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256, is from Captain Beechey. They were strictly honest; and in this respect offer rather a contrast to others of their race, whom Captain Beechey subsequently visited.

Red and blue beads, buttons, knives, and hatchets, were In general request, and readily induced them to sell their ordinary commodities; but tawac, as they called our tobacco, was the great object of the men's desires, and an offer of this, made them part with even their bows and arrows, which they had refused to barter for the usual articles of exchange. Their habits seemed to be very filthy; but they were hospitable, though, after their own fashion. Whenever Captain Beechey visited them, he was received in the most friendly manner; and frequently, to use his own expression, "underwent the full delights of an Esquimaux salutation." A contact of noses, or a smoothing of the visiters' faces with hands, which had been previously licked and applied to their own, was the usual mode of reception; and sometimes, as a most especial mark of regard, a warm embrace and hug, supplied the place of this less-distinguished favour. The choicest delicacies which their means could afford, were then offered; but the guests, with a squeamishness that excited at once the surprise and ridicule of their less scrupulous hosts, could never be prevailed upon to accept the dainty fare. Bowls of blubber and walrus flesh, dishes of whortleberries mashed up with sorrel and rancid trainoil, were left untouched by our fastidious countrymen; the entrails of a fine seal, and a bowl of coagulated blood, shared a similar fate; and even "the raw flesh of the narwhal, nicely cut into lumps, with an equal distribution of black and white fat," displayed its tempting charms in vain. One gentleman only, and he to oblige the Captain, ventured to taste one of the motley mixtures, but at the expense of his appetite for the rest of the day.

It was not till the morning of the 25th of July, that Captain Beechey reached Chamisso Island, only five days later than had been agreed upon by Captain Franklin and himself. No traces of the latter gentlemen were yet to be seen; and Captain Beechey, therefore, proceeded, according to the arrangement, to survey the coast further to the northward, towards the Arctic Sea. At the same time, in order that Captain Franklin might not want provisions, in the event of his missing the ship along the coast, and arriving at the island in her absence, a tight barrel of flour was buried in the most unfrequented spot in its vicinity, and directions for finding it were deposited in a bottle, to which attention was directed by writing upon the cliff's with white paint. By the middle of August he reached Icy Cape, where he found the sea quite open, and felt the greatest desire to advance. His instructions were, however, positive, to avoid the chance of being beset with his ship in the ice; and he was obliged, therefore, to content himself with despatching the barge to prosecute the further search, while he returned to Kotzebue Sound. The barge proceeding to the north-eastward, succeeded in exploring the line of the coast as far as Point Barrow, 126 miles beyond Icy Cape; and, the crew having erected a post for Captain Franklin, returned to the ship.

Captain Beechey remained with the Blossom at Chamisso Island, occupied in surveying the coast and harbours of Kotzebue Sound, until the approach of winter rendered it necessary for him to hasten his departure. During his stay, he made several excursions, and procured many interesting fossil remains. He had also an opportunity of remarking the habits and peculiarities of the natives, or western Esquimaux, as they are called, in contradistinction to their eastern brethren. Their deserted huts were frequently found in many places, and traces of a recent residence were often visible. He particularly notices their burial-places, and the mode which they have of disposing of their dead. The corpse is deposited, with the head to the westward, in a sort of coffin formed of loose planks, and placed upon a platform of drift-wood, which is sometimes raised to the height of two feet. A double tent of spars of drift-wood, put together closely, is erected over this as a covering to secure the body from the depredations of foxes and wolves; but the rapacity of those animals succeeds before long, in breaking through this feeble protection. The body is generally dressed in a frock made of eider-duck skins, and covered with hides of deer or seahorse. The coffin and planks are sometimes omitted, and the corpse then rests simply on the drift-wood. We have given a representation of one of these graves in page 256.

