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NOTICES.

Each Notice should be written on one side only of a separate piece of paper. Every Notice under the head of Correspondence must give full name and address.

Correspondents are requested to write their address clearly in ordinary longhand. If they wish to receive replies in Phonography, a star should be attached to the name; thus, John Smith.*

Notices of all kinds must reach Bath at least eleven days before the date of the Journal for which they are intended.

Every communication addressed to the Editor of this Journal must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer.

Exercises Corrected Gratis (enclose stamped and addressed envelope) by
Cope G. S., Surrey lodge, Queen's rd., South Norwood, London, E.C.
Fooner H., 58 Vallance rd., Bethnal Green, London, N.E.
Halmshaw Frank, North st., Heckmondwike, Yorks.
Lyndridge A W., F.I.P.S., 48 Norfolk avenue, Southend-on-Sea.
Nunn T. Louis, 285 Dewsbury rd., Leeds

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Correspondence, etc. id. per line of ten words. Phonographer desires to meet another for speed practice. A. Sheppard, 14 Carmelite terr, King's Lynn.

Shorthand teacher would like to meet another phonographer for mutual speed practice, or would teach; neighbourhood of Notting Hill. Phono, 64 Lansdowne rd, Holland Park, London, W.

Advertiser wishes to meet phonographer in neighbourhood for mutual speed practice. Address, T. New, 11 Birchington rd., Kilburn, London, N.W.

Correspondence invited in any style of Pitman's system of shorthand. All communications replied to immediately they are received. John Adams, 5 Wilton rd., Colliers Wood, Merton, Surrey.

Correspondence desired in the Reporting Style. Lim Koon Tye (Chinese), c/o Guthrie and Co., Ltd, Singapore. Straits Settlements. 124 Unused pictorial post cards, 44d dozen. F. Halmshaw, North st., Heckmond wike. [21]

Surplus stock of very fine pictorial post cards for disposal, consisting of coloured panorama scenes, crayon cards, etc., 6d per dozen, carriage extra, id each dozen. Jones, 5 Grove rd., Fenton, Staffs

Fred Bean, 164 Loughborough park, Brixton, London, S. W. Pictorial post cards exchanged, correspondence in shorthand or otherwise. No London correspondence. Foreign correspondence a specialité.

Pictorial post card correspondence wanted (London excepted); no coloured cards, views only, longhand. J. D. Fairbourn, 3 Elm villas, Carshalton, Surrey,

Correspondents wanted in all parts of the world; longhand or shorthand. ictorial cards exchanged. H. F. Lindelof, 33 Van Wagenen st., Newark, N.J., U.S.A.

Pictorial post cards.-R. Macfarlane. 22 The Butts, Coventry. Replies guaranteed. Continental and Colonial ones preferred.

Pictorial post cards.-Exchange wanted, shorthand or longhand. ReContinental and Colonial preferred. plies guaranteed. Miss E. A.

Andrews, 9 Radford st., Coventry.

Pictorial post cards.-Correspondence desired, shorthand or longhand, in all parts of the world. Prompt replies. Gordon L. Hickin, c/o P.O. Box 28, New Plymouth, New Zealand. [22] Pictorial post cards.-Correspondence desired (longhand or shorthand). [21] Replies to all. Leonard Hallam, 2 Thornes lane, Wakefield.

Associations. Id. per line of ten words.

Phonetic Shorthand Writers' Association (London District I.P.S.) The Arcadian Restaurant, 8 Queen st., Cheapside.-The principal Shorthand Association in the kingdom. Meetings held every Thursday evening from 7 to 10. Regular speed practice conducted at various rates by experienced phonographers. Lectures by well-known shorthand writers; discussions, etc. Speed examinations held periodically. Centre for Society of Arts shorthand examination and for Pitman's medal competitions. (Members sit at these examinations and at the I.P.S. Teachers' Exam. at reduced fees.) Shorthand library and other advantages. Fees, including speed practice, 10s 6d per annum or 38 per quarter. All phonographers (ladies or gentlemen) are eligible for membership. Prospectus, with full particulars, on application to Secretary, H. J. Cork, 2 Reedholm road, Stoke Newington, London, N.

