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NOTICES.

Each Notice should be written on one side only of a separate piece of paper. Every Notice under the head of Correspondence must give full name and address.

Correspondents are requested to write their address clearly in ordinary longhand. If they wish to receive replies in Phonography, a star should be attached to the name; thus, John Smith.*

Notices of all kinds must reach Bath at least eleven days before the date of the Journal for which they are intended.

Every communication addressed to the Editor of this Journal must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer.

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Correspondence desired with foreign and colonial phonographers everywhere. Stamp collectors preferred. Percy Quarmby, 92 Denton rd., Hornsey, London, N.

Pictorial correspondence invited. Prompt replies to all. Shorthand or English. E. Holbein Paul, 23 Belvoir rd., Bishopston, Bristol.

Correspondents desired in foreign countries and all parts of the Empire, particularly Canada, Australasia and S. Africa, with a view to exchanging stamps. Answers in shorthand preferred. Prompt replies to all. G. O. R. Looker, 52 Greyhound lane, Streatham, Surrey, England.

Miss Margaret A. Ross, 21 Knowsley rd., Southport, England, desires correspondence in longhand on pictorial post cards. Foreign views preferred. Prompt replies to all good cards.

Pictorial post cards.-Correspondence desired, shorthand or longhand, in all parts of the world. Prompt replies. Gordon L. Hickin, c/o P.O. Box 28, New Plymouth, New Zealand. [22]

Pictorial post cards.-Correspondence desired (longhand or shorthand). Replies to all. Leonard Hallam, 2 Thornes lane, Wakefield. (21) Pictorial post card correspondence desired. Home or abroad. Walker,* Church st., Ibstock, Leicester.

If a picture post card collector will forward his or her address to Mr Lofting, 7 York pl., Brighton, he or she will receive an answer in due

course.

Associations. Id. per line of ten words.

Phonetic Shorthand Writers' Association (London District I.P.S.). The Arcadian Restaurant, 8 Queen st., Cheapside.-The principal Shorthand Association in the kingdom. Meetings held every Thursday evening from 7 to 10. Regular speed practice conducted at various rates by experienced phonographers. Lectures by well-known shorthand writers; discussions, etc. Speed examinations held periodically. Centre for Society of Arts shorthand examination and for Pitman's medal competitions. (Members sit at these examinations and at the 1.P.S. Teacher's Exam. at reduced fees.) Shorthand library and other advantages. Fees, including speed practice, 10s 6d per annum or 38 per quarter. All phono. graphers (ladies or gentlemen) are eligible for membership. Prospectus, with full particulars, on application to Secretary, H. J. Cork, 2 Reedholm road, Stoke Newington, London, N. [24] Newcastle-on-Tyne. Tyneside Phonographers' Association, Church Institute, Hood street. Speed practice, 40 words per minute and upwards, phonographic library, etc. Excellent for those who have just gone through the text-books. Full particulars, Geo. W. Muir, 27 Redheugh Bridge rd., Gateshead. [20]

Evercirculators and Libraries. id. per line of ten words.

An evercirculator is a manuscript phonographic magazine, consisting of articles written by the individual members, one member acting as conductor. The book passes round, and each round members contribute an article and remarks, or take part in the discussion. A leaflet containing further particulars forwarded from the Phonetic Institute, Bath, on receipt of id stamp. [x] Evercirculator paper in three varieties, of superior quality, five quires Is 6d; headings and title-pages, 3d per doz.; covers, cloth is, leather is 6d. Samples for id. Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd. [x] New evercirculator,-Advertiser wishes to form one devoted to physical culture and kindred subjects. Send stamp for particulars. J. Gifford, c/o Mrs Brock, Northbrook lodge, Micheldever, Hants. [201 The Gordon Shorthand Library circulates all the leading magazines. Subscription 6d per month, 1s 3d per quarter. Particulars post-free. A month's trial solicited. Conductor, A. T. Bean, 1 Victoria rd., Stoke Newington, London, N. [22] Rambler Shorthand Library circulates all the shorthand magazines. Subscription, is 3d per quarter; 4s per year. J. Gripton, High st., West Bromwich.

