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NOTICES.

Each Notice should be written on one side only of a separate piece of paper. Every Notice under the head of Correspondence must give full name and address.

Correspondents are requested to write their address clearly in ordin ary longhand. If they wish to receive replies in Phonography, a star should be attached to the name; thus, John Smith.*

Notices of all kinds must reach Bath at least eleven days before the date of the Journal for which they are intended.

Every communication addressed to the Editor of this Journal must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer.

Exercises Corrected Gratis (enclose stamped and addressed envelope) by
Nunn T. Louis. c/o R. Lawson, esq., 273 Dewsbury rd., Leeds
Lyndridge A W., F.I.P.S., 48 Norfolk avenue, Southend-on-Sea.

Correspondence, etc. 1d. per line of ten words.

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Shorthand writer (Pitman's system) desires correspondence in Corresponding Style. John Adams, 5 Wilton rd., Colliers Wood, Merton, Surrey.

Phonographer wishes to meet with another for mutual speed practice in Matlock district, or would give assistance to learners in return for dictation. Wm. Davison, 3 St Giles terr., Matlock Town.

For assistance in shorthand, advertiser, through Manual, would dictate to phonographer in King's Lynn. Address, Riverside, Spread Eagle, King's Lynn.

Shorthand teacher (lady), would like lessons in French in return for tuition in shorthand. G. A. P., 38 Alfred st., Islington, London, N. Correspondence desired with both sexes in all parts in Easy Corresponding Style. Frank W. Colton, 15 Thorold rd., Chatham. Correspondence desired in the Reporting Style. Lim Koon Tye (Chinese), c/o Guthrie and Co., Ltd., Singapore, Straits Settlements. [24] Harold G. Allen would be pleased to correspond with phonographers in all parts of the world (Great Britain excepted), for mutual benefit. 33 Myrtle villas, Ropery rd., Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England. Pictorial Post Cards. Correspondence (longhand) desired. Views preferred. English or foreign. Carrie T. Brockwell, Borough rd., Kingston hill, Surrey, England.

Pictorial Post Cards. Correspondence in colonial and foreign countries wanted. Shorthand or longhand. Alexander Wright, Spread Eagle Estate, King's Lynn, England.

Pictorial correspondence invited. Prompt replies to all. Shorthand or English. E. Holbein Paul, 23 Belvoir rd., Bishopston, Bristol. [19]

Disposal.-Surplus stock unused pictorial post cards. Clearance 41d dozen. Worth treble. Halmshaw, North st., Heckmondwike. Miss Margaret A. Ross, 21 Knowsley rd., Southport, England, desires correspondence in longhand on pictorial post cards. Foreign views preferred. Prompt replies to all good cards. [19]

Associations. 1d. per line of ten words.

Phonetic Shorthand Writers' Association (London District I.P.S.) The Arcadian Restaurant, 8 Queen st., Cheapside.-The principal Shorthand Association in the kingdom. Meetings held every Thursday even ing from 7 to 10. Regular speed practice conducted at various rates by experienced phonographers. Lectures by well-known shorthand writers; discussions, etc. Speed examinations held periodically. Centre for Society of Arts shorthand examination and for Pitman's medal competitions. (Members sit at these examinations and at the I.P.S. Teachers' Exam. at reduced fees.) Shorthand library and other advantages. Fees, including speed practice, 10s 6d per annum or 3s per quarter. All phonographers (ladies or gentlemen) are eligible for membership. Prospectus, with full particulars, on application to Secretary, H. J. Cork, 2 Reedholm road, Stoke Newington, London, N. 241 Newcastle-on-Tyne. Tyneside Phonographers' Association, Church Institute, Hood street. Speed practice, 40 words per minute and upwards, phonographic library, etc. Excellent for those who have just gone through the text-books. Full particulars, Geo. W. Muir, 27 Redheugh Bridge rd., Gateshead. [20]

Evercirculators and Libraries. Id. per line of ten words.

An evercirculator is a manuscript phonographic magazine, consisting of articles written by the individual members, one member acting as conductor. The book passes round, and each round members contribute an article and remarks, or take part in the discussion. A leaflet containing further particulars forwarded from the Phonetic Institute, Bath, on receipt of id stamp.