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Newcastle-on-Tyne. Tyneside Phonographers' Association, Church Institute, Hood street. Speed practice, 40 words per minute and upwards, phonographic library, etc. Excellent for those who have just gone through the text-books. Full particulars, Geo. W. Muir, 27 Redheugh Bridge rd., Gateshead.

Evercirculators and Libraries. 1d. per line of ten words.

An evercirculator is a manuscript phonographic magazine, consisting of articles written by the individual members, one member acting as conductor. The book passes round, and each round members contribute an article and remarks, or take part in the discussion. A leaflet containing further particulars forwarded from the Phonetic Institute, Bath, on receipt of id stamp. [x] Evercirculator paper in three varieties, of superior quality, five quires Is 6d; headings and title-pages, 3d per doz.; covers, cloth is., leather Is 6d. Samples for id. Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd. [x] New evercirculator.-Advertiser wishes to form one devoted to physical culture and kindred subjects. Send stamp for particulars. J. Gifford, c/o Mrs Brock, Northbrook lodge, Micheldever, Hants.

Members wanted for the Ulster evercirculator, just commencing. Send stamp for particulars. W. Bickerstaff, 28 Denmark st., Belfast.

[21] To young journalists.-Vacancy for a member (age about 18) on a smart up-to-date evercirculator. In addition to phonographic proficiency, applicant must have literary tastes, and must be enthusiastic in the work. Subscription, Is 6d. Further particulars stamp. W. S. Barritt, Gazette. Forres, Scotland.

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The 20th Century Commercial Library, over 160 books available for the use of members. Shorthand, typewriting, French, German, Spanish, and commercial books, together with copies of all English and foreign shorthand magazines. Subscription one penny per week. Splendid opportunity of studying large selections of works at a small cost. Full particulars for stamp. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, Š.E. 133 Second-hand Books, Shorthand or Phonetic, for Sale, or Exchange, or Wanted, id. per line of ten words; Miscellaneous Books, 3d. per line. Blackie's Modern Cyclopedia, 8 vols. as new, cost 48s. accept 155; Bartholomew's International Student's Atlas, 45 D., 6 Brunswick st., Walthamstow.

For sale, last year's Phonetic Journal, bound, cloth; also 16 nos. current vol., 4s 6d Emery, Park rd., Lowestoft.

Jones's Solicitor's Clerk, 2 vols, 38 6d. Emery, Park rd., Lowestoft. Reporter, Is Id; Manual. 9d; Teacher's Hand-book, is; Purase Book, 6d; vol. 19 Shorthand Weekly, is 1d; Halmshaw,* 13 Harvey rd, Hornsey. Wanted, Phonetic Journals, bound, for 1900, 1901, 1902; also Shorthand Weekly, bound, for 1900, 1901, 1902. Together or separately. State offer, P.. 22 Princess rd., Regent's Park, London, N.W.

Stamp collection of over 100, unused, British colonials, many King's heads, in perfect mint condition, for sale, price 5s, post-free, bargain. C, 9 Norman grove, Longsight, Manchester.

Wanted half-price, clean, Modern Typewriting, Shorthand in the Office. F. R. Thorncliffe, Buxton rd., Stockport.

For sale Reporter, is; Manual, 91; Teacher, 3d; 6 nos. Phonographer, by Munro Peebles. 9d; 2 vols. Allen Reed's Quarterly Review, Is; postfree. W. A F., 13 Fairbank st., East rd., London N.

What offers? Shorthand Weekly and Phonetic Journal, 25th Nov 1899. to 1st Feb., 1902. Unbound, clean. Culshaw, Workhouse, Blackburn. [21

Wanted, cheap, in good condition: Italian and Spanish Grammar (Sauer or Hossfeldt), also dictionary. Write price, Phono, 2 Aubert Park, Highbury, London, N.

For sale, post-free.--Reporter, is 3d; Phonography in the Office, 1s; and Swiftograph Shorthand, is 3d. All clean copies. Steno, 19 Hamilton rd., Handsworth, Staffordshire.

For sale, first 2 vols. of Pitman's Shorthand Weekly, bound separately, excellent condition. What offers? J. Tudhope, Milburn pl., Selkirk. Reporters' Magazine, vols. 2 and 7, well bound and in excellent condition. What cash offers? Skinner, 317 Holloway rd., London, N. Shorthand, French German and misce.laneous books for sale, or exchange for works on American business methods. Books, 37 Pullen bdgs., Penton pl., Newington, London, S. E.