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ward, and reached the harbour of San Francisco, in California, on the 8th of November. Here Captain Beechey had intended to recruit his supplies; but the inadequacy of the means which it afforded, compelled him to proceed first to the Sandwich Islands, and thence to Macao, where he procured sufficient stores to enable him to prosecute the voyage. The ship left Macao on the 30th of April, 1827, and, after visiting the Great Loo Choo, passed through Behring's Strait, and reached the rendezvous this time by the 5th of August; still there was no trace of Franklin, and they accordingly stood forward to the northward. The unfavourable state of the ice prevented them from proceeding so far as they had gone the former year; and, after the loss of their barge, and a narrow escape of wreck on the part of the ship, they were compelled, by the early setting in of the winter, to take a final leave of the Polar Sea, and retrace their course to England, which they reached on the 8th of September, 1828, after an absence of three years and a half, and a voyage of 73,000 miles,

LAST VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN ROSS. We have already adverted to the open charge of negligence which was brought against Captain Ross, on his return from the first expedition in 1818, and to the doubts that were by many expressed as to the accuracy of his statements. It will not, of course, be supposed, that the chivalrous honour of a British seaman, could tamely brook a censure so directly impugning his personal and professional character. To vindicate his wounded reputation from the stain, which, to his jealous eye, seemed to rest upon it, became, therefore, with this gallant officer, an object of paramount importance; for the attainment of which, neither the sacrifice of his property, nor the venture of his life were thought too great a price. Accordingly he left England with the Victory steam-vessel, in the summer of 1829, in order to discover, if possible, a passage to the westward, through Prince Regent's Inlet; which he reached in August. It was on the western shore of this opening that the Fury had been abandoned in Captain Parry's third voyage, and when Captain Ross reached the spot where she had been left, all remains had been drifted away by the ice. But the provisions which had been deposited on shore, were in good condition; and having availed themselves of these, Ross and his party continued to the south and west, until in latitude 70°, and longitude 90° W., their progress was arrested for the

season.

An excellent wintering harbour was found, in which they secured their ship, (which had already been converted into a sailing vessel,) and to which they gave the name of Felix Harbour

The winter was spent in the usual manner and nere again a party of Esquimaux contributed to alleviate its gloomy dulness. The whole summer of 1830 was spent in examining the continuity of the inlet, and whether there was a channel by which a vessel might pass to the westward; and it was at length ascertained, that a narrow neck of land presented an impassable barrier to all con nexion between the waters of the inlet, and the sea to the east: this extraordinary isthmus was found to be fifteen miles in breadth, ten of which were occupied by a chain of fresh-water lakes. It was crossed by commander James Ross, who surveyed the sea coast to the westward as far as to longitude 99°, or to within 150 miles of the Point Turnagain of Franklin, to which it appeared directly to trend. The rest of this season was employed in tracing the coast to the castward from the bottom of the isthmus, and the results left no doubt of its joining to the land forming Repulse Bay. A second winter was now passed in Sheriff Harbour, not far from the former winter quarters; which, with that of 1831, is alluded to by Captain Ross as being one of uncommon severity. The summer of 1831, appears to have been occupied in surveying the coast across the isthmus to the north-west; and in the autumn, the Victory was moved fourteen miles to the northward. All hope, however, of saving the ship, was nearly at an end; and the severity of another winter put it quite beyond possibility. Accordingly, in the month of May, 1832, she was abandoned, and our adventurers entered on a perilous and fatiguing journey to Fury Beach, "as the only means of saving their lives." This they reached on the 1st of July following, and they immediately proceeded to repair the boats of the Furv, and to construct temporary hut.

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The Blossom quitted the sound on the 14th of October, On the 1st of August, they again departed, and emerged and having repassed Behring's Strait, stood to the south-into Barrow's Strait on the 1st of September. Here, how

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ever, all their hopes of escape were at once destroyed. Nothing but one impenetrable mass of ice presented itself to view over the whole channel. Accordingly, they were compelled to return to Fury Beach, where another dreary winter was passed. At length, on the 8th of July, 1833, they once more quitted this station. Fortunately they had now the satisfaction of finding clear water, where they had the year before been stopped by ice, and therefore made the best of their way to the eastward. On the 25th they crossed Navy Board Inlet, and on the following morning descried a ship in the offing, becalmed, which proved to be the Isabella of Hull, the same vessel that Captain Ross commanded in 1818. At noon they reached her, and having been taken on board, reached England on the 20th of October, 1833, after an absence of more than four years. The results of this expedition may be briefly summed thus:-The discovery of the continent and isthmus of Boothia (as the new land to the southward was named by Captain Ross,) of the Gulf of Boothia, (or the sea to the eastward,) as also of a vast number of islands, rivers, and lakes; the determining that the north-eastern point of the American continent extends to the 74th degree of north latitude; valuable observations in every branch of science, more particularly in magnetism; and the discovery of the true position of the magnetic North Pole.