Evercirculator paper in three varieties, of superior quality, five quires Is 6d; headings and title-pages, 3d per doz.; covers, cloth is., leather Is 6d. Samples for id. Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd. [x] Neat and regular contributors wanted for the Premier. Special features. Particulars stamp. Conductor, B. H. Atkins, 51 Park st., Aylesbury. The New Ideal Evercirculator Illustrated (No. 2). Just commencing. Phonographers (ladies or gentlemen) invited to join; no subscription; entrance fee, 6d only. Send at once, Joseph Archer, 46 Weston st., Coventry.

To Solicitors' Clerks.-Members wanted for evercirculator devoted to the work of the solicitor's clerk. Discussions on points of law, etc. Send stamp for particulars. Lex, 39 Belle vue, Shrewsbury,

The Gordon Shorthand Library circulates all the leading magazines. Subscription 6d per month, is 3d per quarter. Particulars post-free. A

month's trial solicited. Conductor, A. T. Bean, 1 Victoria rd., Stoke Newington, London, N. [22] Rambler Shorthand Library circulates all the shorthand magazines. Subscription, is 3d per quarter; 4s per year. J. Gripton, High st., West Bromwich. 19] The best Library is the Telegraph, established ten years, circulating all the magazines, including Australian magazine; quarterly subscription, Is 3d; always vacancies, particulars stamp. Conductor, J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. (21)

The 20th Century Commercial Library, over 160 books available for the use of members. Shorthand, typewriting, French, German, Spanish, and commercial books, together with copies of all English and foreign shorthand magazines. Subscription one penny per week. Splendid opportunity of studying large selections of works at a small cost. Full particulars for stamp. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E. [21] Second-hand Books, Shorthand or Phonetic, for Sale, or Exchange, or Wanted, id. per line of ten words; Miscellaneous Books, 3d. per line. For sale, new and second-hand Shorthand and Commercial books and magazines. List post-free. A. T. Bean, I Victoria rd., Stoke Newington, London, N. [22]

Wanted. Twentieth Century Instructor, in exchange for other shorthand and book-keeping books. G. Matthews, 45 Benson st., Cambridge. For sale, Cassell's Encyclopedic Dictionary (84s), unbound, 30s, or offer; Blackie's Dictionary, 8 vols. (60), 40s; Cassell's Encyclopædia, 8 vols. (48s), 32s; Phonographic Dictionary, 2s 6d; all new, in perfect condition; Shorthand Test Exercises, slightly soiled, 7d. Fipssist, 48 Norfolk avenue, Southend-on-Sea.

Pitman's Book-keeping Simplified, Advanced Book-keeping (new), and Pitman's Commercial Correspondence. For sale or exchange for Phonetic Journals. Harris, 19 Goulden st., Battersea, London. [19]

Wanted, books of every description relating to business training, typewriting and shorthand.' Good condition, No post cards. George Hamson, Stoke Green, Coventry.

For sale, Phonetic Journal, vol. 61, clean and in perfect condition, 3s 6d, carriage inclusive. W. Gray, Woodside, Witton Park, via Darlington. What offers? Phonetic Journal, unbound, September, 1899, to December, 1902, nos June, 1900, to December, 1902, in perfect condition. G. F. Hodges, Richmond, Upper Deal. Wanted, Kain's Solicitor's Book-keeping. State price, Carey,* Lyde cottage, Sion hill, Bath.

Extensive accumulation phonographic literature, including complete volumes, 5s worth, is 6d. Manuals, 9d; Shorthand Weeklies, 10d vol. ; Reporters' Magazine, vol. 22, 2s; Reporters' Journal, 2s (unbound). Halmshaw, 13 Harvey rd., Hornsey.

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Wanted, nos. 1, 2 and 3, vol. 61, Phonetic Journal. W. J. J., 1 Amen Corner, London, E.C.

For sale, vol, of Reporters' Journal for 1901 (unbound), 38; vol. of Reporters' Magazine for 1902 (unbound), 3s; Shorthand Prayer Book (gilt edges), 2s 6d. Thomas Beach, Toddington, Winchcombe, Glos.