W. Marston, Eaton rd., Coventry.

Shorthand systems.-Lewis's Shorthand; Bell's system, 1869; Thompson's Phonography, 1863; German Shorthand; Guest's Compendius Shorthand, 1883; William's Shorthand, 1867, and other systems. List on application A Bargain Reporter's Companion, 1866; Instructor, part 1; Teacher, Manual and Key, and Gill's Civil Service Geography, cost 4s 6d. Exchange the lot for Pitman's Phonetic Dictionary, 20th Century, and Phonographic Reporter, 20th Century, or Instructor I. and II., 20th Century, or best offer. Graham, 9 Laburnum st., Connswater, Belfast.

For sale. Teacher, Key, Manual, Reporter, Reporting Exercises, Key, Business Correspondence, Vicar of Wakefield Phonography in Office, Reporter's Assistant, Phrase Book, Reporter's Reader, Reporter's Guide, Speed Books, Shorthand Cleik, Teacher's Essay, half cost. Others on application. Marston, Eaton rd., Coventry.

For sale, 50 Phonetic Journals, in excellent condition. Good reading practice; cheap 2s 6d. Maurice Cecil Pollard, Grammar School, Chard, Somerset.

Phonetic Journal, 1899, bound (publishers' cover), cost 6s 6d; Shorthand Weekly, 1901; 4s 6d lot, or offers singly. Simpson, Bayes st., Kettering. For sale, Reed's Reporter's Guide, is 3d; Shorthand Examinations and How to Pass them, 4d; Psalms in shorthand, 9d; Manual, is; Teacher, 4d; Manual, published in 1871, 9d; Teacher (1869), 3d. Apply G. S. Cope, Surreylodge Queen's rd., South Norwood, London, S.E. (211 For sale, Pitman's Phonetic Journal for 1900-1-2. T. H. Francis, 37 Cumberland st., Carlisle.

211 For sale, new and second-hand Shorthand and Commercial books and magazines. List post-free. A. T. Bean, 1 Victoria rd., Stoke Newington, London, N. [22] Thousands of books and magazines (shorthand) for sale, all good condition. If you require anything, you cannot do better than drop me a line, with stamp, stating requirements, and I can meet them. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. 27] Reading practice for the coming holidays, etc. 6s worth shorthand magazines in new condition, all different, post-free, Is 6d, sent any part of the world for money order for 2s; splendid and unequalled value. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. [27 For sale, few copies of Oliver McEwan's Verbatim Reporting, post-free Is Id. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [26,

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.-This Journal may be ordered through any Bookseller, News gent, or Railway B okstall, or by post direct from the Publishers. The terms to all parts of the world are 1. 8d. per quarter; 3s. 3d. per half year; or 6s. 6d. per year, payable in advance. Subscriptions may commence with any number. Monthly part, 5d., post-free 7d, ; terms of subscription same as above,

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That the new condition of things brought about by the Education Act of last year is causing some uncertainty among teachers, and particularly among those who have been giving instruction hitherto in commercial subjects in the evening classes conducted by School Boards and Technical Education Committees, we can well understand. The chief differences are that teachers will now find themselves in the hands of another set of employers, and that applications for new appointments will have to be made to the new education committees that are being organized in all parts of the country in accordance with the provisions of the Act. Scotland, Ireland, and the Metropolis are exempted from the operations of the Act, though there can be little doubt that the new Bill introduced by the Government in relation to London will, with some more or less important modifications, reach a place on the Statute Book before the close of the present session of Parliament.

As regards the country generally, we do not think that there is any cause for alarm on the part of teachers. We see no reason to anticipate anything like a wholesale dismissal of teachers. What will probably happen will be that, except here and there, the arrangements with regard to evening classes that now prevail will be continued, and that existing teach

ers willing to serve under the new authorities will be retained as a matter of course. It would be well for teachers to ascertain from the local authorities as soon as possible whether it will be necessary to send in formal applications for their reappointment to the posts that they have held under the superseded bodies, and the date up to which applications of the kind will be received, and particulars of all other requirements. Both existing teachers and those who desire to seek fresh appointments should realize the importance of attending to this matter without delay, as the education committees are likely to take in hand shortly the question of the arrangements for next autumn. Ultimately, no doubt, a great impetus will be given to the entire evening class movement, and the demand for teachers will undergo a corresponding increase. At the moment, however, little more can be expected than that the provision already made will be continued.