The best Library is the Telegraph, established ten years, circulating all the magazines, including Australian magazine; quarterly subscription,

Is 3d; always vacancies, particulars stamp. Conductor, J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. [21] The 20th Century Commercial Library, over 160 books available for the use of members. Shorthand, typewriting, French, German, Spanish, and commercial books, together with copies of all English and foreign shorthand magazines. Subscription one penny per week. Splendid opportunity of studying large selections of works at a small cost. Full particulars for stamp. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, Š.E. Second-hand Books, Shorthand or Phonetic for Sale, or Exchange, or Wanted, id. per line of ten words; Miscellaneous Books, 3d. per line. For sale, Pitman's Phonetic Journal for 1900-1-2. T. H. Francis, 37 Cumberland st., Carlisle. [21]

21.

Wanted, shorthand reading books. Will exchange Pitman's Shorthand Instructor with Key, and Manual (new). Morley, Rosebery villas, Harold rd., Hastings.

Wanted, Adam's Commercial Correspondence, Hunter's Précis Writing, Pendlebury Beard's Commercial Arithmetic, Dicksee's Book-keeping, Stevens's Mercantile Law, Gore-Brown's Joint Stock Companies. R. Thompson, 82 Victoria rd., Middlesbrough.

A Bargain Cassell's Popular Educator, 8 vols., unsoiled, bound, publishers' covers, issued at 5s each, will sell for 15s; New Testament in Phonography, cost 4s, sell for Is 6d; Cassell's 35 6d English-German Dictionary, only is 6d. J. Hammerton, 367 Green Lanes, Harringay Park, London, N.

Wanted, a good second-hand duplicator, foolscap size; state price and quality. Miss Illenden 58 Dover rd., Folkestone.

Advertiser has for sale text-books for Weights and Measures Inspectorships; cost 6s, for 4s 6d. H. Cocker, Trooper lane, Halifax,

Shorthand Bible, 1866; Phonographic Monthly, vol. 1; Shorthand Magazine, vols. 38 and 39; Shorthand Weekly, vols. 1, 2, 3. 4, clean and perfect, unbound; Pickwick Papers; Silver Ship of Mexico; The Haunted Man. Cash offers to John R. Chew, Bacup.

Wanted, British Printer, March-April, 1902, No. 86. State price, Briggs, Calverley sq., Horbury rd., Wakefield, Yorks.

What offers? Reporters' Journal, unbound, perfect condition, from March, 1895 to April, 1903, inclusive. Also Phonetic Journal, from no 3. vol. 54, vols. 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, complete, and to 2nd May, vol. 62, 1903. No reasonable offer refused. Howard, Church terr., Wardle, Rochdale.

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Wanted, the following nos. of the Reporters' Magazine:-April, May, June, July, August, October, November and December, 1898; January, February, March and May, 1899; and January, 1901. Will give 3d for each, clean copies. Leonard Hallam, 2 Thornes lane, Wakefield.

Encyclopædic Dictionary (Cassell), 1st six 6d parts, new, is 3d; Shorthand Dictionary (6th edition), new, 4s for is 9d; Office Work in Shorthand and Key, 2s for 10d; Parker fountain pen (new), 10s 6d for 5s; sacrifice, box compasses, 13 pieces, 26s for 10s. All postages extra. Lindley, Calmlands, Meltham, Huddersfield.

Useful books on Shorthand and Commercial subjects.- Teacher's Handbook, rod; Key to Instructor, 3d; Questio s on Manual, 2d; Easy Readines, 3d; Phonographic Reader, 3d, Reporting Hints and Practice, cloth, 7d; Progressive Studies in honography, cloth. 7d; Paonographic Dictionary, new, 2s 6d; Pitman's Business Training, cloth, is 6d; Commercial Law, cloth, is 6d; Pitman's French Grammar, Is; German Grammar, Is; How to Become Quick at Figures, cloto, is 9d; 50 French Weeklies. Is 9d; vol. I, Foreign Languages Made Easy, complete, is; 4 vols. (19 to 22) Pitman's Shorthand Weekly, complete, 4s, or is 3d per vol.; Pitman's Illustrated French Weekly, cloth, vol. I, Is 9d; Biography of Isaac Pitman, cloth, Is 3d; Hints on Teaching Phonography, cloth. Is; Early History of Shorthand, 8d; The Newspaper World, cloth, 8d. D. Webster (F.Inc.S.T), 5 Albion st., Morley, Yorks.