For sale, post free.-Several bocks, including French, geography and history. Send for list. G. M. Moon, Ham hill, Radstock.

Wanted, modern shorthand and commercial books in exchange for Stuart's Dictionary of Architecture, 2 vols, 1,000 plates. Ernest Emms,

Dereham.

Hall and Knight's Elementary Algebra, with answers, 1s 3d. G. H. Haye, 30 Green st., Jersey.

Cheap shorthand reading.-For sale, Watren Hastings (by Macaulay), cloth, is; The Sign of Four, cloth, is; Little Things of Nature, cloth, 7d; The Haunted Man, cloth, Is; Tales from Dickens, cloth, Is; Warren Hastings, in original paper covers, complete, 9d; also Parkyn's Illustrated Shorthand Monthly, vol 1, cloth, Is 6d; all in Reporting Style, first-class condition. A quantity of old magazines to be given away; send 6d to cover cost of packing, postage, etc. Webster, 5 Albion st., Morley. For sale, Reporters' Journal for 1902 (unbound), clean and in good condition. What cash offers? Roberts, 17 Edith rd., Liverpool.

For sale, Teacher and Exercises, Reporting Exercises (second-hand), the lot 7d, post-free Thomas, 39 Haven green, Ealing, London, W. Thousands of books and magazines (shorthand) for sale, all good condition. If you require anything, you cannot do better than drop me a line, with stamp, stating requirements, and I can meet them. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. 27] 6s worth shorthand Reading practice for the coming holidays, etc. magazines in new condition, all different, post-free, Is 6d, sent any part of the world for money order for 2s; splendid and unequalled value. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London. 127

For sale, few copies of Oliver McEwan's Verbatim Reporting, post-free Is Id. J. H. Simmons, 2 Rokeby rd., Brockley, London, S.E.

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TO SHORTHAND LEARNERS.-Students commencing the study of Pitman's Shorthand are recommended to obtain the "Phonographic Teacher," 6d. ; " Key," 6d.; and "Progressive Studies," IS.; or "Pitman's Shorthand Instructor," 3s. nd. These Books can be obtained of all Booksellers, or from the Publishers. Students desiring a teacher may be put in communication with one on sending a penny stamp to Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., Phonetic Institute, Bath.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.-This Journal may be ordered through any Bookseller, Newsagent, or Railway Bookstall, or by post direct from the Fublishers. The terms to all parts of the world are Is. 8d. per quarter; 38. 3d. per half year; or 6s. 6d. per year, payable in advance. Subscriptions may commence with any number. Monthly part, 5d., post-free 7d.; terms of subscription same as above.

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In a paper read at the last London Conference of the I.P.S. it was remarked that the poets have not yet awakened to the marvels of the modern machine, and that when they do become aware of the facts, we shall have poems of the actual. Perhaps that awakening is not very far off. Mr Henley, at all events, in his striking verses, the title of which heads this article, has felt the inspiration of that prosaic object, the motor-car. Summed and contained in its pipes and its cylinders he sees the strength of "some seventy-five horses, seventy-five puissant, superb fellow-creatures;" but it is the achievement of this wonderful construction that makes the burden of his song. It has accomplished the miracle of speed. Speed accordingly is the keynote of this Twentieth century poem.

That a poet should realize that there is a charm, a fascination, a marvel, in speed that is the outcome of human contrivances, lends a certain element of novelty to Mr Henley's verse. He has entered a region which the poets have mostly shrunk from exploring. Others, no doubt, will follow, now that the possibilities of the region stand revealed. There is much more yet to be said for speed from the purely human standpoint. A thousand contrivances, beside the motor-car, are with us to-day helping the world with speed. Speed as a chattel," speed in our daily account and economy," speed as an integral element in the new scheme of life:" we knew it all as part of the prose of life. Hence.

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forth we are all to be conscious of its poetic aspects. Much that Mr Henley has to say is as applicable to other things as to motor-cars. Of shorthand and typewriting it is true that "mind after mind, on fire with discovery, filled full with the fruits of an hundred fat years, and mad with the dreams and desires of to day," has "toiled itself dull" to produce a successful achiever of speed.

