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433. STYLE. The numerous examples Maxims. 1. Punctuality begets confidence, given throughout this work, afford the neces- and is the sure road to honor and respect. 2. A sary means for illustrating all the principles picture is a poem, without words. 3. Sensible met of elocution: let the taste, and judgment, as show their sense, by saying much in few words well as the abilities of the student-be test-4. He, who thinks to cheat another, cheats himed by a proper selection and application of them. He must not expect too much from others, nor take it unkindly, when thrown upon his own resources: the best way to increase our strength, is to have it often tested. All who become orators, must make them

selves orators.

434. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. If we do well, shall we not be accepted? 2. Which is more useful, fire, or water? 3. Ought cir

cumstantial evidence to be admitted in criminal cases? 4. Can we be too zealous in rightly promoting a good cause? 5. Which is worse, a bad education, or no education? 6. Are not bigotry and intolerance-as destructive to morality, as they are to common sense? 7. Are we not apt to be proud of that which is not our own? 8. Ought there not to be duties on imported goods, to encourage domestic manufactures? 9. Is slavery right? 10. Have steamboats been the cause of more good than evil?

self. 5. Pride is easily seen in others; but we
rarely see it in ourselves. 6. Wealth is not his
who gets it, but his who enjoys it. 7. A bad books
is one of the worst of thieves. 8. Toleration
should spring from charity, not from indifference.
9. Too much prosperity makes most men fools
10. He, who serves God, has the best master i":

the world. 11. One love drives another out.
Health is better than wealth.

12

Influence. Few are aware of the full ex

tent of meaning contained in this word. If we can measure the kind and quantity of influence, that every variety of heat and cold has on the world of matter; if we can tell the influence, that one individual has on another, one society on another, and one nation on another, both for time and eternity; if we can estimate the influence, that spir itual beings have on one another, and on the human race, collectively, and separately; also the influence of the Great Spirit on all creation, then, we are able to see and realize the mighty meaning of this important word. 435. IGNORANCE AND ERROR. It is al- Contemplate and weigh the influence, that most as difficult to make one unlearn his er- different kinds of food and drink have on the Mal-inforrors, as to acquire knowledge. human system, by being appropriated to its mation is more hopeless than non-informa- innumerable parts; the influence on body tion, for error is always more busy than ig- and mind of keeping and violating the laws norance. Ignorance-is a blank sheet, on of life, by thinking, feeling, and acting; the which we may urite; but error-is a scrib-influence, which a good or bad person has on bled one, from which we must first erase. Ignorance-is contented to stand still, with her back to the truth; but error-is more presumptuous, and proceeds in the same direction. Ignorance has no light, but error follows a false one. The consequence is, that error, when she retraces her footsteps, has farther to go, before she can arrive at the truth, than ignorance. Anecdote. Virtue before Riches. The-lowing, which he religiously observed; "Six mistocles-had a daughter, to whom two men were wishing to make love; one-was very rich, but a simpleton, and the other-poor, but a very wise man: the father preferred the lufler, saying, "I would rather have a man without riches, than riches without a man." The primal duties-shine aloft, like stars; The charities, that soothe, and heal, and bless, Are scattered at the feet of man, like flowers; The generous inclination, the just rule, Kind wishes, and good actions, and pure thoughts. No mystery is here; no special boon

For high, and not for low; for proudly graced,
And not for meek of heart. The smoke ascends
To heaven as lightly from the cottage hearth,
As from the haughty palace. He, whose soul
Ponders this true equality, may walk
The fields of earth-with gratitude and hope.

Our wishes lengthen-as our sun declines.

his associates and also their influence on others, through all coming time, as well as in the eternal world, and you will perceive something of the importance of ceasing to do evil, and learning to do well; of living and prac ticing what is good and true, and thereby being saved from all that is evil and false.