The last accounts which had reached England from Captain Ross, being dated in July 1829, from Disco Island, fears the most alarming were excited for his safety, as the close of 1832 approached, and no tidings were yet heard of him. A meeting of the Geographical Society was held, to consider what steps were fit to be taken; and it was resolved to open a subscription, and organize a committee, to make the requisite preparations for despatching a party in quest of him. This was done; and, on the 17th of February, 1833, Captain Back, to whom the expedition had been intrusted, sailed from Liverpool. Two days before the announcement of Captain Ross's safety, a letter was received from Captain Back, dated June 19th, from Jack River, with intelligence of his arrival at that stage of his journey. It was accordingly determined that a messenger should be despatched after him, to carry the welcome news, and direct him now to turn his attention to what had before been a secondary object of the expedition, geographical discovery. The efforts of this gentleman will, it is hoped, complete our knowledge of the north-eastern shores of America. It is probable that he will, in the ensuing summer, reach Coronation Gulf, and, passing Franklin's extreme eastern point, continue the survey, along the shore of the Arctic Sea, to the parts surveyed by Commander James Ross, and thus connect the discoveries of the late expedition with those of Franklin.

CONCLUSION.

THE results of the various expeditions which we have recorded in the preceding pages, may be said to be almost conclusive in favour of the existence of a North-West Passage; but at the same time, equally clear in establishing the impracticability of its navigation. Its accomplishment may now be regarded rather as a point of geographical science, than as an event likely to be at all productive of any immediate practical benefit. The object for which it was originally undertaken,-the discovery of a shorter commercial route to the Indies, has, indeed, been abandoned, ever since the opinion of John Davis and the older mariners, that the "deep sea fryseth not," was refuted by the experience of modern navigators; but when the motive, arising from the prospect of a lucrative traffic had ceased to exist, another, and still more powerful incentive sprung up in its place, the desire of enlarging the bounds of human knowledge and civilization. It must be pleasing to us to observe the strenuous efforts of our own country in this work; alone and unsupported, she has done nearly all that has been done towards effecting the solution of this great question, and still continues her unremitting exertions on its behalf, in the hope, and the well-founded hope, we trust, of success.

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END OF THE THIRD VOLUME.

LONDON:-Published by JOHN WILLIAM PARKER, WEST STRAND, and sold by all Booksellers.

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XXXI.

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In this little Volume of Sacred Poetry, the writer has adopted the order of
the Liturgy in the Services appointed for every Sunday and Holiday in the year,
commencing with the First Sunday in Advent. At the head of each poem is
mentioned that portion of the day's service to which the composition more par-
ticularly relates; and, in many of the instances, the Author has thus shown the
reference of the Collect to the Epistle and Gospel, or to the Lessons, according to
the design of the Church in their appointment.

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HINTS for the FORMATION and MANAGEMENT of
SUNDAY SCHOOLS. By the Rev. J. C. WIGRAM,
M.A., Secretary to the National School Society. Price
Two Shillings.

So much variety exists in the character and circumstances of Sunday-schools
that it is hardly possible to lay down any rules respecting them. All that can be
done is to furnish a variety of practical hints, calculated to show the points
chiefly requiring attention on the part of the managers, and suggesting methods
in which common difficulties may be overcome. The plans given in this work are
designed for this purpose, and promise success wherever they are fairly applied,
and time is given for due trial.

XXXIV.

A POCKET MANUAL for the SUNDAY SCHOOL
TEACHER. By the Rev. J. HULL, M.A. Price 1s. 3d.
Of the suggestions here offered, some of them are general, involving prin-
ciples which are applicable to all teachers, in whatsoever Sunday-school they
may be engaged; whilst others relate to the mechanical practices and arrange.
ments, which, for the sake of time, order, &c., are pursued in particular Schools,
and may be retained or cancelled, as they are found to agree or disagree with
the plans established in any particular institution.

XXXV.

SCHOOLS, in
connexion with the Church. By the Rev. JOHN
MEDLEY, M.A. Price SIXPENCE.

ADVICE to TEACHERS of SUNDAY

My object, in throwing out these suggestions, is to strengthen your sense of
the value and importance of your office, and to show you how it may be per
formed in a manner most conducive to the everlasting good of the Children in the
Schoo.s, as well as to your own solid and lasting happiness.