We are accustomed to dwell on the merely utilitarian value of speed. That side of the fact we cannot indeed afford to overlook, but it is as well not to forget that there is another side. Shorthand that enables so much to be written in a little time, shorthand that enables the hand to keep pace with the tongue, typewriting that saves the time of many a busy worker and multiplies the output of many a literary man: these things add their quota to the general result of all modern contrivances for speed. They aid materially in that enrichment of experience, that variety that makes life for the individual so much fuller, so much more thronged with interest and attractiveness than was the more sluggish life of our forefathers. Some there be who will shake their heads and shrug their shoulders over such a proposition. But they are those whose eyes have not been opened.

Speed is one of the imperative demands of human nature to-day. Shorthand and typewriting, like the motor-car, have come in response to that demand. We can no more eliminate the item of speed from our lives to-day than we can alter the courses of the stars. He who would live a life of usefulness has to cultivate speed in one form or other, and can never succeed unless he does so. It is futile to grumble, fatuous to cavil at the necessity for accomplishing much and accomplishing it quickly. It has to be done; and it would be better to see the picturesque side of the fact, to emulate Mr Henley in realizing the poetry of speed. Some day we may have a new song on the same theme-a song that shall celebrate the achievements of shorthand, and charm the world with the story of the typist's skill. The "twin arts" are as much entitled to a poem as the newer invention, the motor-car.

Mr M. E. Asger desires correspondents to note that his address is now 45 Wyndham street, P.O. Box 31, Hongkong, China.

Our Spanish contemporary El Mundo Taquigráfico, of Madrid, is translating and republishing under the title Sir Isaac Pitman by Altred Pitman," the brochure in English and French entitled "Sir Isaac Pitman's Phonography: its origin, development, and present position," which was prepared for the Paris Exhibition. Our contemporary introduces its translation with the following complimentary sentence: "Being at all times desirous of honouring the memory of the grand personalities of shorthand, we translate this little book throughout, and reproduce the engravings which illustrate it, feeling sure that we are doing a good work.'

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The rules of the Association Générale de la Presse Sténographique, founded in 1900, have just been issued from the Secrétariat Général, 23 rue Duvivier, Paris. The publication is embellished by a frontispiece containing portraits of the following officers of the Association: Hon. President, Dr Clemens (Germany); President, M. J. Depoin (France); Vice-Presidents, Herr B. Gaster (Germany), Herr Max Baeckler (Germany), Mr Alfred Pitman (England), Mr Jerome Howard (United States); General Secretary, M. A. Navarre (France); Treasurer, M. G. de Villefaigne (France).

Many of the new Education Committees are declining to allow reporters to attend their meetings, on the ground that the lately created educational bodies are only committees of the Councils, and that other committees are not open to the Press. The last mentioned contention does not, of course, apply in many large towns, but even where committees are not reported, it must be acknowledged that the new bodies show a very restricted conception of their position. They are the successors of the School Boards, and for many years the proceedings of these bodies were reported in the newspapers. Journalists who were in practice when Mr Forster's Act set up School Boards will, however, remember that the deliberations of these bodies were only thrown open to the Press as the result of considerable agitation. The example of the Manchester Education Committee in unanimously passing a resolution requesting the Council to allow it to admit representatives of the Press, may be commended to other Committees throughout the country.

The results of the speed examination of the I.S.S.T. held at the Municipal School of Science and Technology, Richmond terrace, Brighton, have now been received. Sixteen candidates have been successful at rates ranging from 60 to 120 words per minute, nine of whom have been awarded Distinction certificates. One candidate, Miss Florence G. Avis, has secured one of the prizes offered by the Society. The classes re-assembled, with a large attendance, for the summer term on Thursday, 16th April. A speed examination will be held at the school in June next. The instructor of the classes is Mr V. W. E. Brooks (teacher's diploma), of 150 Ditchling road, Brighton, who will be pleased to supply any information respecting the classes,

TYPEWRITING NOTES.

Those who sometimes find it necessary to write in twɔ colours will welcome the new polychrome attachment to the Remington typewriter. A touch on the ribbon gear will bring an alternative colour into position, and another touch will throw it out again. This is very much quicker and more effective than the old method, involving the use of a strip of carbon paper. The ribbons provided for use with this attachment have a wide section of one colour, and a narrow section of a second colour. Various combinations are manufactured, such as black and red, purple and red.