For sale, new and second-hand Shorthand and Commercial books and magazines. List post-free. A. T. Bean, I Victoria rd., Stoke Newington, London, N. [22]

Pitman's Book-keeping Simplified, Advanced Book-keeping (new), and Pitman's Commercial Correspondence. For sale or exchange for Phonetic Journals. Harris, 19 Goulden st., Battersea, London.

Thousands of books and magazines (shorthand) for sale, all good condition. If you require anything, you cannot do better than drop me a line, with stamp, stating requirements, and I can meet them. J H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. [27] Reading practice for the coming holidays, etc. 6s. worth shorthand magazines in new condition, all different, post-free is 6d, sent any part of the world for money order for 2s; splendid and unequalled value. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd.. Brockley, London, [27]

For sale, few copies of Oliver McEwan's Verbatim Reporting, post-free, Is Id. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S E.

126,

TO SHORTHAND LEARNERS -Students commencing the study of Pitman's Shorthand are recommended to obtain the Phonographic Teacher," 6d.; "Key," 6d.; and "Prog essive Studies," IS.; or "Pitman's Shorthand Instructor," 3s. 6d. These Books can be obtained of all Booksellers, or from the Publishers, Students desiring a teacher may be put in communication with one on sending a penny stamp to Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., Phonetic Inst:tute, Bath.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.-This Journal may be ordered through any Bookseller, Newsagent, or Railway Bookstall, or by post direct from the Publishers. The terms to all parts of the world are Is. 8d. per quarter; 3s. 3d. per half year; or 6s. 6d. per year, payable in advance. Subscriptions may commence with any number. Monthly part, ¿d,, post-free 7d.; terms of subscription same as above.

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MISTIMED LEVITY.

The other day a Board of Guardians in London had to select a lady typist for employment in its offices. A committee had gone through the applications received for the post, had seen those of the applicants whom it was thought desirable to test, and had recommended three of them. The final choice was now to be made of one of the three. Quite an ordinary matter of business this, one would think! Male clerks are selected in the same way. Nobody finds it necessary on those occasions to raise a jocular discussion, to make jests about the probable personal appearance of the candidates, and to spend several minutes in frivolous "chaff" before proceeding to business. But that is what appears to have taken place before the Board of Guardians to which we have referred could be brought to discuss seriously the business before it.

According to a newspaper report of their proceedings, members of this public body seem to have thought it becoming to indulge in speculations as to whether the candidates who were to be ushered into their presence were "tall enough," or "stout enough," or "goodlooking enough." One member distinguished himself by announcing that his vote would be given to the bestlooking; and other frivolous comments were made. There are, and there probably always will be, shallow people quite unable to take the lady typist seriously, just as there are dramatists who never introduce a housemaid on the stage except to make her the recipient of promiscuous osculation. But what we can excuse

in a farce we should not be disposed to pardon in real life. And the business of a Board of Guardians is hardly expected to sink to the level of farce.

Woman as a worker, side by side with men, is familiar enough to this generation to make such discussions as that to which we have referred impossible. On School Boards, and even Boards of Guardians, women have laboured as energetically, and as ably and with as much devotion to the public interest as any of the members who happen to belong to the opposite sex; and the woman worker, in whatever capacity she exercises her abilities, is entitled to as much respect as the male worker receives. Whether the particular board, whose peculiar method of proceeding to the business of choosing a typist has given occasion for these remarks, has upon it any lady members we are not aware; but, apparently, there was no lady present when the delectable discussion took place. If there had been, that discussion would not have occurred. Unfortunately, there is a tendency in irresponsible quarters to mention the lady typist with levity. It may be noticed sometimes in certain of our so-called "comic " papers. It may be observed in "short stories," and "piquant" paragraphs in "smart periodicals meant to provide "light reading matter " for people who lead idle lives. The tone of many of the allusions to the typist met with in these ornaments of the press is not respectful. But, for the most part, it is beneath notice. When, however, it reacts upon the members of a public body to such an extent that they cannot set about the serious business of engaging a lady clerk without a series of preliminary jests concerning her looks, it is time to protest.

The work of the typist is serious enough. She has no time for levity. To undertake that work she has need of careful preparation, and she has to enter upon it in a spirit of gravity, and with a determination to face with all her skill the tasks that will devolve upon her. She has a right to ask that she shall be treated with respect, recognised as what she is, in fact—one of the world's hard workers-a worker entitled to the same consideration that is meted to all others who by their toil contribute to the thoroughness and efficiency of business life.