THE SATURDAY MAGAZINE.

PUBLISHED IN

WEEKLY NUMBERS, Price ONE PENNY; MONTHLY PARTS, Price Six-
PENCE each; HALF-YEARLY VOLUMES, bound and lettered, 4s. 6d.;
and YEARLY VOLUMES, 78. 6d. each.

Great care and attention are bestowed in adapting this cheap and popular
Magazine to all classes of Readers, so that it may with propriety be introduced
into Families and Schools, and among Young people in general. Its Contents
are at once instructive and entertaining. Religious, Moral, and Social Prin-
ciples, are combined with Useful Information; and a Christian character and ten-
It is most extensively illustrated, by
dency is given to Popular Knowledge.
Engravings on Wood, which comprise Portraits, Views, remarkable Objects in
Antiquities, Science, and Manufactures, the various branches of Natural History,
and indeed whatever is curious and interesting in Nature and in Art.

The SATURDAY MAGAZINE is well printed, upon very superior paper, and
should be preserved for binding at the end of each half year, when the Purchaser
will find himself in possession of a Work of extensive and varied interest, of
truly Christian Principles, and consequently of great and permanent value.

Ample arrangements have been made for the circulation of this Magazine,
not only by the Booksellers and Newsmen throughout the United Kingdom, but
also in the Colonies, and in the principal places on the Continent.

PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION.

THE BIBLE CYCLOPÆDIA;

BEING A COMPREHENSIVE DIGEST OF THE

LITERATURE, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY,
NATURAL HISTORY, STATISTICS, AND GENERAL
INFORMATION,

CONNECTED WITH THE SACRED WRITings.

The work will be illustrated with numerous MArs and WooD CUTS, and
published in a popular form, and at a very moderate price.

ORIGINAL FAMILY SERMONS,
VOLUME THE FIRST,

CONTAINING SERMONS BY THE FOLLOWING DIVINES.
PART I.

The Right Rev. CHARLES JAMES BLOMFIELD, D.D., Lord Bishop of London.
The Rev. WILLIAM DEALTRY, D.D., Rector of Clapham.

The Very Rev. GEORGE CHANDLER. D.C.L., Dean of Chichester,
The Rev. EDWARD GARRARD MARSH, M.A., Hampstead.

The Rev. THOMAS VOWLER SHORT. B.D., Rector of Kingsworthy, Hants.
PART II

The Right Rev. CHRISTOPHER BETHELL, D.D., Lord Bishop of Bangor,
The Very Rev. GEORGE DAVYS, D.D., Dean of Chester.

The Rev. ARCHIBALD M. CAMPBELL, M.A., Vicar of Paddington.
The Rev. SAMUEL RICKARDS, Rector of Stow Langtoft, Suffolk.
The Venerable EDWARD BATHER, M.A., Archdeacon of Salop.

The Rev. CHARLES WEBB LE BAS, M.A., Rector of St. Paul, Shadwell.
PART III.

The Rev. EDWARD HAWKINS, D.D., Provost of Oriel.
The Rev. EDWARD BOUVERIE PUSEY, B.D., Reg. Prof. of Hebrew, Oxford,
The Rev. HENRY BLUNT, M.A., Minister of Trinity Church, Chelsea.
The Rev. J. C. WIGRAM, M.A., Curate of St. James's, Westminster.
The Rev. JAMES ENDELL TYLER, B.D., Rector of St. Giles in the Fields
PART IV.

The Very Rev. IIUGI NICHOLSON PEARSON, D.D., Dean of Salisbury.
The Rev. EDWARD BURTON, D.D., Regius Professor of Divinity, Oxford.
The Venerable EDWARD BERENS, M.A., Archdeacon of Berks.
The Rev. JOHN PENROSE, M.A., Vicar of Bracebridge.
The Rev. CHARLES GIRDLESTONE, M.A., Vicar of Sedgeley.
The Rev. THOMAS AINGER, M.A., Minister of St. Mary's, Greenwich.
PART V.

The Right Rev. JOHN BIRD SUMNER, D.D., Lord Bishop of Chester.
The Rev. JOHN RUSSELL. D.D., Rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate.
The Rev. SAMUEL CHARLES WILKS, M.A.