Among attachments bdly wanted in connection with the typewriter is a device for feeding envelopes quickly and accurately, so that the operator confronted with the task of addressing several hundreds of envelopes shall not have to feed each one in by hand. It may be doubted whether the typewriter is really much quicker than the pen in envelope addressing. The point is, of course, of great importance in connection with circularizing, for the addressing of the envelopes, as things are, takes a great deal of time as compared with the production of the circulars themselves.

The editor of El Tipismo, the Spanish monthly journal devoted to typewriting, makes a complimentary allusion in the last issue to our recent notice of his periodical, and at the same time takes the opportunity to disclaim an opinion we attributed to him in regard to the writing machine. We very readily publish below a translation of the disclaimer of our contemporary: "Pitman's Phonetic Journal says that we are not satisfied with American typewriters, which is not what we said or wished to say; what we said and now repeat and deplore is, that we in Spain are still all behind in the matter of typewriters, because up to the present we have not made any attempt to manufacture one of our own, while other nations, even as far off as Japan, have taken the task in hand. Far from being dissatisfied with American machines, there are many which we think excellent. What we want is to put ourselves on the high level of America and England, and other advanced nations."

A writer in the Court Journal suggests that a girl clerks' club upon a big scale, capable of catering for two or three thousand members, should be started. He claims that "to carry out the idea of a Typewriters' Club for City girls does not need even benevolence, for undoubtedly it would more than pay its way if well managed." The idea has, of course, been carried out on a comparatively small scale in the Enterprise Club. It is open to doubt if it is at all practicable on a large scale. Apparently, what is wanted is a ring of small clubs, accessible to clerks in different parts of the City. One huge club would not be within range of the thousands of women workers in London. Possibly, as the Enterprise develops, we shall see affiliated institutions spring up to cater for other centres. As it is, the existing club is central, and well placed for the clerks within half a mile of London Bridge.

The Stationery Trades Journal for April tells us that "a new post card for the typewriter has been invented. The post card proper forms the centre of a piece of cardboard of the length of the usual platen of the typewriter, and of correspondingly greater width. A perforation runs round the post card proper, by which means the same can be separated from the surrounding framing portion after the card has been covered on the machine.' The practical operator is tempted to criticise, "What a waste of good stuff!" There is no difficulty whatever in using the regular official thin post cards on the typewriter. It is true that they cannot be absolutely filled with typewriting; but why should they be? They would look very ugly if they were, and the postal regulations in this country are now so liberal as regards the maximum size allowable for post cards, that he must be a very parsimonious correspondent indeed who desires to fill every available corner with writing,

OUR PORTRAIT GALLERY.

MR E. GAUNTLETT, F.I.P.S.

Mr Edward Gauntlett, who holds the position of professor of English literature and Latin in the Government College at Okoyama, Japan, is a phonographer whose experience of the world has been unique. He is the second son of Canon Gauntlett, and was born at Swansea, in South Wales, in the year 1868. After a few years at a private school in that town, he was sent to the Grammar School there, then under the management of the Rev. John Young, an able educationist. Thence he was sent to the Grammar School at Brighton, where he remained for several years.

In 1889, like so many other young Britons, he crossed the Atlantic in quest of fortune. Nearly a year and a half was spent in the United States and in the Western regions of Canada; but

engagements were not so readily obtained, nor were the chances of success so abundant as had been anticipated. Sickness supervened, and things looked bad. How serious the position became at one time may be guessed from the fact that in order to make the journey by sea from the States to Canada, the young emigrant was fain to accept a subordinate post on a small coasting steamer. Things were not always at this low ebb, and if Mr Gauntlett failed to accumulate wealth during his stay on the American continent, he succeeded in availing himself to some purpose of the many opportunities for observing men and things there. And one fact that forced itself upon his attention was that the people of

