which he had distinctly said. The lecturer is, however, under no obligation to see that everybody who hears him understands him or is indeed in possession of any real capacity for understanding him. Having delivered himself he must leave his message to bear such fruit as is possible in the case of each individual hearer. With the teacher things are

different. It is his business to see that every one of his pupils without exception does understand him. Where any one of them clearly misunderstands him, he must by repetition, by fresh illustration, by precept and example, drive home the rule, the principle, the method he has been trying to enforce. He is obliged to take into account individual peculiarities, and, therefore, to study carefully every individual whom he instructs, to watch the progress of his pupils one by one, and adapt his instruction to their individual needs. If he is to do this in other words, if he is to teach fruitfully—his classes must be of moderate dimensions. No two minds are alike, no two human beings have at any given moment reached precisely the same point in mental culture, nor are any two human beings on exactly the same level as regards mental capacity. Therefore teaching cannot be conducted satisfactorily on any wholesale plan.

All this sounds like a truism, and it is a truism. But because it is a truism it is very often forgotten. Too frequently in these days, though, perhaps, on the whole somewhat less frequently than a generation ago—the teacher finds himself placed in charge of huge classes that he can only talk to, but can never instruct in any real and worthy sense of that word. Even now one hears of classes of eighty or a hundred pupils assembled at one time to take a lesson in such a subject as shorthand. The task is really a hopeless one, and it is to be condemned quite as much in the interests of the teacher as of the pupils. Their work cannot be supervised. Their progress cannot be watched with the care that is necessary if they are to succeed. The teacher may entrust the correction of exercises to skilful subor. dinates, and those subordinates may do that part of the work conscientiously and well. But the teacher has not in his own hands the whole of the strings. He cannot tell what impression his teaching is making on the majority of those for whose benefit it is given. He cannot see where it would be advisable to cry halt, he cannot judge where it would be well to go back and teach over again some rule or principle that has been imperfectly grasped by a section of the class. In a word, he cannot take that intensely personal interest in every individual pupil that is the secret of all successful teaching. The effect on the pupils is necessarily bad. They may go astray without knowing it. And the effect on the teacher is apt to be bad also. He is in danger of becoming callous or indifferent as to the result of his tuition. He has given his lessons carefully enough according to his contract; it is impossible for him to see what are the results of his teaching; and in time he is likely to reach the stage at which he will not care what those results are. It is a bad thing for the teacher to reach that stage: and in any event the system of large classes leads necessarily to wasted labour, and to unsatisfactory results. In an ideal state

of things, perhaps, we shall abolish class teaching altogether. Meanwhile, it would be a good thing if some general understanding could be got to prevail that no class should exceed twenty or five and twenty pupils. Such an understanding is worth working for.

Our prize competitions will be suspended from the present time till September next.

In the Public Schools of New York shorthand has been made an elective study for the last year.

In his series of Secondary Education Text Books, Mr Murray promises a volume on Mercantile Law by Mr Sidney Humphries, the Principal of the City of London College.

Mr J. Breeze, F.IP.S, has removed to Slaney street, Oakengates, Salop, where he will continue to give private tuition in shorthand, book-keeping, and office routine. He will visit Shrewsbury and Wellington as usual.

From Axim, on the Gold Coast, we have received on behalf of the Appolonian natives a letter of appreciation of the advantages of Pitman's Shorthand, accompanied by an interesting photograph of some African phonographers and their friends. The many uses of the art appear to be highly appreciated by the native Christians.

Mr C. H. Gilby, F.I P.S (honours), principal of Gilby's Commercial College, 150 Worcester street, Christchurch, New Zealand, has issued a new prospectus which furnishes abundant evidence of the success attendant on the efforts of competent instructors and diligent students. Mr Gilby's watchword is "Thorough," and it is a well-chosen one.

A very considerable number of our readers who have availed themselves of the facilities of the Pelman System of Memory Training, 4 Bloomsbury street, London, W C, will be interested to learn that the Pelman School has now opened a new branch at Lynn Buildings, Durban, Natal, for the benefit of South African students and business men.

It was reported at a recent meeting of the Executive of the National Union of Teachers that 4,050 candidates had entered for the Commercial Examinations in 1903 as compared with 2,900 in 1902, being a net gain of 1.150. In some of the principal subjects the increases were stated to be as under: Book-keeping, from 1,100 in 1902 to 1,437 in 1903; shorthand, 554 to 844; French, 326 to 488; commercial arithmetic, 342 to 380; typewriting, 159 to 324; commercial correspondence, 172 to 187.

