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Find his profits for the month and make out balance sheet. Pass all cash items through bank account.

(The answer to the above paper will appear in our next issue.)

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Loans on Policies...

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LEGAL TERMS, PHRASES, AND

ABBREVIATIONS

227,000

74,100

28,462

£626,679

FOR TYPISTS, AND SHORTHAND AND OTHER

JUNIOR CLERKS.

BY THE AUTHOR OF "ELEMENTARY LAW FOR

SHORTHAND CLERKS AND TYPISTS."

II. TERMS USED IN PROBATE AND ALLIED

MATTERS (CONTINUED).

Warning to Caveat. When an applicant for probate or for letters of administration discovers that a grant that he is seeking is delayed by reason of the existence of a caveat, it is for him to take steps to get the obstacle removed. To effect this he issues a summons in a special form calling upon the caveator to appear and disclose his alleged interest within a specified time. This summons is technically styled a "Warning," and when it has been properly issued and served, the caveat is said to have been "warned.'

It is indispensable that the warning to a caveat shall state the name and interest of the person on whose behalf it is issued, and if he claims under a will or codicil, the date of the document must also be set forth. And the warning, like a writ in an action, must specify "an address for service" within three miles of the General Post Office at which notices requiring service are to be left. Warning is served by leaving a true copy of it at the address mentioned in the

caveat.

Form of Warning.

In the High Court of Justice

Probate Divorce and Admiralty Division

(Probate)

To Thomas Brown of Walton House Cobham in the County of Surrey

You are hereby warned within six days after the service of this warning upon you inclusive of the day of such service to enter an appearance or to cause an appearance to be entered for you in the Probate or Principal Registry of the Probate Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice to the caveat entered by you in the personal estate and effects of William Brown late of Sutton in the County of Surrey grocer who died at High street Sutton aforesaid on or about the 23rd day of November 1902 and to set forth your interest And take notice that in default of your so doing the said court will proceed to do all such acts matters and things as shall be needful and necessary to be done in and about the premises

[Signed here by the Registrar] Issued at the instance of John King of Elm Lodge Mitcham in the County of Surrey the sole executor of the last will and testament dated the 15th day of October 1902 of the said William Brown deceased by Adam and Smith of 492 Chancery lane London W C his solicitors whose address for service is 492 Chancery lane aforesaid

This document is served in the ordinary way, an endorsement is made of the date and mode of service, and signed by the person who effects service. At the expiration of the time prescribed, search is made in the books at the registry to ascertain whether an appearance has been entered to the warning. If no appearance has been entered, an affidavit of service and of search and non-appearance is made and filed. The fact of non-appearance to the warning is taken as evidence that the caveator does not desire to continue his opposition to the grant being made, and it will accordingly be proceeded with as if no caveat had been entered.

If, on the other hand, an appearance is entered, this amounts to a notice of definite hostility, and an action has to be commenced unless one or other of the parties will give way. An action in the Probate Division is commenced by writ as in other Divisions of the High Court, but there is this difference, that whereas in the Chancery and King's Bench Divisions writs are issued as a matter of course, they are not issued in probate matters until an affidavit has been made and filed proving the interest of the plaintiff in the estate, and verifying his claim as endorsed on the writ.

In some cases an action will not be necessary after appearance, but an application can be made to the Registrar in chambers by summons, or a motion made direct to the court asking for a grant notwithstanding the caveat.

Subducting a Caveat.-A caveator on being served with a warning has several courses open to him. He may enter an appearance or refrain from doing so; or he may sign a consent to the grant going to the applicant (who may be some other person than the person whom he was desirous to prevent obtaining a grant) or he may withdraw the caveat. This last course is technically termed Subducting the caveat. (To be continued. Commenced in No. 1.)

COMPETITION FOR TYPEWRITING
STUDENTS.

THE AWARDS.

We have pleasure in announcing the awards in the Typewriting Competition for students taking lessons in schools which has been in progress since 7th Feb. last. The high quality of the work and the very large number of competitors made the adjudication a task of considerable difficulty. We have to thank teachers and others for valued help, and for letters expressive of appreciation of the practical and useful character of the competition to those taking part in it. The following are the prize-winners:

FIRST PRIZE (10s.)-Miss E. A. Richardson, 3 Ravensbourne road, Catford, S.E. (Instructor, Miss M. W. Rudd, 9 Fenchurch street, London, E.C.)