times whether he could teach shorthand, and was obliged to answer "No." But the requests set him thinking, and he determined to master the subject thoroughly. By dint of hard work, and as much practice as it was possible to get in Japan-necessarily less prolific of suitable opportunities than his native landhe got enough skill with his accomplishment to be able to report speeches and sermons verbatim. Before he reached this stage of proficiency he began teaching, explaining to his pupils that he was not a professional writer. His services as an instructor in Phonography came more and more into request, and he has taught the subject since to many boys and young men, most of whom are now occupying positions which they were only able to gain through their knowledge of shorthand. Teaching shorthand to Europeans in Japan is not always quite satisfactory. Many of them are the sons of missionaries, whose parents get transferred from place to

place, so that they have perforce to leave their teacher before he has piloted them through the text-books. Mr Gauntlett always recommends shorthand very strongly to students as an accomplishment useful to them in contributing to the efficiency of their studies.

Before he had been in Japan for two years he conceived the idea of working out a new system of shorthand for the Japanese language, based on Pitman's Phonography. There were already three or four systems published by Japanese authors, constructed on the basis of Phonography. But looking into them carefully and critically, he came to the conclusion that, although they were ingenious and creditable to their authors, they were crude, and that something more practicable ought to be produced. After about six years' work and much painstaking experimenting, he succeeded in inventing a system which he styles "Phonographia Japonica." Of this system he claims that it can be written with about half the pen movements of the system at present used in the Japanese Houses of Parliament.

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the United States seemedia (From a photo by M. Lusanagi, Okoyama, Japan.) to recognise much more amply than most English people did, the importance of a knowledge of shorthand. Shortband schools were plentiful, and private instructors were flourishing. Two years before leaving this country he had himself begun to study Phonography, but the pursuit was not carried very far at the time. He received exactly two lessons in the subject, the only lessons he has ever had, and then let it drop. But he had the books, and now and then he opened them and studied their contents a little. He liked the subject, but had no immediate use for it. However, thanks to his study, intermittent though it was, he acquired the power to read the New Testament in Phonography.

In the year 1890 he went to Japan, and became a teacher of English in that country. He taught it in connection with mission work, and secured appointments in Government schools. He was asked several

He has been teaching it since to his students; many of them use it daily for the purpose of taking notes of lectures, etc. His own conviction of the value of shorthand is so great that he urges the subject on all bis pupils, although some of them do not at first display for it quite as much enthusiasm as he invariably manifests himself.

He gained Pitman's Full Certificate in August, 1901, Pitman's Teacher's Certificate in November of the same year, and the I.P.S. Teacher's Diploma in April, 1902. He has now been elected a Fellow of the last-named Society, and a local representative for Japan.

Another subject to which he devotes much of his spare time is electricity. He calls it a pastime, but he seems to have studied it to some purpose, for he is able to say that he is now making an electric clock of his own invention. He has telegraphic and telephonic communication with every part of his house, and everybody in it, the servants excepted, writes shorthand. When his electric clock is finished, he intends to connect it with branch clocks in every room in the house.

THE MAKING OF A TYPEWRITER

BUSINESS.

The Yost Typewriter Company's business is a very good example of the building up, and the rapid modern growth which are such marked features in the typewriter world, both with this and other leading Companies. The latest departure of the Yost Company has been to secure fresh premises for the advertising and other departments of the business which are distinct from the sales department. During its thirteen years' existence the Yost Company has had its headquarters on Holborn Viaduct, first at No. 40, and for the last seven years in its present fine position at No. 50. But during that time growth and extension of premises to meet the demands of the business have been the order of the day. About five years ago a branch was opened in Oxford street, and about a year ago a City office was opened in Cannon street. The Company has besides these and the Head Offices twenty English branches, and in the Metropolis alone thirty travellers are employed in the sales department of the business, while the number of persons employed by the Company in England reaches a total of 500.

Extensive as are the Yost premises at No. 50 Holborn Viaduct, for some time past the advertising department has had to be accommodated in part of the premises at No. 41. But the Yost Company has other departments to accommodate, and a new departure has just been made to bring these departments all into one place, except, of course, the sales department at No. 50. The Company has now taken one entire floor at Nos. 43 and 44, only a few doors from the headquarters, and in these premises will be accommodated the Advertising Department, under Mr Maughan, with a spacious room to itself, the Circularizing Department, a special room for Mr Palser, and the Government Department, and then special accommodation is also provided for the Employment Department, and for another interesting feature in the Scholastic Department. In the last named, special training will be given to teachers desiring it, to fit them for work in the various schools where the Yost typewriter is taught, and here, too, candidates for employment will be tested in their shorthand and typewriting before being recommended to employers.

