could be obtained from the cotyledons was not ascertained. The reaction of the fluid was slightly alkaline. The density at 60° Fah. was 1033.

Note. The amount of solids ascertained separately exceed by 77 the aggregate solids determined by evaporating the fluid..

Analysis of Uterine Milk of the Cow, No. 2.-This specimen was obtained from the cotyledons of a cow at an advanced period of gestation. The following observations were made upon the number and weight of the cotyledons, and upon the quantity of the fluid yielded by 1000 grs. of the maternal portion of the cotyledons. The cotyledons were 90 in number.

༦

quantity of uterine milk which could be squeezed from 1000 grains of the maternal portion of the cotyledon was Quantity of cotyledonary fluid, which could at this rate be expressed from the whole of the maternal portions of the cotyledons, estimated at

Grains.

44,780

20,090

24,690

1,315

105.5

149.8

3009.48

The following are the results of the analysis of this specimen :
Specific gravity at 60° Fah.

Reaction.

1040

neutral

Having estimated the amount of the fluid which was yielded by a given weight of the cotyledons, and having calculated from this the amount that could have been expressed from the whole of the maternal portions of the cotyledons, we can calculate how much of the separate constituents would be found in the whole quantity of the uterine milk.

Analysis of Uterine Milk of Ewe, No. 1-Reaction Alkaline.

The uterus in this case contained a lamb weighing 9 oz.

Analysis of Uterine Milk of Ewe No. 2.

Weight of uterus and membranes

of lamb contained

Uterine milk expressed from the maternal portions of

2 lbs. 14 ozs.

544.5 grs.

all the cotyledons

Specific gravity of uterine milk

Water in 100 parts

Solids

Fat

Albumen, with cellular structures and alkaline

albuminates

Salts

1033

91-88

8.12

1.05

6.12

.82

In this case a considerable quantity of mucus existed between the chorion and mucous membrane of the uterus, external to the cotyledons.

Having given the results of my researches on the composition of the so-called uterine milk of ruminants, I would direct attention to the fact that in other orders of animals a fluid is found between the chorion and uterine mucous membrane, which in physical characters appears to resemble it. In the sow I have found such a fluid. In one case, I collected a considerable quantity of a milky fluid (737·5 grs), which was situated between the mucous membrane of the uterus and the chorion. It had an alkaline reaction; its density was 1017; it was highly coagulable, and contained fat. As it was beginning to decompose, I did not make a quantitative analysis of it. My brother has also informed me that in his dissections of the uterus of pregnant mares he has noticed a considerable quantity of a creamy fluid between the chorion and the uterine mucous membrane.

Without wishing to draw rash conclusions from the few facts which I have adduced, I would remark that they appear to be of some importance; that they seem to bear out the views of those who believe that the placenta contains arrangements which separate those constituents of the blood which are requisite for the nutrition of the fœtus, and that they give support to those anatomists who attribute such a function to the external and internal cells of the villi of the human placenta.* It is a subject in which, however, further researches are much wanted, and to which I hope to revert, when I shall have had

* See Professor Goodsir's Paper On the Structure of the Human Placenta, in his Anatomical and Pathological Observations. Edinburgh, 1845.

opportunities and leisure to study more fully the chemical composition, and especially the microscopic character of the interesting fluid which forms the subject of this paper. For the convenience of reference, I have annexed a table in which the results of analysis of uterine milk, made by Schlossberger and myself, may be seen and compared. To be more complete, I have added below the results of Prevost and Morin's analysis.

Tabular View of Analyses of Uterine Milk.

Analysis of the Uterine Milk of the Cow by Prevost and Morin.

By

Remarks on some Cases of Vascular Tumour seated in Muscle. CAMPBELL DE MORGAN, F. R.S., Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. THE records of surgery and pathology relating to vascular tumours seated in the muscles are, so far as I have discovered, but few and meagre. The disease, unless as an extension from the cutaneous or subcutaneous vascular growths, is either very uncommon or has not attracted the attention of surgeons, for the cases mentioned in this communication are all that I have seen myself or found described by others.

M. Demarquay, in a paper published in 'L'Union Médicale,' maintains that these tumours are not rare, and expresses surprise that surgeons have not oftener met with them. The reason why they have not been met with undoubtedly is, that they are amongst the rarest of tumours, especially that form of them in which they are surrounded by a fibrous sheath. M. Demarquay himself only brings forward six cases which he has been able to collect. Mr. Teevan, in his article on tumours in muscle, published in the last number of the 'Medico

Chirurgical Review,' mentions only five, one of which is Demarquay's case, and two of them are amongst those collected by him, while two others are examples of the extension of the disease from subcutaneous nævus. With the exception of Liston's case, and one brought to the Pathological Society by Dr. Buchanan, both of which will be presently alluded to, I know of none hitherto described in this country, and there is not a single specimen of the disease in the Museum of the College of Surgeons. In the Museum of St. Bartholomew's Hospital is one preparation marked erectile tumour in muscle. Mr. Callender was good enough to have it examined for me, and it proved to be one of erectile growth spreading out into the muscular tissue, not separated by an areolar capsule. Elsewhere I am not aware of any preparations illustrating this form of tumour. Surely, then, these growths must be extremely rare: it is very little likely that they should have been often found, but neither described nor preserved.