So far as London is concerned, we understand that no change will be made either by the School Board or by the Technical Education Board of the London County Council during the present year, and that the regulations now in force with reference to applications for teacherships under those bodies, and with reference also to appointments and salaries, will remain in force. The various schools and classes conducted in the Metropolis hitherto, under the auspices of the two Boards named, will resume their work next autumn; any vacancies in the ranks of the teachers will be filled up at the usual time and in pursuance of the regulations now in vogue. And, in short, things will go on much as they have done in the past.

Next year we may look for changes; but neither in the Metropolis, nor throughout the country generally, is there a prospect of any very serious changes taking place at an early date. There are districts where schools that have been in competition will come under one authority, and, in some cases, there may be a reduction in the number of classes in a particular neighbourhood. But those reductions will be more than counterbalanced by the steady growth of the demand for instruction in the subjects chiefly taught in the evening classes, a growth that will be promoted rather than diminished by the fact that there will be for the first time in the history of this country one body in each district entrusted with the duty of ascertaining the nature and extent of that demand, and of seeing that proper provision is made to supply it. So that, notwithstanding the temporary dislocations and rearrangements that may become necessary here and there, we are satisfied that the future will see great progress in the spread of commercial knowledge, and that teachers qualified to give instruction in the subjects that make up that knowledge may look forward, not only with equanimity but with hope, to seeing their own prospects improve as the demand for their services increases,

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The inaugural concert in connection with the Oliver Typewriter Club took place in the Banqueting Hall at the St James's Restaurant, Regent street, London, W, on the evening of Saturday, 2nd May. Members and friends assembled to the number of nearly 300, and most of them remained until the whole of a very lengthy program was got through. The program was one of great attractiveness and variety, and every item was excellent. The concert was an unqualified success, and augurs well for the future prosperity of the Club which has started its career so well.

CARDIFF TECHNICAL SCHOOL.

The present condition of the Cardiff Technical School engaged the attention of the Committee of that institution at their meeting on 5th May. We gather from the report of the proceedings published in the Western Mail that the School is not doing altogether the kind of work which the Principal Mr E H Griffiths) considers to be most desirable. Clerks anxious to improve themselves in commercial subjects, those desirous of entering business life, and those who are training as teachers, avail themselves of the facilities the School offers, but the science side does not appear to attract as it ought engineers, carpenters, and others, who would benefit by scientific teaching. This phenomenon is not peculiar to Cardiff, but while we hope that with the co-operation of employers and others there may be more students in the science classes, we would offer the suggestion that nothing should be done to the discouragement of the excellent training in commercial subjects which attracts 441 students, and has, we understand, been very successful. While the Principal acknowledges that shorthand, typewriting, etc., increase the wage value of the student, he holds that they do not enlarge his "mental horizon." But for an important business centre such as Cardiff, subjects of higher commercial education might be usefully added to the curriculum, to which the objection just mentioned cannot apply-even if it applies to the more common commercial arts, a point we are not disposed to concede.

The Remington Typewriter Company have recently opened So new branches at Dundee and Aberdeen.

The Armstrong typewriter, which is the latest arrival in this country, has, since its establishment at 78 Southampton row, London, W C., been sold to the extent of several hundreds of machines, and the Company have a difficulty in cbtaining a sufficient supply from the factory.

Miss C. A. Guylott, pupil of Miss E. Frees, F.IPS. (honours), of 375 Harrow road, London, W., has passed first in the Kingdom and gained the first prize of £3 for Typewriting in the Senior grade of the London Chamber of Commerce examinations.

The Williams Typewriter Company have recently brought out a special platen, which holds cards in position and permits writing on the top edge. The increased use of the card index and filing system has caused a demand for this device. Interested parties may see the platen in use at any office of the Williams Typewriter Co.

The print

Callitypy is a new typewriter printing system. ing plant consists of one or more typewriters, sheets of white paper, a square, ruler, and firm white cardboard. Callitypy is to be used primarily as a means of making line engravings of typewritten matter, as a substitute for direct printing, with out recourse to line setting.