Mr R. J. Taylor, F.I.P.S., F. Inc. S. T., wishes correspondents to note that his address is now 11 Torriesdale street, Blairhill, Coatbridge.

A new tariff has just been issued by Pitman's Metropolitan Reporting and Typewriting Offices, 32 Chancery lane, London, W.C., produced in superior style, and containing full information relative to the services of the Reporting and Typewriting Departments.

In Salt Lake City the president of a Pitman's Shorthand Association died recently. On his death-bed he ordered that the inscription on his coffin-plate should be in phonographic characters, also that on his tombstone. Memorial cards in shorthand were sent to friends,

Mr C. M. Lawrence, Principal of the Aberdeen School of Shorthand, has just completed on behalf of the County Council of Aberdeenshire his annual inspection of the shorthand and book-keeping classes. Although pupils in the latter subject predominated, a continued and growing interest in shorthand was noticeable. At Peterhead there had been two good classes.

We are requested to announce that the meetings of the Paris Stenographic Society, which have been held at 160 Rue Montmartre for the past seven months, have now been discontinued for the present session. They will probably recommence in October next, and in the meanwhile any inquiries should be addressed to the Secretary of the Society, c/o Y.M.C.A., 160 Rue Montmartre, Paris.

The Examining Committee of the Dublin Shorthand Association have awarded the Gore gold medal to Mr W. Henry, a pupil of Mr W. Reid, of the Dub'in School of Shorthand and Type writing, and the silver medal to Miss Matthews, of Skerry's Shorthand School. The gold pen offered for competition by Mr Norton, Principal of the School of Shorthand, Typewriting, and Commercial Training, has been awarded to Miss Bertha Lee.

A meeting of the Executive and Finance Sub-Committee of the National Federation of S.W.A's. was held at Manches ter on 25th April, Mr E. Helm President) in the chair. The program for the Joint Conference was discussed and unanimously adopted. The Lectures Secretary reported that 197 lectures had been circulated, and that seven bookings remained in hand; 38 dictation books had been used. On the motion of the President, a vote of condolence was passed with Mr G. Muir, a member of the Executive, on the death of his father.

The Examinations for Commercial Education Certificates of the London Chamber of Commerce, which commenced on 4th May, were held at 114 local centres. These examinations, which are held on nineteen evenings in the present month, continue to attract an increasing number of candidates. The growth of the scheme of commercial education inaugurated by the London Chamber of Commerce has made rapid strides during the past three years, and upwards of 1,000 additional entries have been received for the present year. These examinations cover a wide range, and include every subject likely to be of service to commerce.

TYPEWRITING NOTES.

The Builders' Reporter and Engineering Times for 22nd April contained an appreciation of the Empire typewriter.

The value of exports of type writers from the United States for the seven months ending 31st January, 1902, was $1,751,789; for the same period ending 31st January, 1903, it was $2,119,561.

The Imperial Railroad Office in Prussia has within the past few days placed an order for twelve Smith Premier machines, and the Prussian Government has just ordered seven more of the same typewriter for the station at Kiautshau, in China.

The Kamakshi Vilas Typewriting Institute, of Teppakulam, Trichinopoly, Southern India, is meeting with considerable success. Under the direction of the manager, students are coached in typewriting for the Elementary and Intermediate Grades of the Government Technical Examinations.

The Salter Typewriter Co., 27 Martineau street, Birmingham, are the manufacturers of a useful appliance for the typist entitled Holdship's Patent Type Cleaner. The device is of the shape and size of a pocket pencil case, and can be easily carried in the waistcoat pocket. It consists of a small brush, protected by a metal cap when not in use, and a bod

kin. Either of these can be readily used for the purpose of cleaning the type whenever necessary, and a trial shows that they are very effective. It is claimed by the manufacturers that the miniature brush is less likely to injure the type or to throw it out of alignment than the ordinary large brush, as only one letter is cleaned at a time. Many typists will no doubt find the Patent Cleaner very handy and useful. It is sold at one shilling.