Mr William Southern, of Leamington, has been unanimously elected an Honorary Life Member of the Incorporated Phonographic Society. Mr W. Findley, hon. secretary of the Midland District of the Teachers' Section of the I.P.S., in making the announcement to Mr Southern wrote: " This action would have taken place earlier, but we had a doubt as to the District having the power to do so. Knowing as I do the work you have performed in the phonographic world, it affords me gratification to be the means of communicating this honour."

Business Life for July contains useful guidance to aspirants on how to get to "the top in financial and commercial houses, and information relative to a great number of desirable vacancies with wealthy banking firms, leading daily papers, high class weekly journals, large stock brokers, merchants, shippers, etc. It is announced that the next issue will contain a most interesting and important interview with Mr B. de Bear, Principal of Pitman's Metropolitan School, on his recent American educational tour.

Mr J. Melville, M I.P.S., has removed to 48 Highfield road, Barrow-in-Furness, where he has improved accommodation for pupils, and can receive students at any stage.

An interesting feature in connection with the recent Joint Conference at Sheffield was the presentation of the Sir Isaac Pitman silver medal for 150 words per minute to a member of the Salford S.W.A. and former student at the Pendleton

Higher Grade Commercial Evening School. The presentation was made by the retiring President of the National Federation, Mr E. Helm, and the recipient was Mr A. H. Gilbertson. The competition was an open one, and the test was prepared by Mr E. J. Cross, vice-president of the I.S.S.T., and examiner in business routine for the Lancashire and Cheshire Union of Institutes, and was read by Mr J. Berry, chairman of the East Lancashire District of the National Federation.

Mr E. W. Billingham F. Inc. S. T., honours diploma I.P.S., has removed his School of Shorthand and Typewriting to Gymnasium Buildings, Abington street, Northampton, more room being urgently needed on account of large increase of students, there having been rapid grov. th each session. The new quarters are admirably adapted to the increasing requirements of the School, being conveniently situated, and furnished with all the latest appliances for teaching, and the newest models of standard typewriters. Mr Billingham has issued a new prospectus which is a model of excellently prepared and well-arranged guidance relative to tuition and instruction books, and includes a variety of other matter of interest and value to those seeking information about the twin arts.

The prospectus has been issued of Dr H. S. Williams's magnificently illustrated "History of the Art of Writing' (Merrill and Baker, London and New York). This great work is the outgrowth of a long-cherished plan, in the accomplishment of which Dr Williams has had the assistance of many of the most famous palæographists in Europe. The work begins with the dawn of picture writing, and is brought down to our own time. Coloured illustration: are given of the most famous inscriptions of all ages, and Tironian notes are illustrated by a large facsimile of a page of the Tironian Lexicon. It is interesting to note that Dr Williams is an Isaac Pitman writer, and that he is assisted in his editorial labours by another phonographer, Mr Dudley W. Walton, who, it will be remembered, some time since left London to take up literary work in New York.

TYPEWRITING NOTES.

The Liverpool Journal of Commerce states that typewriters are coming into general use in Spain, and that there is room for British manufacturers to push business there.

A question has recently been submitted to the Local Government Board as to the power of Guardians to purchase typewriters. The Board decided that it is open to Guardians to make the purchase if they consider that the machine is necessary for the transaction of their business, and that no sanction of the Local Government Board to the purchase is needed.

Authors and those who supply the typist with MS will be interested in Mr G. R. Sims's remarks in Men and Women that for years he has written with a lead pencil. "When the daily output of words is large," he considers, "a pencil is far less tiring than a pen. If you write with a lead pencil and your writing is to be typed or printed, take care to use a paper that has not too shiny a surface." Journalists, it may be noted, write the bulk of their contributions to the press with lead pencil

At the seventh and last monthly dinner of the 1902-1903 session of the London Chamber of Commerce, the subject for discussion was "Woman's Sphere in Business." The chair was taken by Mr Charles Charleton. Mrs Atherton, Mrs Arthur Francis, Mrs Close, and other ladies spoke in regard to various departments of women's work, and Mrs Hoster spoke as to the openings for shorthand and typewriting clerks and foreign correspondents, but emphasized the necessity of a thorough knowledge of the idioms and grammar of the languages learnt.

