er to him, he will be deceived; and therefore in such cases it is not safe to divide, but to extol the entire still in general. Another case wherein this colour deceiveth, is, when the matter broken or divided is not comprehended by the sense, or made at once in respect of the distracting or scattering of it; and being entire, and not divided, is comprehended: as an hundred pounds in heaps of five pounds, will shew more than in one gross heap, so as the heaps be all upon one table to be seen at once, otherwise not: as flowers growing scattered in divers beds, will shew more than if they did grow in one bed, so as all those beds be within a plot, that they be object to view at once, otherwise not: And therefore men, whose living lieth together in one shire, are commonly counted greater landed than those whose livings are dispersed, though it be more, because of the notice and comprehension. A third case wherein this colour deceiveth, and it is not so properly a case or reprehension, as it is a counter colour, being in effect as large as the colour itself; and that is, omnis compositio indigentiæ cujusdam in singulis videtur esse particeps, because if one thing would serve the turn, it were ever best, but the defect and imperfections of things hath brought in that help to piece them up; as it is said, Martha, Martha, attendis ad plurima, unum sufficit. So likewise hereupon

Æsop framed the fable of the fox and the cat; whereas the fox bragged what a number of shifts and devices he had to get from the hounds, and the cat said he had but one, which was to climb a tree, which in proof was better worth than all the rest ; whereof the proverb grew, multa novit vulpes, sed felis unum magnum. And in the moral of this fable it comes likewise to pass, that a good sure friend is a better help at a pinch, than all the stratagems and policies of a man's own wit. So it falleth out to be a common error in negotiating, whereas men have many reasons to induce or persuade, they strive commonly to utter and use them all at once, which weakneth them. For it argueth, as was said, a neediness in every of the reasons by itself, as if one did not trust to any of them, but fled from one to another, helping himself only with that: Et quæ non prosunt singula, multa juvant. Indeed in a set speech in an assembly, it is expected a man should use all his reasons in the case he handleth, but in private persuasions it is always a great error. A fourth case wherein this colour may be reprehended, is in respect of that same vis unita fortior, according to the tale of the French king, that when the emperor's embassador had recited his master's style at large, which consisteth of many countries and dominions; the French king willed his chancellor, or other minister, to repeat over

France as many times as the other had recited the several dominions; intending it was equivalent with them all, and more compacted and united. There is also appertaining to this colour another point, why breaking of a thing doth help it, not by way of adding a shew of magnitude unto it, but a note of excellency and rarity; whereof the forms are, where shall you find such a concurrence? Great, but not compleat; for it seems a less work of nature or fortune, to make any thing in his kind greater than ordinary, than to make a strange composition. Yet if it be narrowly considered, this colour will be reprehended or encountred, by imputing to all excellencies in compositions a kind of poverty, or at least a casualty or jeopardy; for from that which is excellent in greatness, somewhat may be taken, or there may be a decay, and yet sufficiently left; but from that which hath his price in composition if you take away any thing, or any part do fail, all is disgrace.

6. Cujus privatio bona, malum; cujus privatio mala, bonum. The forms to make it conceived, that that was evil which is changed for the better, are, he that is in hell thinks there is no other heaven. Satis quercus, Acorns were good till bread was found, &c. And of the other side, the forms to make it conceived, that that was good which was changed

T

for the worse are, bona magis carendo quam fruendo sentimus: bona a tergo formosissima: good things never appear in their full beauty, till they turn their back, and be going away, &c. The reprehension of this colour is, that the good or evil which is removed, may be esteemed good or evil comparatively, and not positviely or simply. So that if the privation be good, it follows not the former condition was evil, but less good; for the flower or blossom is a positive good, although the remove of it to give place to the fruit, be a comparative good. So in the tale of Æsop, when the old fainting man in the heat of the day cast down his burden, and called for death; and when death came to know his will with him, said, it was for nothing but to help him up with his burden again. It doth not follow, that because death, which was the privation of the burden, was ill, therefore the burden was good. And in this part, the ordinary form of malum necessarium aptly reprehendeth this colour for privatio mali necessarii est mala, and yet that doth not convert the nature of the necessary evil, but it is evil.

Again, it cometh sometimes to pass, that there is an equality in the change of privation, and as it were a dilemma boni, or a dilemma mali: so that the corruption of the one good, is a generation of the other. Sorti pater æquus utrique est: and

contrary, the remedy of the one evil, is the occasion and commencement of another, as in Scylla and Charybdis.

7. Quod bono vicinum bonum, quod a bono remotum, mulum.

Such is the nature of things, that things contrary, and distant in nature and quality, are also sever'd and disjoined in place; and things like and consenting in quality, are placed, and as it were quartered together: for partly in regard of the nature, to spread, multiply, and infect in similitude; and partly in regard of nature to break, expel, and alter that which is disagreeable and contrary, most things do either associate, and draw near to themselves the like, or at least assimilate to themselves that which approacheth near them, and do also drive away, chase and exterminate their contraries. And that is the reason commonly yielded, why the middle region of the air should be coldest, because the sun and stars are either hot by direct beams, or by reflection. The direct beams heat the upper region, the reflected beams from the earth and seas, heat the lower region. That which is in the midst, being farthest distant in place from these two regions of heat, are most distant in nature, that is coldest, which is that they term cold or hot per antiperistasin; that is, environing by contraries : which was pleasantly taken hold of by him that