Varieties. 1. Lord Coke-wrote the fol

hours to sleep, to law's great study six, Four spend in prayer, the rest to nature fix." 2. Wm. Jones, a wiser economist of the fleeting hours of life, amended the sentiment thus; Seven hours to law, to soothing slumbers Seven, Ten to the world allot, and all to heaven. 3. The truly beautiful and sublime are to be found within the regions of nature and probability: the false sublime sets to itself no bounds: it deals in thunders, earthquakes, tempests, and whirlwinds. 4. Is it any pain for a bird to fly, a fish to swim, or a boy to play? 5. Confound not vociferation with emphatic expression; for a whisper may be as discriminating as the loudest tones. 6. Speech-is the gift of God. 7. Order-s the same in the world, in man, and in the church; man-is an epitome of all the prin ciples of order.

436. STYLE, &c. To accomplish your ob- | ject, study the true meaning and character of the subject, so as to express the whole, in such a way as to be perfectly understood and felt thus, you will transport your hearers to the scene you describe, and your earnestness raise them on the tiptoe of expectation, and your just arguments sweep everything before them like a MOUNTAIN torrent: to excite, to agitate, and delight, are among the most powerful arts of persuasion: but the impressions must be enforced on the mind by a command of all the sensibilities and sympathies of the soul. That your course may be ever upward and onward, remember, none but a GOOD man can be a perfect orator; uncorrupted and incorruptible integrity is one of the most powerful engines of persuasion.

Maxims. 1. Revenge, however sweet, ia dearly bought. 2. Life is half spent, before we know what it is to live. 3. The world is a workshop, and the wise only know how to use its tools. 4. A man is valued, as he makes himself valuable 5. Heaven is not to be had, merely by wishing for it. 6. As often as we do good, we sacrifice. 7. Be careful to keep your word, even in the most trifting fer. 9. Honest men are easily bound; but you can matter. 8. Hearts may agree, tho' heads may dif never bind a knave. 10. Experience keeps a dea

school; but fools will learn in no other.

Anecdote. Curious Patriotism.

Some

years ago, one of the convicts at Botany Bay, wrote a FARCE, which was acted with much applause in some of the theatres. Barring tom, the notorious pick-pocket, wrote the prologue; which ended with these lines:

True patriots we; for, be it understood, 437. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Is any We left our country-for our country's good government—as important as the principles Ignorance-Willfulness. The ignorit should protect and extend? 2. Should we ant-oppose without discrimination. Harremain passive, when our country, or politi-vey, for asserting the circulation of the blood, cal rights are invaded? 3. Are banks bene- was styled a vagabond, a quack; and perseficial? 4. Have the crusaders been the cause cuted, through life, by the medical profession. of more evil than good? 5. Was the war In the time of Francis I., Ambrose Pare-inwaged against the Seminoles of Florida, just? troduced the ligament, to staunch the blood 6. Which is the more important acquisition, of an amputated limb, instead of boiling hot wealth, or knowledge? 7. Is there any neu- pitch, in which the bleeding stump had fortral ground between good and evil, truth and merly been dipped; and he was persecuted, falsehood? 8. Which should we fear most, with the most relentless rancour, by the Fathe commission of a crime, or the fear of pun- culty, who ridiculed the idea-of risking a ishment? 9. By binding the understanding, man's life upon a thread, when boiling pitch and forcing the judgment, can we mend the had stood the test for centuries. Medicines heart? 10. When proud people meet toge- have been proscribed as poison, and then prether, are they not always unhappy? 11. Is scribed in great quantities; the proscriptions not common sense a very rare and valuable and prescriptions being both adopted with article? 12. What is the use of a body, with- equal ignorance and credulity. There is no out a soul? hope for man, but a thorough and correct education in the school of truth and goodness.

438. MANNER AND MATTER. The secret of success in Music, as well as in Elocution, is, to adapt the manner perfectly to the matter if the subject be simple, such must be the manner: if it be gay and lively, or solemn and dignified, such, or such must be the manner in addition to which, the performer must forget himself, or rather lose himself in the subject, body and soul, and show his regard to his audience, by devoting himself to the subject: and hence he must never try to show himself off: but hide behind the thought and feeling, and depend upon them to produce the effect: if there is any affectation, the hold on the heart is in that proportion relinquished. Oh, when shall we take our appropriate place and regard USE as the grand object!