The Remington School of Shorthand and Typewriting, wh h Mr John D. Box has for several years past carried on at 2 Duke street, Brighton, has outgrown its quarters, and has in consequence been removed to larger and more convenient premises at 12 St George's place, near the parish church Mr Box, however, retains his old premises at 2 Duke street for the Remington typewriter and copying business.

Truly the typewriter is ubiquitous. It has found its way on to an Atlantic liner; it is regularly used on many of the Admiralty ships; it has been on a journey with the South Pole as objective; and last summer there was a tent on the shore at Blackpool which harboured a typist with a writing machine and shorthand note-book. She took letters from dictation, and typed them for a small fee. Her earnings are said to have amounted to between £3 and £5 per week,

THIS MONTH'S PHONOGRAPHIC

MAGAZINES.

"Some Hints towards Success" in the Reporters' Journal for May contains a number of useful wrinkles for the office worker. Mr G. W. Bunbury, holder of the World's Record for shorthand speed, contributes a specimen page of his latest high speed performance.

Capt. Mahon's work on Nelson forms the subject of an attractively illustrated notice in the Reporters' Magazine. "The Care of Fountain Pens," and the use of the typewriter are dealt with in practical notes.

Under the somewhat lugubrious title of "The Decline and Death of S. W. Associations," Mr H. Lorimer discusses in the Phonographic Monthly the causes of the comparatively short life of so many associations. We agree with him that he who can solve the difficulty will confer a boon on phonographic workers.

An interesting account is furnished in the Shorthand Writer, with an illustration, of a mock trial conducted by the Wallsend-on-Tyne S W. A., with some notes on the order of procedure observed. A facsimile is given of notes at 200 words by Mr Elliott, of Newcastle-on-Tyne.

The Phonographer makes a special feature of the reproduction of the recent Society of Arts tests in shorthand, typewriting, and book-keeping, and among interesting articles is an address by Mr J. E McLachlan on "Phonography and Physical Form."

WALL'S FOUNTAIN PEN.-Particulars are advertised of this new fountain pen, which is being sold and distributed by the patentees, Messrs Hughes and Wall, at their central depôt, 56 Gracechurch street, London, E.C. The pen is produced in sixteen styles, at prices ranging from 5s. to 50s,

THE SMITH PREMIER TYPEWRITER.

(Continued from page 384.)

"And what kind of improvements in the Smith Premier may we expect from the fact of having Mr Brown the inventor on the Executive? Are there any new departures under consideration with reference to the character of the machine?"

"The possibility of further improvements is, of course, being kept well to the front, and we shall continue the policy which we have pursued in the past of quietly adding improvements to the machine, so that it is always kept up-to-date, but the fundamental principles of our machine have been proved to be so thoroughly satisfactory that there is no necessity for us to bring out one new model after another. I may add that we have thoroughly considered the question of the production of a writing in sight machine. We own a number of patents, and have made several models, which we believe to be better than any writing in sight machine which is now on the market. We have taken the opinion of practical operators throughout the world, and also of leading business men, and the result of our inquiries leads us to believe that such a machine is not called for, and therefore we do not propose to bring one out. We believe that mechanically a writing in sight machine cannot be built which is the equal of our typewriter, and, as improvement is our motto, the Smith Premier Typewriter Co. could not afford to place a machine on the market which was mechanically inferior to our present typewriter."

"And you have taken into consideration the question from the operator's point of view, and the effect of habit in lifting the carriage to look at the work, as a thing to be got rid of rather than as a necessary element in the working of the typewriter?"

"Yes, we have considered that. You must remember when talking about a writing in sight machine that all good operators, both in the United

comes independent of both. We are endeavouring to effect an improvement by raising the standard of operators through the medium of the Manual of Typewriting, which we have issued. It has done good service in this respect and we are repaid, although there is no profit as far as the publication is concerned. I am confident that the standard is being raised, and that the operators are better. Employers are demanding better service, and will not put up with the operator of the average type of three or four years ago-and demand that they shall be better educated and thoroughly skilled in the use of the typewriter, so that students who are learning to-day will have to attain a high state of proficiency in order to obtain good positions. I think the whole tone of typewriting, as far as employees are concerned, is being raised, and as the demand for experienced operators increases, so salaries are improving. In our Employment Bureau we refuse to take the lower class operators, for the simple reason that they do

not do any good to the business. We want to improve the class and the salaries of those who take up typewriting as a profession. You cannot put it too stror gly that business men are already alive to the need for better educated and more proficient operators, and it is important now that the operators themselves should wake up to the fact."