SECOND PRIZE (7s. 6d.)-Miss E. Halliday, 87 Corfield street, Bethnal Green road, London, E. (Instructor, Mr P. R. Sharman, London School Board, Mansford street, Bethnal Green, E.)

THIRD PRIZE (5s.)—Miss J. Glover, 15 Tollington place, Finsbury Park, London, N. (Instructor, Mr W. Pates, London School Board, Montem street, N.)

FOURTH PRIZE (5s.)—Mr H. T. Clarke, 35 Friar street, Worcester (Instructor, Mr R. H. Carrad, Victoria Institute, Worcester.)

A TELL-TALe Envelope.-An American has invented an envelope which records of itself any attempt to tamper with its contents. The flap is imbued with some chemical composition which when operated on by a dampening process or any other means of penetrating to its enclosure records the transaction by causing the words Attempt to open" to appear.

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A WIRELESS TELEGRAPH NEWSPAPER.-The first, and probably the only, newspaper wholly dependent upon wireless despatches was recently started at Avalon, on Santa Catalina Island, twenty-five miles out in the Pacific Ocean off the Californian coast. The newspaper is called the "Wireless," and prints every morning news of the world received by wireless messages. There is no cable to the island. The news is sent daily by the correspondent of the paper at Los Angeles.

INC. SOCIETY OF SHORTHAND TEACHERS AND NATIONAL FEDERATION OF S.W.A's.

CONFERENCE PROGRAM.

The following is the program of the Joint Annual Conference of the Incorporated Society of Shorthand Teachers and National Federation of S. W.A's. to be held in the Town Hall and Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield, on Saturday, 30th May, and Whit Monday, 1st June.

SATURDAY, 30th May.

9.15 a.m.-Executive Meeting, I.S.S.T.

10.30

a.m.-TOWN HALL, SHEFFIELD. Reception by the Right Hon. The Lord Mayor of Sheffield, Mr Alderman J. Wycliffe Wilson, J.P. (Chairman, Evening Schools Sub-Committee, New Educational Authority).

11.15 a.m.-Address, "The Place of the Specialist in Commercial Education," Rev. A. B. Haslam, M.A. (head master, Sheffield Royal Grammar School, Member of the Higher Education Sub-Committee).

Opening Speaker, Sir Henry Stephenson (Chairman, New Educational Authority).

1. p.m.-Lunch, Carlton Restaurant, High street, or Central Café, High street.

2.15 p.m.--CUTLERS' HALL, SHEFFIELD.

4

6

9

Presidential Address, Mr H. E. Blain, F. Inc. S.T. (Liverpool). Paper, "The Educative Influences of Phonography," by Mr F. J. Hallett, F. Inc.S.T. (Taunton).

Opening Speakers, Mr F. Heelis, F. Inc.S.T. (Leeds), Mr G. F. Sandiford, F.Inc.S.T. (Manchester).

p.m.-Annual General Meeting, as per Notice and

Agenda.

p.m.-Annual Dinner, Carlton Restaurant. To be followed by a musical program arranged by Mr J. A. Rodgers, L.R.C.M. (Sheffield). WHIT MONDAY, 1st June.

a.m.-Federation Executive Meeting.

10.30 a.m.-CUTLERS' HALL, Sheffield. Reception by the Master Cutler, A. J. Hobson, Esq. President's Address, Mr E. Helm, F.N.S.A, (Stockport).

11.15 a.m.-Chairman, Mr A. Nixon, F.C.A., F.C.S., F.N.S.A. (Manchester). Paper, “Association Failures," Mr A. McQ. Hallam (Haslingden). Opening Speaker, Mr F. B. Bickerstaffe (Hull). Paper, Shorthand, Is it a help or a hindrance? Mr G. E. Pearson (Sunderland). Opening Speaker, Mr J. Brodie, A.N.S.A. (Newcastle-on-Tyne).

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p.m.-Federation Annual Business Meeting. 5.15 p.m.-Tea, to be followed by social evening.