The following observations may then, perhaps, attract attention to a class of tumour which presents many points of interest in itself, as well as in relation to the general question of the development of abnormal growths. Into this latter question, however, I do not propose

to enter.

Ruth Edwards, a healthy girl of ten years of age, was sent to the hospital by Mr. Yate, of Godalming, to be treated for a tumour in the left leg. It was situated in the calf, its upper border lying just below the popliteal space, and was about the size and form of a small hen's egg. It was not movable upon the surrounding parts, but seemed bound down beneath the fascia. After standing or walking for a short time she suffered pain in the part, and pain was brought on by handling the tumour, but there was no tenderness. When she lay down, the swelling became much less prominent, and its boundaries could not be readily defined; it became still more indistinct if while she was lying down the leg was raised or the tumour kneaded and pressed upon, or if the leg was flexed; indeed, in this position it was not easy to make out the tumour at all. When she was standing up, the tumour was very prominent and tense, and its limits were clearly marked. The leg then measured 10 inches in circumference, and was of an inch more than the other limb. On her lying down it was reduced to 9 inches, and after pressing on the tumour or raising the leg, to 9 inches. No pulsation could be detected under any circumstances, nor was there any thrill or bruit distinguishable on auscultation. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries pulsated normally; there was nothing unusual in the condition of the skin, and the temperature of the part was not raised.

The only history that could be got was that her mother told her she had had a lump in the leg from the time of her birth; that she had run about and gone to school with little or no inconvenience until within the last few months, when the swelling became larger and more painful; and that she was in consequence unable to go to school or do any work.

Taking all the circumstances into account, the only conclusion

seemed to be, that this was a vascular or erectile tumour, unconnected with the skin or subcutaneous tissue, but lying beneath the fascia, and perhaps in the muscular tissue. Its clearly-defined borders indicated that it was not a mass of erectile tissue imbedded in and merging into the muscular structure, but that it had its own proper boundary. That it was not connected with any large arterial trunk was shown by the entire absence of sound or thrill, and by the natural beat of the arteries below it.

On

She was admitted on the 10th of February, 1863, and the tumour was removed on the 18th of February. A vertical incision three inches long was made directly over the long axis of the tumour. alitting up the fascia to the same extent, the tumour was seen covered by an extremely thin layer of the fibres of the gastrocnemius. This was dissected off, and the body of the tumour was then readily enucleated. At its upper end it tapered off into a fibrous cord, which ran up to the popliteal space. This cord was traced up for some little distance, and then cut across. A somewhat similar mode of termination existed at the lower end. There was no hemorrhage during any part of the operation. The wound was closed by metallic sutures, and united for the most part by first intention. The patient was discharged on the 3rd of March.

My colleague, Mr. Hulke, was kind enough to make a careful examination of the tumour, and has given me the following account of it: "The tumour is of a flattened oval shape, two inches by one in diameter; the outer, less convex than the inner surface, has some shreds of muscular fibre adherent to it. A section in the long axis of the tumour shows patches of cavernous, interspersed with yellowishfatty and greyish-fibrous, tissue, amongst which are some elastic fibres. In accordance with this difference of composition, the density of the tumour varies from sponginess to great firmness. The tougher greyish parts, which to the unaided eye appear to be fibrous, are found to contain much fatty and a small quantity of muscular tissue, particularly near the outer surface of the tumour. The primitive muscular fibres are scattered and separated by adipose tissue, and from the indistinctness of their markings and granular opacity are evidently undergoing a process of atrophy. The cavernous portions consist of cavities of various sizes, the largest about the size of a No. 4 shot, separated by partitions of fibrous tissue, with elongated nuclei. Some of the cavities contain coagula of various ages; others are empty, and some receive buds from the fibrous partitions or meshwork; these have rounded ends, and appear to be outgrowths. The cavities or sinuses have no proper walls or coats, but are interspaces in the partition or framework. I could not recognise any structures like those proper to arteries or veins of the same dimensions. The cavernous tissue is not, then, a simple hypertrophy of the vessels of the part in which the tumour is situated, but is a new formation."

It may be mentioned that numerous phleboliths about the size of small pins' heads were found imbedded in different parts of the tumour. This is noteworthy, as Cruveilhier states that, except in one case, which