The Daily Express, alluding to the feat of Miss Mary Prettyman, of Washington, referred to in our issue of 2nd May (p. 356), speaks of it as "the world's typewriting record.'' It will be remembered that, according to the account we quoted, Miss Frettyman typed 17,500 words in 6 hours, but according to the Express version she typed 20,400 words in six hours. The task does not appear to us to be a stupendous one, and could probably be carried through by hundreds of operators in different parts of the world. The aggregate of words represents less than 60 per minute. A great deal depends, of course, on the conditions attending the work. If the matter was copied, the performance was a very good one indeed but if the work was dictated, there is probably no record in the performance. Mr McGurrin claimed to have typed from dictation over 90 words per minute for more than four hours on end

THE PRESERVATION OF NOTE-BOOKS.

The question of the preservation or otherwise of the filledup note-books used by the shorthand clerk is one of some importance. Careful preservation for a considerable period of the original record of correspondence is certainly in every way highly desirable. A recent report of the Gamey political inquiry which is being held in Canada, illustrates the difficulty which occurs in tracing correspondence to its source, or in demonstrating that a letter did not emanate from a certain quarter, when note-books have been destroyed. We read that Miss Durkin, employed as stenographer and typist in Mr Stratton's office, failed to produce her note-books, showing letters written in February, giving the explanation that she had destroyed them, in accordance with the established custom of the office. She keeps each note-book until after the next one is filled, and then destroys the former, thus leaving only one complete book in existence at a time. In answer to a question from Mr Blake, Miss Durkin said that she had not complained or stated to anyone that some of her note-books had been taken out of her desk without her knowledge.

A NEW COPYING DEVICE.

"

Chambers's Journal says that A means of obtaining facsimile copies of circular letters, music, etc, is often desirable, and the demand for such a device is evidenced by the many copying appliances which have been invented. Some of them are most ingenious, but the copies afforded are mere ghosts of the original documents, others give blurred images, and most of the systems are very messy in use. None equal the perfect reproduction of a handwritten letter, which it is possible to obtain from a lithographic press. The nearest substitute for the lithographic process which we have seen is that introduced by the Kemik Copier Company, Liverpool, and it is so simple in use that anyone can soon learn to work it. The apparatus consists of a slab of stony composition, to which the original document is transferred by contact, the ink being deposited on the slab. After this has been done the paper is stripped off, and a blank sheet applied to receive the image. A large number of copies can be obtained, and the original document may be typewritten or handwritten. When done with, the image is wiped off the slab with a sponge, and the surface is then ready for other work." With regard to the statement that copies of original documents are "mere ghosts we would hint that Chambers's has apparently something to learn about the typewritten facsimiles turned out by the various duplicating machines,

THE SMITH PREMIER TYPEWRITER.

A REMARKABLE DEVELOPMENT.

The Smith Premier Typewriter Company has commenced the present year with a new departure of considerable importance, and has followed this up by arrangements for the production of the machine which bid fair to rank among the more notable examples of enterprise, by which the typewriting industry has made for itself a foremost place in the manufacturing world of to-day. It is always interesting to meet with leading men in the typewriter world, fresh from the home of the typewriter in the States, and we, therefore, sought an interview recently with Mr Spencer Harrison, the General Manager for the Smith Premier typewriter in this country, from whom we received a cordial welcome at the Company's English headquarters, at 14 Gracechurch street, London, EC., where Mr Harrison had just returned from a visit to the United States, and to Syracuse, the home of the Smith Premier. Knowing that the Smith Premier Typewriter Company was making a new departure of some kind, and especially towards the increase of their output at the factory, it was to this point that our first question was directed, but only to find that there was more than this to tell.

"We have," said Mr Harrison, "been making an important change, both in organization and policy. At the beginning of the present year, Mr L. C. Smith, the President of the Smith Premier Typewriter Company, retired from that position. Naturally, the retirement from the head of the Com. pany of a man of such very great business ability as Mr Smith-for he had started the Company, been with it from its infancy, and built it up to its present positionmeant that it was an extremely difficult thing to fill his place. Fortunately, however, the Company were able to get the Hon. T. L. Woodruff to accept the Presidency of the Company. Mr Woodruff, I may men.ion, has for

experience which will be available, and will give assurance that the machine will be kept still ahead and up-to-date as regards improvements. He is going to take an active interest in this department of the business.

"Another important point in the organization of the executive is that the factory will be in charge of Mr John H. Barr, a man of scientific training both in the theory and practice of mechanical engineering, in fact, he is Professor of Machine Designing at Sibley College, Cornell University. It is an interesting thing to note the way in which men of scientific training are being pressed into the service of the Company, along with thoroughly up-to-date business men. The placing of a man of scientific training in charge of a mechanical department is, I think, something new, so far as this country is concerned."