A special Exhibition of Shorthand and Commercial Works will be held during the Conference days by Sir I. Pitman and Sons, Ltd., at the Cutlers' Hall, full particulars of which are embodied in a circular which may be had with all other information from the Secretaries, Mr J. Griffiths, 42 Gordon street, Coventry (Federation), Mr W. H. Jones, 8 Birch Grove, Rusholme, Manchester (Inc. S.S.T.).

A cordial invitation is extended to all ladies and gentlemen interested in Commercial Education to attend the above meetings.

FOREIGN COMMERCIAL EXERCISES.

GERMAN. 80.

BERGWERKS1-UND HÜTTENGESELLSCHAFTEN1.*

Zur Deckung des hauptsächlichsten3 Geldbedarfes3 ist die Ausgabe von vierprocentigen Obligationen, welche durch Errichtung einer Hypothek an erster Stelle auf die in Bayern gelegenen Werke sichergestellt werden, beabsichtigt, und zwar soll unter Rückzahlungs des auf dem Hypothekenconto derzeit bestehenden Restbetrages' von 2,431,564 M. ein Obligationsanlehen von insgesammt 8 Millionen-von dem jedoch zunächst 10 nur 4 Millionen begeben werden sollen aufgenommen werden. Die dazu erforderlichen 12 vorbereitenden Verhandlungen14 mit zwei grossen Bankinstituten in München sind bereits abgeschlossen. Die Aufnahme dieser Obligationsschuld bezw. die Aufbringung17 der Zinsen kann für die Actionäre vorübergehend is allerdings eine Einbusse19 an ihrer Dividende im Gefolge haben. Der Vorstands-bericht bemerkt dazu:,, Es wird dies aber nur während der Bauperiode in Erscheinung treten, und wird nach Inbetriebnahme des neuen Bergwerks unser mit Eisensteinfeldern in erheblichem Umfange26 ausgestattetes26 Unternehmen auf Grundlagen gestellt, welche die Ergebnisse unseres Betriebes in der förderlichsten Weise beeinflussen werden." Die Generalversammlung genehmigte die Berichte des Vorstandes und Aufsichtsrathes, sowie die Bilanz und das Gewinn- und Verlustconto, ferner die vorgeschlagene Gewinn-vertheilung (16 03 pCt. Dividende) und ertheilte Decharge33. Ferner genehmigte die Versammlung einstimmig die Vorschläge der Direction und des Aufsichtsraths bezüglich der Aufnahme der Anleihe.-Der Kapitalist.

I..I mining and smelting companies; 2 covering, providing for; 3, 3 necessary capital; 4 emission; 5 establishing, creation; 6 secured; 7 intended; 8 repayment; 9 balance; 10 first of all; 11 given out, issued; 12 requisite, necessary; 13 preparatory, preliminary; 14 negotiations; 15 taking up, absorption by the public; 16 (beziehungs-weise) or rather; 17 bringing up, getting together, making provision for the payment; 18 passing, transitory, temporary; 19 lost; 20 report of the directors; 21..21 come into notice, be perceptible, happen; 22 taking the work in hand; 23 iron stone districts, iron mines; 24 important; 25 extent; 26 endowed, equipped; 27 foundation, basis; 28 results; 29 most favourable; 30 sanctioned, approved; 31 board, committee; 32 proposed; 33, 33 accorded discharge, adopted the report and accounts; 34 unanimously; 35 with reference.

ENGLISH VERSION OF LAST WEEK'S EXERCISE.

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Mr John Willis Cloud, for twenty years, for improvements in automatic hydraulic brakes.

Compagnie Générale de Traction Électrique. Certificate of addition to the patent numbered 24,372, for a contact case for electric trams, to take the current from the level of the ground.

H. Thiemann Industrie Werke Company for twenty years, for a certain industrial product.

The Compagnie Française de l'Acetilène Dissous, for twenty years, for a process for the production of the gas by means of specially described apparatus.

Dr Adolf Grünfeld, for twenty years, for a process to prepare a solution of Indian chestnuts, which may be employed in substitution of coffee.

Ernesto Stassano, for twenty years, for a rotary electric furnace for the reduction of minerals and refining of metals. -Diario Mercantil.