But sure to foreign climes—we need not range,
Nor search the ancient records of our race,
To learn the dire efect of time-and change,
Which, in ourselves, alas! we daily trace;
Yet, at the darkened eye, the withered face,
Or hoary hair-1 never will repine;

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Varieties. 1. Does the nature of things depend on the matter, of which they are formed; or on the laws of constitution, by which matter is arranged? 2. Is not vegetable matter formed from oxygen and hydrogen; and animal matter from these two and carbon? But what are their constituent parts? Were their essences created, or are they eternal? 3. What large portions of the world there are of which we know compara. tively nothing! and although we are familiar with our bodies, externally, yet how little of their internals do even the best physiologists know? 4. How much is really known of the nature of mind? and yet there is presumption enough in some, to decide at once, upon all the phenomena of the mind, and prescribe its limits. 5. Thus, man clothes himself with his fanciful knowledge, and plays such insane tricks before the world. P make the angels xcep.

The fisher-is out on the sunny se

And the reindeer-bounds o'er the pasture free;
And the pine-has a fringe of a softer green,

And the moss-looks bright, where my foot hath been.

Maxims. 1. Happiness is the shadow of 439. EFFECTIVE STYLE. The more your| reading and speaking partake of the freedom contentment, and rests, or moves forever with it and case of common discourse, (provided original 2. A drop of wisdom is worth a tun of you sustain the object and life of the compo- riches. 3. Whatever does not stand with credit sition) the more just, natural, and effective will not stand long. 4. Business must be attendwill be your style of delivery: hence the need to, at the expense of every thing else of less imcessity of studying nature, of avoiding all portance. 5. Our states of mind differ as muck affectation, and of never attempting that in as our spirits and temper. 6. Death--cannot kik what never dies,-mutual love. 7. If you will public, which is beyond your ability. Some not hear reason, she wil rap you over your knuck mar, or spoil what they are going to say, by les. 8. Open rebuke is better than secret love. 9. making so much ado over it, thinking they Good counsel is thrown away on the arrogars must do some great thing; when it isal most and self-conceited. 10. He, who resolves to amend, as simple as-wash and be clean: whatever has God, and all good beings on his side. is not natural is not agreeable or persuasive. 440. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. 1. Were any beings ever created angels? 2. Is it right ever to do wrong? 3. Why was a revelation necessary. 4. May we not protect our person and character from assault? 5. Does civilization increase happiness? 6. Which excites more curiosity, the works of nature, or the works of art? 7. Ought a witness to be questioned with regard to his religious opinions, or belief? 8. Was the general bankrupt law a benefit to the country? 9. Why are we disposed to laugh, even when our best friend falls down? 10. Which is the greatest, faith, hope, or charity? 11. Should controversy interrupt our friendship and esteem for each other? 12. Have christians any right to persecute each other for their opinions?

441. It is much to be regretted, that our trachers are so illy qualified to instruct their pupils oven in the first rudiments of reading:

Anecdote. Vanity Reproved "I am very thankful, that my mouth has been opened to preach without any learning,”—said an illiterate preacher, in speaking against educating ministers, to preach the gospel. A gentleman present replied, “Sir, a similar event took place in Baalam's time"

Education-should give us command of every faculty of body, and mind—call out all our powers of observation and reflection. change the creatures of impulse, prejudice and passion, to thinking, reasoning, and lov ing beings; lead to objects of pursuits, and habits of conduct, favorable to the happiness of every individual, and to the whole world, and multiply all the means of enjoyment, and diminish every temptation to vice and sensuality; and true education will do all this

Varieties. 1. What is moral virtue? 2.