The Jewish Chronicle recently published a letter from Mr H J. Rogaly, of Port Elizabeth, on prospects in South Africa. "It is true," the writer says, that at the present moment Johannesburg is not very prosperous, and that there are many young men doing very little good in that city, but in the colonial towns, such as Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London, Durban and others, there are always good openings for young men, who are educated sufficiently in ordinary business methods to take positions as salesmen, clerks, shorthand writers and typists; and for smart men who have acted as commercial travellers, there is always a demand, and a brisk one. . . There is no portion of the globe in which there are better chances for success than here, given the necessary qualifications, and most old South Africans now in London can verify this statement. . . There are many who come here with absolutely no knowledge of anything Ask them what they have done at home? The general answer is: 'Oh! At home I was with my father.' Brought any references?' 'No! I did not think they would be necessary!' Such people make an outcry if they do not drop into a billet quickly. Some ability is necessary, if not as much as at home. To-day in this town there is not one shorthand writer or typist of the male sex to be had, despite the advertisement appearing offering a good salary; and girls are earning from 10 to 13 10s. in the same capacity. But they can spell, and put a letter together; certainly there are others not earning so much, but their education is woefully deficient."

PHONOGRAPHY IN NEW YORK.

The superiority of the Isaac Pitman system over its American imitators was strikingly demonstrated on the evening of 28th May, at the Harlem Y.M.C. A. Hall, which was filled to overflowing, the occasion being the second annual gathering of the students of the Harlem Commercial Institute, 67-69 West One Hundred and Twenty Fifth Street, New York. After a program of music and recitations, mostly provided by past and present pupils of the Institute, 109 of the students, chiefly of the feminine sex, received diplomas for proficiency in Phonography, 66 of the certificates also representing proficiency in typewriting, book-keeping, and office work. Two gold medals for honour marks were also awarded, the recipients being Sophia Rabinoff, age 14, graduate and medallist of the Public Grammar School, No. 155. and Jacob Schechter, age 16, graduate of Public Grammar School, No. 22. The presentations were made by the President of the Institute, Dr William Hope, formerly of Glasgow University, a skilled and enthusiastic phonographer who has been as ociated with shorthand work in the United States for the last twenty years. Dr Hope, in the course of his address to the parents, said that the work of the Institute was of a most successful character, although it did not advertise nor offer the inducement of pretending to find positions for finished students. Nevertheless they had found positions for every one of their graduates, for the calls upon them for stenographers from business houses during the eighteen months the Institute had been opened were no less than 3.336. Of these they had picked the best and placed 187 of their own students, in addition to finding positions for 145 stenographers who had been trained elsewhere.

As a recog

nition of his endeavours, Dr Hope was presented by the pupils of 1903 with a silver mounted umbrella.

CIVIL SERVICE NOTES.

BY A CIVIL SERVANT.

The

In addition to the examination for 300 Boy Clerks which will be held on 25th, 26th and 27th August, at London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Bedford, Bristol, Liverpool, Southampton, Aberdeen, Glasgow, Belfast and Cork, there is an examination imminent for Male Learners, G.P.O., London. age limits are 15 to 18, and the subjects and papers are the same as for Female Learners, viz. :-Arithmetic, Orthography, Hand writing, Geography, and English Composition. The papers are, as a rule, simple, and, although the appointment is a permanent, pensionable one, rising to £160 per annum, the competition is not very severe. At a recent examination the first candidate cbtained 86 and the last successful 70 per cent. of maximum marks, 160 candidates competing for 38 vacancies.

A man who knows his geography and can write a fairly good essay, should have very little difficulty in coming to the top. Essay subjects which have been set to Male Learners (two fool cap pages required and valuation based on quality rather than quantity, attention being directed to spelling, punctuation, grammar and style) are:-(1) Write a letter arguing that there are two sides to every question and giving examples; or (2) Discretion of speech is more than eloquence; or (3) Discuss what is the greatest invention of the 19th century.

The examination for Junior Clerk, High Court of Justice, Ireland, on 21st July, will be in the following subjects:- (1) Handwriting and Spelling (with Copying M.S.); (2) English Composition (including Précis); (3) Mathematics (Arithmetic to vulgar and decimal fractions, Algebra to Simple Equations, Euclid I, and II.); (4) English History (including Constitutional); (5) English Language and Literature; (6) Geography, especially British Isles; (7) Law, Elementary Principles (including Brett's Commentaries); (8) Latin; (9) Bookkeeping; (10) Mathematics advanced (Arith. advanced, Algebra to Binomial Theorem, Euclid III IV. and VI., Trigonometry to solution of triangles); (11) French; (12) German; (13) Shorthand. Candidates must satisfy the examiners in subjects 19, and all the subjects 10-13 may be offered but are optional. The examination fee is £3, and the salary is £150 to £300, with further prospects of promotion.

The examination which will attract a few candidates who are too old for the usual Civil Service examinations is that announced for a Clerkship in the Geological Survey Board of Education on 28th August. The age is 22-35, the examination fee 12s. 6d., and the subjects (1) Handwriting and Orthography; (2) English Composition; (3) Catalogue and Index Making; 4) Comparison of copies with originals; (5) Arithmetic, including vulgar and decimal fractions; (6) Geology and Physical Geography; (7) Translation from French or German. The salary is £120 to £200.