PITMAN'S SHORTHAND AND TYPE=

WRITING YEAR BOOK, 1904.

Colonial and Foreign secretaries of S.W.A's., and principals of schools of shorthand and typewriting, who have not already done so, are invited to send to Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd., Phonetic Institute, Bath, England, without delay, the latest information relative to their respective organizations, including lists of officers, number of members, etc., in the case of S. W. A's, and full business address, and character of teaching in the case of schools. This notification applies only to Colonial and Foreign institutions; we shall invite information relative to the United Kingdom, as usual, later on.

LITERARY NOTES AND GLEANINGS.

The Imperial Tour of T.R.H. the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1901, which included the opening of the Federal Parliament of Australia, was the subject of a volume of very considerable interest to Britons every where, written by Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, K. C.I.E., K. C.V.O., assistant private secretary to H.R.H, during the tour, with the appropriate title "The Web of Empire." This work has now made its appearance in an abridged and handy form, which brings it within the reach of the million, by its inclusion in Macmillan's Sixpenny Series. There are twenty illustrations, principally from the excellent sketches by Sydney P. Hall made during the tour, a route map, which indicates the remarkable extent traversed, and statistical data. From the last named we gather that the whole distance travelled was 50,718 statute miles, and that in the course of his public appearances HR H. shook hands with about 35,000 persons!

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A large amount of information, which adds considerably to our knowledge of Greater Britain, is incorporated in the descriptive account of the tour given in The Web of Empire." The following short excerpt has a special interest for those who make a study of caligraphy. When the Royal party visited the famous Tooth of Buddha in Ceylon, they also inspected the library of Buddhist literature, written on long narrow strips of palm-leaves. The learned librarian," Sir Donald writes, "an amiable yellow-robed monk, shows us some of the finest specimens of Pali caligraphy, and, in explaining to us the modus operandi, proves accidentally that he is himself no mean adept in the art. The writing is produced by scratching the palm-leaf with a sharp instrument, and then rubbing into the little furrows a black pigment of the nature of Indian ink. So it is done now, and so it was done two or more thousand years ago, for things and customs live long and die hard in the unchanging East."

Mr A. Arthur Reade, whose name is familiar to older readers of this Journal as the author of "The Literary Ladder and other interesting contributions to our pages, is a wellknown authority on life assurance, and has probably more articles on the subject and books for the guidance of agency workers to his credit during the last twenty years, than any other present-day writer. He has long cherished the idea of writing a popular account of life assurance, and this project he has now carried out with decided success in his new work entitled The Story of Life Assurance By A. Arthur Reade, editor of Business,' crown 8vo, cloth, 165 pp., fully illustrated, price 5s., published by the author, Wilmslow, Manchester. Mr Reade traces the history of life assurance from the first records of mutual effort to provide for the future down to our own day of magnificent assurance enterprises, in a style which will attract and keep the attention of the general reader from the first chapter to the last of his very interesting and informing book.

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The idea of making a provision for the future is shown by Mr Reade to be as old as history, but it is of more practical interest to know that the honour of being the father of life assurance in this country is claimed for Dr Halley, Astronomer Royal of Great Britain, who constructed a table of mortality in 1687, which he formulated from a series of life registers kept by a German doctor. The oldest table of note, however, is, our author says, the Northampton, completed in 1780. Mr Reade's book is enriched by a wealth of anecdote concerning great men and insurance, and by stories of much interest to all who are insured, or propose to insure, or who are associated with the companies in a professional capacity. In a chapter headed "Provident Authors," Mr Reade shows how well-known authors made provision against the uncertainties of life, and also ably advocated assurance in their publications. Dickens's proposal to the Sun Office is shown.

Among the many advantages which life insurance offers to the provident, Mr Reade very ably demonstrates its superior

security as a medium for investments. The growth of insurance forms the subject of an important chapter. At the beginning of the Victorian era one hundred millions was assured in ordinary offices, at its close the total was over six times that amount, while endowment and industrial policies, which were unknown in 1837, have between them a total of between three and four hundred millions assured. To those good people who have conscientious scruples about life insurance, the chapter on "The Morality of Insurance" may be commended. Mr Reade very aptly shows that many useful things have been denounced as sinful, including writing by sound," and he introduces a portrait of Sir Isaac Pitman in this association.