The greatest danger to public liberty, is from vice and idleness. 3. He, that showeth mercy, shall receive mercy. 4. Never attempt

and they are all so much inclined to fall into anything more, than there is a prospect of bad habits, and the imitation of faulty speak accomplishing. 5. Should not beasts-as ers, that it requires constant watchfulness to well as men, be treated with kindness? 6. keep clear of the influences of a wrong bias, Rational liberty-is diametrically opposed and false, and merely arbitrary rules. We never can succeed in this important art, until to the wildness of anarchy. 7. We should we take elementary instruction out of the never ascribe bad motives, when we can sup hands of ignoramuses, and insist upon hav-pose good ones. 8. Nothing is more preju ing persons fully competent to take charge of the cause. Away then with the idea, that any one can teach reading and speaking, merely because he can call the letters, and speak the words so as to be understood.

Operating Circumstances. We are too apt, in estimating a law, passed at a remote period, to combine in our consideration, all the subsequent events, which have had an influence upon t; instead of conforming ourselves, as we ought, to the circumstances, existing at the time of its passage.

So live, that, when thy summons comes-to join
The innumerable caravan, that moves

To the pale ralms of shade, where each shall take
His chamber-in the silent halls of death,
Thou go not, like the quarry-slave, at night,
Semurged to his dungeon; but, sustained and soothed
By an infaltering trust, approach thy grave,
Like one, who wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down-to pleasant dreams.

dicial-to the great interests of a nation,
than uncertain and varying policy. 9. Is
it lawful-to contend with others, on any oc-
casion? 10. Prefer the evident interests of
the community, to the suggestions of the
pride of consistency. 10. Cleanliness—N
next to godliness.

Why have those banished and forbidden legs
Dared once to touch a dust of England's ground>
But more than why-Why have they dared to march
So many miles upon her peaceful bosom;
Frightening her pale-faced villagers with war,
And ostentation of despised arms?
Comest thou because the anointed king is hence
Why, foolish boy, the king is left behind,
And in my loyal bosom lies his power.
Were I but now the lord of such not youth
As when brave Gaunt, thy father, and myself,
Rescued the Black Prince, that young Mare of men.
From forth the ranks of many thousand French;
Oh, then, how quickly should this arm of mine,
Now prisoner to the palsy, chastise thee,
And minister correction to thy fault!

442. ELOQUENCE. What were all the Maxims. 1. Oid age and faded flowers, no attribu es of man, his personal accomplish-remedies can revive. 2. Something should be ments, and his boasted reason, without the learned every time a book is opened. 3. A truly faculty of SPEECH ? To excel in its use is great man never puts away the simplicity of the the highest of human arts. It enables man child. 4. The gem cannot be polished without to govern whole nations, and to enchant, friction, nor man-perfected, without adversity, 5. while he governs. The aristocracy of Elo- The full stomach cannot realize the evils of hunquence is supreme, and, in a free country, ger. 6. When thought is agitated, truth rises. 7. can never be subdued. It is the pride of A child requires books, as much as the merchant peace, and the glory of war: it rides upon docs goods. 8. Learn by the vices of others, how the zephyr's wings, or thunders in the storm. detestable your own are. 9. Judge not of men or Bu. there is in eloquence, in painting, the things, at first sight. 10. Reprove thy friend prilife of the canvas, which breathes, moves, vately, and commend him publicly. speaks, and is full of action: so is there in Anecdote. Sharp Reply. Two country the dance, the poetry and music of motion, the eloquence of action; whose power con- span of horses, and, thinking to be witty at attorneys overtaking a wagoner, with two sists in the wonderful adaptation of the gra- his expense, asked him, How it happened, ces of the body to the harmonies of mind. that his forward horses were so fat, and the There is eloquence in every object of taste, rear ones so lean?" The wagoner, knowboth in art and nature; in sculpture, garing them, answered, "That his fore span dening, architecture, poetry and music; all were lawyers, and the other-clients." of which come within the scope and plan of the orator, that he may comprehend that intellectual relation, that secret clause in the liberal professions, which, connecting one with another, combines the influence of all. Virtue, alone, ennobles human kind,

And power-should on her glorious footsteps wait. Wisdom-finds tongues-in trees; books-in run ing streams; sermons-in stones, and GOOD-in everything.