In answer to a question about the early days of the Yost, the London Manager reminded us that in those days it was not simply a case of asking people to buy a thing for which there was already a demand, the public had to be educated up to the use of the typewriter. In this the Yost not only had to take its share, but also had to enter into competition with other machines which were already very well known. The Yost was not known, and curiously enough it was on account of the novel features of the pad and centre guide, which had since proved to be their strong points, that it was predicted by competitors that it would not succeed. "Under those circumstances," he added, "it required a strong man to steer the ship of the Yost against competition, but in Mr Bartholomew, our Managing Director, we have a man who has built up a business which has now branches and ramifications all over the world. He is one of those great business men who not only has the brains, but also the good fortune to make a success of anything he takes in hand.

"I daresay you know that we have fitted up the Cunard steamship Campania with a Yost for the Typewriting Room."

"Yes, it has been mentioned in the Journal, which was, we believe, the first to call public attention to the advantages which such an arrangement would sometimes be to business men when crossing the Atlantic."

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We have also made arrangements with the Cunard Company for all their ships, but a trial is being made first on the Campania. A similar arrangement has just been concluded with the North German Lloyd, and we have equipped their newest steamship, the Kaiser Wilhelm II., on her maiden trip from Southampton to New York, with a Yost machine and a stenographer on board. This is also a trial, and others will follow. Since the new model No. 10 Light-Running Yost was put upon the market six months ago, it has met with wonderful success. To meet the demand the factory has kept going night and day, and we don't think we have reached the limit yet, for it is acknowledged on all sides that the typewriter business is only in its infancy.

Yes, it is true that the great difficulty in the first instance was not only to prove the merits of our machine, but we had to deal with a public who didn't know why they should buy a typewriter at all. At first the clerks could not be convinced that the typewriter would not run counter to their own interest. We had to convince the employers, and also the clerks, that the machine was not their enemy. It took years to convince many of them that not only does the typewriter not rob them of their livelihood, but that it meant fresh openings for thousands who would not otherwise have been employed in business at all. So that the typewriter companies have been building up a typewriter business and at the same time have been building up an industry as well. And do you find any considerable number of the public now who want educating up to the use of the typewriter?" we asked.

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Well, we have not now so much to do to convince people that they ought to have a typewriter, but there are very many of the older firms who are still rather slow to take up the typewriter, though generally when they try it they come round. I might mention the instance of a large firm of solicitors in the City of London who have been using our typewriters for the last ten or twelve years, and that next door to them is another firm of solicitors, equally well-known, who happened to want some special copying done in German recently. They asked us to send someone round to do the copying, and when I suggested it should be typed, they seemed surprised and thought that longhand would do. I sent a man, however, with a machine, and they were very pleased with the work turned out. They admitted they had never had a typewriter in their place, and also its great advantage, for by means of the typewriter the copying, which would have lasted two or three days by hand, was done in five hours."

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You would be surprised to know what a large number of persons still hire a typewriter, and many of them go on doing this when it would be cheaper to buy one. We have hundreds of machines out on hire, and, of course, it leads to openings for sales, but, in some cases, although we have asked them again and again why they don't save money by purchasing a machine, they have actually gone on hiring for long enough to cost them enough to pay for the sale price of a machine. In one case, a gentleman went on hiring for two or three years and then decided to purchase a machine, when he might very well have saved the price of the machine and more by purchasing outright."

BOOK-KEEPING EXAMINATION PAPERS.
No. 58.
ELEMENTARY.

A. Barnes began business as a boot and shoe manufacturer at Northampton on 1st March, 1903. He had a capital of £2,000 to his credit at the National Deposit Bank. He hired premises at £100 per annum-rent payable monthlyand he fitted them with the necessary plant and machinery at a cost of £875, which was paid in cash. His transactions during March were as follows:

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