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Of Mr Alexander Brown, the inventor of the Smith Premier typewriter and the new Vice-president of the Company, whose portrait appears with this notice, we were given some interesting particulars. Mr Brown was a born inventor, and long before the typewriter came upon the scene he was busy with patents for all sorts of things --from guns to bicycles, and from telephones to automobiles. Working at a mechanic's bench as a young man in Syracuse, with mind ever intent on producing something in the line of invention," his early practical training was destined to stand him in good stead in the years to come. While employed with Mr L. C. Smith, the late Chairman of the Smith Premier Company, Mr Brown tried his hand at improving guns and designing tools for their manufacture, and achieved some marked success in this direction. It was while he was in the Smith gun factory that his attention was turned to the typewriter, and after operating a Remington machine for about a year, he produced a model of a typewriter of his own, Mr Smith took it up, sold out his gun business, and the Smith Premier typewriter was the result. Now Mr Brown, we learn, is a director of other manufacturing companies and of banks in Syracuse. He combines the genius of the inventor with the practical man of affairs, and in both capacities has gained respect and esteem.

MR ALEXANDER BROWN.

States and this country, are really touch operators. Whether they have learned touch typewriting or not, they have practically become touch operators in the sense that they do not look at the key-board when they are writing. The operator who uses the old plan of fingering and has got into the habit of looking from the copy to the key-board, back again to the copy, and lifting the carriage or pulling the platen forward every time he has written a sentence or two, cannot get through much work, and stands little chance of holding a position to-day."

"Then you think that the remedy for such a habit is to be sought in the improvement in the operators rather than in a change of machine?

"Yes, vi ible writing doe not prevent the operator making a mistake, and the loss of time is the same whether an operator pulls forward the platen or stops to look at the writing. It is a habit in each case, and a good operator be

Of other members of the Executive, the Typewriter and Phonographic World contains these snapshots of Secretary, Treasurer, and Factory Manager:

"It is a remarkable fact that from Canada have come

some of our best typewriter men. There must be something in the air up there that breeds giants, both in brain and stature. There will not be an old typewriter man in 'The

States' who will read these lines who cannot at once call to mind a number of men, Canadian-born, who have come under his own observation, who now occupy some of the highest places within the gift of our leading typewriter companies. Mr Frank F. Peard, the newly-elected Secretary of the Smith Premier Typewriter Company, is a remarkable specimen of this class of men-a giant both in stature and in brain. A giant in stature, because he stands six feet three and one-half inches in height, and is of massive frame-a giant in brain because of the marked success he has already achieved in commercial lines in this country.

Many and many a time in the political and commercial history of this country, the man from Massachusetts has proven the most important factor. Such a man is William A. Dyer, chosen by the stock-holders of the Smith Premier Typewriter Company as their future Treasurer.

"Mr John H. Barr, the newly-elected Manager of Factories, the master of ceremonies of the actual business department of the Smith Premier Company, is unquestionably well qualified to fill the important position to which he has been assigned. His life has consisted of one long chapter of unremitting study along the lines that constitute his work, in which he is deeply absorbed, and of which he has made a success attained by few men of his profession."

Turning from the Smith Premier typewriter and its Executive to the general question of the typewriter world, we asked Mr Harrison what impressions he had brought back with him from the States.

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One thing you cannot help noticing is that typewriting occupies a somewhat different position there from here. In the States to-day the exception is to find even a man in a small way of business who does not use a typewriter. Even if he has not enough money to furnish his office, he must have his typewriter. We are coming to that position over here, but, unfortunately, we cannot yet say that it is an exception for the man in a small way of business not to use a typewriter. At the same time, the way in which the retail trade-grocer, draper, and tailor-is adopting the typewriter, is a striking and encouraging fact, and I have seen many a little business in the suburbs of London increased by means of the use that can be made of the writing machine.

"Hustling? Well, I don't know that they do any more of that in the States, or that there is any more effective individual hustling than is done over here. I have got the best of work from my own staff. Yes, even if you treat the question on a broader basis, I don't know that they work any harder in the United States than in England, but you must remember the way in which the newspapers in the States are ever pointing to the example of the successful man, and are thus pushing others along, while over here the newspapers are more concerned about trying to show that the British trader is beaten by everyone else. In the one case you get stimulus, which is noticeable, and in the other an apology which is apt to be depressing. Then, I think the workman in the States has a better chance of his individual intelligence being brought

out.