"And what are you looking forward to in the way of new departures as a result of this re organization of your Executive?"

"I am coming to that presently. Directly Mr Woodruff took over the presidency, he found himself face to face with this state of affairs at the factory at Syracuse. Orders for the machine were coming in on an average of about 200 a week in excess of the normal productive capacity of the factory. It was, therefore, found necessary to set to work at once to make such additions to the factory as would overtake the arrears. After looking carefully into the matter, Mr Woodruff came to the conclusion that the wisest and most effective way to meet the difficulty would be to build an entirely new factory, equipped in the very best style it was possible to have it. So they have started building a new factory at Syracuse more than twice the size of the present one. It will occupy a lot 413 feet long, by 150 feet wide, and it will be the most thoroughly equipped, and, we believe, the best typewriter factory in the world; at any rate, that is their intention. They intend to make it a model factory in another sense. It will embody the best known sanitary principles, with an eye to the health, comfort, and convenience of the workmen, in the belief that by paying special attention to these it will be possible to still further raise the standard of excellence which has been already reached by the machine. The new factory will have a capacity for producing 200 machines daily and will employ over 1,000 men. The plans provide for a six storey building. The main rectangular building will have a length of 370 feet and a depth of 70 feet, with two wings extending, and detached fire proof buildings for such work as may be attended with any danger. The total floor space of the new factory will be 200,000 square feet, and the building will be much larger than any now in Syracuse for the manufacture of typewriters. When it is completed the combined capacity of the new and old factories will, it is estimated, be equal to more than one-third of the output of typewriters in the world."

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THE HON. TIMOTHY L. WOODRUFF.

three terms filled the important post of Lieutenant-Governor of the State of New York. The Lieutenant-Governor occupies a similar position in the State Senate that the VicePresident does in the Federal Senate, and in the absence of the Governor acts pro tem. as the Governor of the State. You will see, therefore, that his status as a public man is an important one. He is a remarkable man, of the very greatest energy, of University education, and yet a man who has made his fortune himself, and, therefore, occupies a distinguished position in the business as well as in the political world in the States.

'For Vice-President of the Company we have been successful in getting Mr Alexander Brown, whom you may know by repute as the inventor of the Smith Premier type writer. Mr Brown has not been connected with the Company for the last two years, and we are extremely pleased to have him in this position, with the benefit of his added

"Will the old factory be continued on present lines? "'

The

"Yes, that is the intention. At present we are far behind our orders, and the old factory has been running by day and night shifts in order to meet the demands upon it. construction of the new factory will be rushed. It was only commenced in the middle of March this year, and it has been arranged that the work upon it shall be continued by day and night shifts in order to expedite matters, and it is the intention of the management to have the factory completed and in full working order, with all machinery in by the 1st of July this year, or in a little more than three months from the commencement They intend to make a record that will be new for rapidity of work, even in the United States. As each floor is finished it will be roofed over and the machinery moved in, so that by the time the top floor is done all the machinery will be in place and the factory in working order. In America, you know, there is a great deal of interest taken in what their public men do and what they are in business life as well as in politics, and it may interest you to know how this new departure of the Smith Premier, with the Hon. T. L. Woodruff at the head, is regarded in the States."

Mr Harrison then gave us some extracts from two typical American publications, the Typewriter and Phonographic World, of New York, as representing the special interest of the typewriting and shorthand world, and the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, as representing the popular point of view. The World for March had this reference to the event.

"The president of the new organization is the Hon. Timothy L. Woodruff, of Brooklyn Borough, New York City, late Lieutenant-Governor (until 1st January, 1903) of the State of New York, who was Lieutenant-Governor under Governors Black, Roosevelt and Odell, and could have had the nomination again last fall had he not declined to accept it early in the year.

"He has for many years been one of the heaviest holders of typewriter stock in this country, and both on account of this fact, his rare Lu iness ability, and his immense social prominence and influence, his selection by the Directors to occupy the position of chief executive officer was a wise one; but apart from the high esteem in which he is held by his business associates, he is more than personally popular and beloved by all the people of his own state, New York."

"Gov.