The Rev. T. F. BOWERBANK, M.A., Vicar of Chiswick.
The Rev. JOHN HODGSON, B.D., Vicar of Sittingbourne.
The Rev. CHAS. LAWSON, M.A., Morning Preacher at the Foundling Hospital.
PART VI.

The Most Rev. RICHARD WHATELY, D.D., Lord Archbishop of Dublin.
The Rev. P. NICHOLAS SHUTTLEWORTH, D.D., Warden of New College
The Venerable CHARLES J. HOARE, MA., Archdeacon of Winchester
The Rev. R. WEBSTER HUNTLEY, M.A., Rector of Boxwell.
The Rev. HENRY THOMPSON, M.A., Curate of Wrington, Somerset. ]

VOLUME THE SECOND:
PART VII.

The IIon. and Right Rev. HENRY RYDER, D.D., Lord Bishop of Lichfield and
Coventry.

The Venerable THOMAS PARRY, M.A., Archdeacon of Antigua.

The Rev. ALLEN COOPER. M.A., Minister of St. Mark's, North Audley-street.
The Rev. J. E. N. MOLESWORTH, M.A., Rector of St. Martin with St. Paul,
Canterbury.

The Rev. HENRY LATHAM, M. A., Curate of All Souls, Langham-place.
PART VIII.

The Right Rev. JOHN KAYE, D.D., Lord Bishop of Lincoln.

The Rev. THOMAS ARNOLD, D.D., Head Master of Rugby School.
The Rev, JAMES S. M. ANDERSON, M.A., Minister of St. George's, Brighton
The Rev. GEORGE ROBERT GLEIG, M.A., Rector of Ivy Church.
The Rev. RICHARD HARVEY, M.A., Rector of Hornsey.

The Rev. B. E. NICHOLLS, M.A., Curate of Walthamstow.

PART IX.

The Right Rev. CHAS. RICHARD SUMNER, D.D., Lord Bishop of Winchester
The Rev. IIENRY HART MILMAN, M.A., Vicar of St. Mary, Reading.
The Rev. HENRY RAIKES, M.A., Chancellor of the Diocese of Chester.
The Rev. EDWARD SCOBELL, B.A., Minister of St. Peter's, Vere-street.
The Rev. WILLIAM F. RAYMOND, M.A., Chaplain at Lincoln's Inn.
PART X.

The Right Rev. HENRY PHILLPOTTS, D.D., Lord Bishop of Exetes,
The Rev. SAMUEL HINDS, D.D., Queen's College, Oxford.
The Rev. JOHN WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, M.A., Vicar of Harrow."
The Rev. THOMAS BARTLETT, M.A., Rector of All Saints, Canterbury.
The Rev. WILLIAM SHORT. M.A., Vicar of Chippenham,

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The Right Rev. EDWARD COPLESTONE, D.D., Lord Bishop of Llandaff.
The Rev. CHARLES CRAUFURD, M.A., Minister of the Holy Trinity, Coventry
The Rev. JAMES AMIRAUX JEREMIE, M.A., Christian Advocate, Cambridge.
The Rev. F. E. THOMPSOM, M.A., Minister of St. George's, Old Brentford.
The Rev. RICHARD B. HONE, M.A., Curate of Portsmouth.
The Rev. THOMAS T. HAVERFIELD, B.D., Rector of Goddington.
PART XIV.

The Hon. and Right Rev. E. GREY, D.D., Lord Bishop of Hereford.
The Rev. A. OLLIVANT, M.A., Vice Principal of St. David's College, Lampeter
The Rev. T. CHEVALLIER, B.D., Vicar of St. Andrew the Great, Cambridge.
The Rev. CORNELIUS IVES, M.A., Rector of Bradden, Northamptonshire.
The Rev. GILBERT BERESFORD, M.A., Rector of St. Andrew's, Holborn.
PART XV.

The Right Rev. E. MALTBY, D.D., Lord Bishop of Chichester.

The Rev. ROBERT ANDERSON, M.A. Minister of Trinity Chapel, Brighton.
The Rev. ANDREW IRVINE, B.D, Vicar of St. Margaret's, Leicester.
The Rev. JAMES SHERGOLD BOONE, M.A., Minister of St. John's Chape,
Paddington.

The Rev. R. S. B. SANDILANDS, A.M., Minister of Curzon Chape., May Fair.

Either of the VOLUMES, at 6s 6d., or of the PARTS, (continuea
Monthly) at 1s. each, may be had separately.

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