You pride you-on your golden hue;

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Know-the poor glow-worm-hath its brightness
When men of judgment-feel, and creep their way,
The positive-pronounce-without delay

"Tis good, and lovely, to be kind;
But charity-should not be blind.

A little learning-is a dangerous thing;
Drink deep-or taste not the Pierian spring:
There, shallow draughts-intoxicate the brain,
But, drinking largely, sobers us again.
Ah me! the laureled wreath, that murder wears,
Blood-nursed and watered with the widow's tears,
Seems not so foul,-so tainted,-and so dead,
As waves the night-shade round the sceptic's bed.
443. MUSIC is the oral language of the
affections; as words are the natural language
of the thoughts. The notes of a tune are
analogous to letters; the measures-to words;
the strains to sentences; and the tune, or
musical piece, to a discourse, oration, or po-

em.

As there is a great variety of affections, and states of affection in the human mind, so there is a great variety of tunes, through the medium of which these affections, and states of affection are manifested. There are three grand divisions of music, which, for the sake of distinction, may be denominated the upper, or that which relates to the Supreme Being; the middle, or that relating to created, rational beings, or social music; and the lower, or what appertains to that part of creation below man-called descrip tive music.

Ambition is like love,-impatient-
Both of delays,-—and rivals.

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Selfishness-seems to be the complex of all vices. The love of self, when predominant, excludes all goodness, and perverts all truth. It is the great enemy of individuals, societies, and communities. It is the cause of all irritation, the source of all evil. People, who are always thinking of themselves, have no time to be concerned about others; their own pleasure or profit, is the pivot, on which everything turns. They cannot even conceive of disinterestedness, and will laugh to scorn all, who appear to love others, as well as themselves. Selfishness-is the very essence of the first original sin, and it must be corrected, or we are lost.

Varieties. 1. The wind, the falling of water, humming of bees, a sweet voice read. ing monotonously, tend to produce sleep; this is not so much the case with musical tones. 2. The trilling and quivering of the voice, which please so much, correspond to the glittering of light: as the moonbeams playing on the waves. 3. Falling from a discord to a concord, which produces so much sweetness in music, correspond to the affections, when brought out of a state of dislike; and also with the taste; which is soon cloy. ed with what is sweet alone. 4. Music has great effect on mind and body, making us warlike or the reverse, soft and effeminate, grave and light, gentle, kind and pitiful, &c., according to its nature, and performance; the reason is, because hearing is more closely associated with feeling or spirits, than the other senses. Observe the effect of Yankee Doodle, God save the King, Mar seilles Hymn, &c. 5. When music speaks to the affection, affection obeys, as when na ture speaks, nature replies.

Let gratitude-in acts of goodness flow;
Our love to God, in love to man below.
Be this our joy-to calm the troubled breast,
Support the weak, and succor the distress'd⚫
Direct the wand'rer, dry the widow's tear;
The orphan guard, the sinking spirit cheer.
Tho' small our power to at, tho' small our skill,
God-sees the heart; he judges-by the will.

5. A man

444. There are also three great divisions Maxims. 1. Want of punctuality a species in POETRY, which is closely allied to music; of falsehood. 2. Pay as you go, and keep from and both of them originate in the WILL, or small scores. 3. He, that has his heart in his affections: and hence, the words of the learning, will soon have his learning in his heart. psalm, hymn, poem, and the music in which 4. The empty stomach has no furs. they are sung, chanted, or played, constitute may talk like a wise man, and yet act like a fool. the forms, or mediums, through which the 6. Rather improve by the errors of others, than affections and sentiments are bodied forth. Is find fault with them. 7. The devil turns his not genuine music from heaven? and does it back, when he finds the door shut against him. not lead there if not perverted? May not the 8. Better be upright, with poverty, than depraved same be said of poetry? Woe betide the per- so strongly realized, as when we are deprived of son, that converts them into occasions of evil! them. 10. None are so deaf as those who will How blind is pride; what eagles are we still not hear. In matters that belong to other men ; What beetles-in our own..