The examination for Assistant Surveyor (Engineering and Architecture) Admiralty is, as regards four of the seven subjects, technical and practical. No student who cannot take out quantities from drawings, measure work executed, estimate prices, draw up and examine specifications and contracts, use a chain and superintend levelling operations, need waste time or money in preparing for it. The full regulations can be obtained from the Director of Works, 21 Northumberland avenue, London, W.C.

S.W.A'S. WANTED IN READING AND OXFORD.

Any phonographers in Reading or Oxford interested in the formation of a S.W.A. for either of those towns, are invited to communicate with the Secretary of the South Midland District of the N.F.S.A., Mr W. J. Warren, 10 Grove road, Luton, Beds.

OUR PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR. LEWIS J. CHUDLEY.

In these days even the seaside town-the avowed holiday resort-endeavours, and often with remarkable success, to keep pace with the most modern of modern movements. Shorthand schools, typewriting offices and classes in both subjects, have become part of the regular organized life of such "retreats"-if the word may be permitted. Torquay, the picturesque town on the south coast of a picturesque county, is not behind the times in this respect. In the St Mary Church road is a shorthand and typewriting institute of which Mr Lewis J. Chudley is the principal. At the Torquay School of Art, Phonography is taught, the teacher being Mr Chudley. The town boasts its technical schools at which classes are held in the same subject and are conducted by the same teacher. At St Luke's High School in Torquay, Mr Chudley gives instruction both in shorthand and in book-keeping.

He is a native of Devonshire, having been born at Babbacombe, well known to visitors to Torquay. He was born on 23rd August, 1865, and is the youngest of a family of four. He was educated at Furrough Cross School and St Winnifred's, Torquay. But it was not until he had completed his twenty-third year that he began the study of shorthand. And it happened in this wise. One day, looking at a book belonging to an elder sister, a little volume that she had left lying about, he discovered that it contained an introduction to the art of brief writing.

he was elected a member of the I.P.S. under its then name of the National Phonographic Society.

In the year 1894 he opened his present Shorthand and Typewriting Institute in the St Mary Church road. At this institution instruction is given in shorthand, in typewriting, and in book-keeping, and in connection with the school is a copying office at which typewriting work of every kind is undertaken. Both sides of the Institute's activity have received an amount of practical appreciation that is highly satisfactory-an appreciation that is growing. The office side of the work has brought Mr Chudley into business contact with many wellknown authors, including such men as Lord Dundonald, Mr Allen Upward, and Mr Rudyard Kipling.

Mr Chudley's experience as a teacher has secured

(From a photo by J. C. Dinham, Torquay.)

The book was an old edition of the " Phonographic Teacher." Perusal of it led to more serious study. An interest was soon aroused in the subject; a later edition of the book was procured; and it and other works designed to impart a complete knowledge of the system were in due course mastered. Mr Chudley learnt without the assistance of a teacher, and was highly gratified when in January, 1890, he received the Pitman Proficiency Certificate. He got all the practice he could, and towards the end of the same year he was already giving lessons to his first pupil. In the following year he took up the allied subject of typewriting, which he studied and practised with a good deal of diligence until he attained considerable proficiency as an operator on the writing machine. In October, 1891,

him engagements at the various schools and institutions already mentioned, and thanks to his zeal, many young people in Torquay and the neighbourhood now possess a good knowledge of the "twin arts." Lately Mr Chudley and his sister have purchased an oldestablished stationery business at No. 21 Fleet street, and there conduct a branch of the typewriting business. Typing is becoming a department of the stationery business in many of our large towns, and the heading "manuscripts accurately copied " is tolerably familiar on the announcements calling attention to such establishments. But it is not often that one of the proprietors is himself, as is the case in this instance, an expert operator on the writing machine and a teacher of the subject as well.

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Mr Chudley is not only a shorthand writer and a typist: he is an organist of no little ability. Indeed his chief hobby he affirms to be music. For a period of fourteen years he officiated as organist regularly Sunday after Sunday at the Furrough Cross church at Torquay, and although he has now relinquished that appointment, he still assists occasionally by "taking the organ" at services at Ellacombe church, Torquay, and elsewhere. The demands of a stationery business in one of the principal thoroughfares of the famous Devonshire watering place, serve to fill up the time that is not devoted to the growing needs of an increasing body of students in the three commercial subjects-shorthand, typewriting, and book-keeping.

MARK TWAIN in a recent letter says: "Longhand reports have embittered my life for 30 years. No matter how bad a speech I may make, they make it twice as bad."

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