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The new and enlarged edition of Cassell's " Encyclopædic Dictionary," which is being issued in sixpenny weekly parts, has reached us as far as Part 26, and it can be safely said that the latest parts fully maintain the high standard of excellence on which we have previously dwelt. Two of the plates illustrate 'Crustacea," and are perfect specimens of superior colour printing, while two others, depicting "Crystals" and Diamonds" respectively, eclipse in exquisite colouring and general accuracy the coloured plates issued with far more costly works. The serial additions made in the parts under notice to the Supplementary Volume, induce us to say that this portion of the work is well worthy of the careful perusal and study of those who desire to be well posted about words and phrases which have of late come into use. good example of the complete but compendious explanation of a term will be found in Part 25, where under the heading "Moabite stone," an account is furnished of this interesting archæological discovery, with an illustration and a specimen of a Phoenician inscription. Another good definition is that of the curious "mud volcano of the Caucasus.

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The last number of Vim, a "magazine of Health and Beauty' contains an extremely effective illustration of Milkmaids' Dance round the Maypole, specially drawn by Liddall Armitage. The literary contents include the address of the Editor (Mr J. E. McLachlan) to the Incorporated Phonographic Society on Shorthand Writing a Sedentary Calling." The other contents of the magazine are of an astonishingly varied character, ranging from the treatment of cancer to the penalties of playgoing (the queue system) and anti-vaccination.

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An edition of Tennyson's "In Memoriam," specially intended for young people, to whom the understanding of the poem may be difficult, is promised by Messrs Swan Sonnenschein and Co. It was prepared by the late Mr C. Mansford, who was vice-principal of Westminster Training College. With each stanza. or set of stanzas, there is given a little prose analysis, chiefly explanatory. There are also many general notes tending to elucidate "In Memoriam" as a poetic essay on life and death. It is studied in four sections, the past life," 'the future life," the present life," and the new life."

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We have received a copy of the Spring Catalogue of Messrs G. Routledge and Sons, Ltd., Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C, which affords striking evidence of the enterprise of the new directors. It forms a book of 176 demy 8vo pages, with particulars of new editions and reprints of about 400 of the most famous authors of the world, from Homer to Tennyson and Longfellow among the poets, and of all the great novelists, including Lytton, Mayne Reid and Harrison Ainsworth. The catalogue is rich in standard works and valuable books of reference at popular prices.

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The Spanish were mad with joy at the news, and to secure the riches of Perú their leader came back again, and with a small army did the most shameful acts. The Indian Emperor soon found out that it was not love of God or ambition which animated Pizarro in taking him captive. It was greed for gold. So he told his captor that if he would set him free he would engage to fill the room in which they stood with gold as high as he could reach, and standing on tiptoe he stretched out his hand against the wall. The Spaniard agreed to this, and drew a red line round the wall at the point which the Emperor had touched. The room was 17 feet broad by 22 feet long, and the line round the walls was nine feet from the floor. This space was to be filled with articles of gold, and the Emperor also agreed to fill a second room, which was not so big as the other, twice over full of silver.

As soon as the agreement was made, the Emperor sent his people to the chief places in his kingdom to bring in the gold. In a short time vast treasures of gold and silver were accumulated, which the Spaniards took to Spain. There is no record in all

history of such an immense booty in gold and silver having ever been taken by a little band of armed men, as Pizarro and his men took home. Though he had received this great gift, and had promised to spare the life of the Emperor, Pizarro treated his poor captive with great indignity, and had him put to death. But Fate ordained that Pizarro should himself meet with a violent death:

For gold the Spaniard cast his soul away,-
His gold and he were every nation's prey.

I knew, now, how great my uncle's rage was; for nothing short of his being almost beside himself would have induced him to utter that concluding word, which he held in such repugnance that it was never spoken or hinted at before him on any account. "On my death," he repeated, as if he were defying me by defying his own abhorrence of the word. "On my deathdeath-Death! But I'll spoil the speculation. Eat your last under this roof, you feeble wretch, and may it choke you!"

You may suppose that I had not much appetite for the breakfast

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