"One of the chief reasons why we are able to manufacture the typewriter in the United States so that it is impossible for any country to equal us is owing to the large use that we make of automatic machinery for the manufacture of the different parts. This enables us to make the parts at a much lower rate than the Labour Unions over here allow of their being produced in this country, and therefore we are able to pay higher wages and get more skilful workmen for the assembling and adjusting than we could otherwise afford to do, the consequence being that the resulting machine is better. Another reason is that the people who have endeavoured to manufacture a typewriter in England have never put enough money into the undertaking. For instance, this new factory of ours at Syracuse will cost $250,000 for building and equipment before we can make a single typewriter in it. This will be paid for out of our treasury without increasing our capitalization or raising a single loan or mortgage. This amount over here has been considered more than sufficient for the entire capitalization of a Typewriter Company."

“And are you expecting to feel the benefit of this big enterprise over here?'

"

Yes, we hope so. Our business is still progressing even with our old arrangements. We have shown an increase in the business done over here for the first three months of the present year equal to 34 per cent. upon the business done for the corresponding months of last year. That will show how the machine is progressing here, and I learn we have shown pretty nearly the same increase in the United States."

WILLIAM HARDING AND GEORGE ODELL, STENOGRAPHERS.

BY ALEXANDER PATERSON, F.J.I.

Shorthand authors and improvers are not usually credited with an excess of modesty, so far as proclaiming the merits, real or imaginary, of their own stenographic productions is concerned. Here each can generally blow his own trumpet with tolerably good effect: it is with regard to himself, his birth and antecedents, that reticence is generally manifested. In fact, but for the labours and researches of historians, bibliographers, and others who take an interest in the science and literature of shorthand and its development, we should not know that many stenographic authors had ever lived. For example, it is only recently that we have got to know even the date of Samuel Taylor's death, while that of his birth has not yet been disclosed, although we understand this has been now ascertained, together with the name of the place, and both will probably be communicated to the public in due course.

Samuel Taylor had many editors and copyists, all of whom endeavoured to improve to a greater or less extent upon their original. Two of the best known and most successful of these were William Harding and George Odell, each claiming superior merits for his system. Harding's work is interesting from the fact that it was his modification of Taylor which Isaac Pitman first learned. The whole of the editions-fifteen, it is said, in all-appeared during the ten years 1823-33, while Harding was a professor" or teacher of the art in London. The work was originally published by Messrs Simpkin and Marshall; but of the fourteenth and fifteenth editions, dated 1832 and 1833 respectively, John Van Voorst, 3 Paternoster row, was the publisher. He also brought out an edition in 1860, described as "revised, with new prefixes, terminations, and various other additions," by John (now Sir John) R. Robinson, well-known as the late manager of the Daily News. Sir John having learned Pitman's Phonography so long ago as 1846, and having written it ever since, with marks of his own, the statement with respect to Harding is a trifle confusing. We have Sir John's authority for stating the facts as under: About the end of 1859 or the beginning of 1860, Mr Van Voorst wished to bring out a new edition of Harding, for which he said there was a steady sale in schools, and asked Mr Robinson to prepare one. This he agreed to do, after every possible effort had been made to find Mr Harding. The latter, as far as could be learned, had been last heard of in Australia. After some six months, an edition of the work came out. The preface explains the alterations which, as a matter of fact, were supplied by an expert writer of the system. The work is neatly and tastefully got up in black cloth, gilt lettered, and has a beautiful engraved frontispiece, identical with frontispieces to Harding's own issues. It has a figure of Fame sounding abroad with trumpet and flying scroll of engraved shorthand, and below this a scroll with Cato's speech in shorthand characters, and pupils diligently studying a shorthand chart. title-page reads thus:

The

Universal stenography, or a new and practical system of shorthand writing, combining simplicity, brevity, and perspicuity, for the use of schools and private tuition, by William Harding, professor and teacher of stenography; a revised edition with new prefixes, terminations, and various other additions, by John R. Robinson. London: John Van Voorst, 3 Paternoster row. Price 3s. sewed, and 3s. 6d., neatly bound and lettered.

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