Who fights
With passions, and overcomes them, is endued
With the best virtue.-

Nature-to each-allots his proper sphere;
But that forsaken, we like comets are; [broke,
Tossed thro' the void; by some rude shock we're
And all our boasted fire-is lost in smoke.
Thick waters-show no images of things;
Friends-are each others' mirrors, and should be
Clearer than crystal, or the mountain springs,
And free from cloud, design, or flattery.
'Tis virtue, that they want; and wanting its
Honor-no garments to their backs can fit.

with abundance. 9. The value of things, is never

Reform. He, that looks back to the history of mankind, will often see, that in politics, jurisprudence, religion, and all the great concerns of society, reform-has usually been the work of reason, slowly awakening from the lethargy of ignorance, gradually acquiring confidence in her own strength, and ultimately triumphing over the dominion of prejudice and custom.

Varieties. 1. What is mercy and its uses? 2. Individuals and nations, fail in nothing they boldly attempt, when sustained by virtuous purpose, and determined resolution. 3. Some persons' heads are like beehives: not because they are all in a buzz, but 445. THE USES OF ELOQUENCE. In every that they have separate cells for every kind situation, in all the pursuits of life, may be of store. 4. What nature offers, with a smilseen the usefulness and benefits of eloquence. ing face, fruit, herb, and grain--are just In whatever light we view this subject, it is what man's pure instinct would choose for evident that oratory is not a mere castle in food. 5. The majority-ought never to the air a fairy palace of frost-work; desti- trample on the feelings, or violate the just tute of substance and support. It is like a rights-of the minority; they should not magnificent temple of Parian marble, ex- triumph over the fallen, nor make any but hibiting the most exact and admirable sym-temperate and equitable use of their power metry, and combining all the orders, varieties, 6. Death is the enacted penalty of nature's and beauties of architecture. violated laws. 7. Was it causeless, that

And when the soul-is fullest, the hushed tongue,
Voicelessly trembles-like a lute unstrung.

Habits of Industry. It is highly impor-washing-was introduced, as a religious tant, that children should be taught to acquire rite, seeing that its observance is so essential habits of industry; for whatever be their habits to the preservation of health? while young, such, for the most part, must they continue to be in after life. Children-are apt to think it a great hardship, to be obliged to devote so much time to occupations, at present perhaps, disagreeable to them; but they ought to be made to believe, that their tasks are not only intended for the informing of their minds, but for the bending of their wills. Good habits are as easily acquired as bad ones; with the great advantage of being the only true way to prosperity and happiness.

Anecdote. Conciseness. Louis XIV. who
loved a concise style, one day met a priest on
the round, whom he asked hastily-"Whence
come you? where are you going? what do
you want ?" The other immediately replied,
"From Bruges,-To Paris,-A Benefice."
"You shall have it," replied the king.
Servile doubt-

Argues an impotence of mind, that says,-
We fear because we dare not meet misfortune.

There's beauty-in the deep;
The wave-is bluer than the sky;
And tho' the light-shine bright on high.
More softly do the sea-gems glow,
That sparkle in the depths below;
The rainbow's tints-are only made
When on the waters they are laid,
And sun and moon-most sweetly shine
Upon the ocean's level brine:

There's beauty in the deep.
There's music-in the deep:
It is not in the surf's rough rear,
Nor in the whispering, shelly shore-
They are but earthly sounds, that tell
How little of the sea-nymph's shell,
That sends its loud, clear note abroad,
Or winds its softness through the flood
Echoes through groves-with coral gay
And dies, on spongy banks, away:
There's music in the Ceep!

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