The Eagle for 29th March gave a graphic account, with numerous illustrations, of the new position assumed by Mr Woodruff and the new departure of the Smith Premier Typewriter Co., with these characteristic headlines. Tim's" coat is off, and Syracuse wonders-Brooklyn Statesman plays Magician to General Applause and Hard Things Become Easy." The descriptive "special to the Eagle from Syracuse gives a graphic picture of the ex-LieutenantGovernor as business man, leaving the works at Syracuse: "A block away this figure could not be mistaken. It could be no other than Timothy L. Woodruff, ex-LieutenantGovernor, capitalist, statesman, financier, now turned for the moment active business man of details, up in this midstate city to set going the corporation under new management, to make it the biggest enterprise, the finest, the best handled, the most profitable plant of its kind in the world."

The way in which the people of Syracuse regard this remarkable combination of statesman and commercial magnate in their midst, is hit off, and the writer declares the secret of it all to be that "Tim Woodruff in his new job is taking off his coat every day, and expects every man in the Smith Premier establishment to do the same. It is a game of Follow your Leader' in the big Syracuse factory, with the chief asking nothing more than he is doing himself."

The writer shows us Mr Woodruff taking up his new duties by promptly grasping the situation, and calling together the representatives of the Company from all parts of the world, and thus getting in touch with all engaged in the business, and then boldly launching his idea of a new factory to be put up in record time, and in conclusion gives this description of what the factory is to be:

"When complete, early in July, this new structure will be One of the greatest of modern factory buildings. It will

measure 370 feet frontage by 60, and the Delaware, Lackawana, and Western Railroad are to bridge a creek to run tracks over to it. This creek flows by the factory side, and a concrete wall is to be built upon the sloping bank along it, this gaining a width of 18 feet. The top of this wall will be given up to the work men for pleasant promenade during their noon hour."

"How will all this affect your organization for the sale and distribution of the machine?" we asked Mr. Harrison. "Our organization for the sales department and for the distribution of the machine will go on just as before. There is not a single change in the staff for that purpose, from top to bottom, every man will remain just the same as before. It will make no difference either in the organization or methods of conducting the business, and the only difference it will make as regards the public and the users of the machine will be that improvements in the machine will be kept to the front. Whatever improvements can be introduced will be done with a view of keeping the Smith Premier in the leading position it now enjoys.

[The remainder of our chat with Mr Harrison, and a portrait of Mr Brown, the inventor, will appear in our next issue.]

LEGAL TERMS, PHRASES, AND
ABBREVIATIONS

FOR TYPISTS, AND SHORTHAND AND OTHER

JUNIOR CLERKS.

BY THE AUTHOR OF " 'ELEMENTARY LAW FOR
SHORTHAND CLERKS AND TYPISTS."

II. TERMS USED IN PROBATE AND ALLIED
MATTERS (Continued).

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Citation. The verb to cite, now often employed as a synonym of the verb to quote, has a wider significance, as we see in the use of the word in court where cases are "'cited by counsel, that is to say, referred to as bearing upon the particular point at issue in the case then under argument. A still broader interpretation may be recognised in such an expres ion as "I cite Mr So-and-so in confirmation of my statement," sometimes heard from the lips of a public speaker. To cite a case, or a proposition, or a statement of any kind, is to summon it, to cause it to appear before your hearers for the purpose for which you require it.

In this sense the old ecclesiastical courts used to cite before them any person of whose behaviour there was believed to be reason to complain, where those courts had or claimed jurisdiction to deal with the offender. The document they i sued for this purpose was termed a Citation, and the issue of a citation was one of the authorized ways in which proceedings could be commenced in such courts. In this respect it was the equivalent of a writ of summons. For some important purposes the word and the thing indicated by the word have been retained as part of the machinery of the Probate Court and of its successor the Probate Division. A citation in probate is an instrument calling upon the person to whom it is addressed to take some step with reference to a deceased's estate within a specified time, and giving him notice that if he fails to do so within that time the court will direct or allow certain steps to be taken by other parties interested, or claiming to be interested in the estate. One of the commonest instances in which this procedure is employed is where some person entitled as next-ofkin to take out Letters of Administration has failed to do so, and another person who desires and is willing to obtain a grant is unable to do so until the court is satisfied that the next-of-kin will not apply. The citation gives the next-ofkin an opportunity of intimating whether he will or will not act, and puts a limit in point of time upon his right to choose. A citation is not issued as a matter of course: its issue is

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