by Reland; but, most naturally, from the following simple considerations. It was impossible for Tyre ever to have been a great commercial power, without the harbour which adjoins the island: and it is not likely that this harbour should have been used, and the island not have been built upon. But, admitting that the island was then inhabited, still the insular town was not necessarily to be considered as identical with the Old City, but merely an appendage of it. The wealthy men might live in Old Tyre, all whose merchants were princes; but the labouring mariner, and others of humble rank, would fix their dwelling upon Insular Tyre, near to the shipping. And it is this class of persons which is described as peculiarly in commotion and activity, on occasion of the success of Nebuchadnezzar's arms against the ancient parent city: The suburbs-Insular Tyre, and the parts adjacent to it and to the sea-side-shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots. And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships: they shall stand upon the land; and shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads: they shall wallow themselves in the ashes; and they shall make themselves utterly bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of heart and bitter wailing: and, in their wailing, they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, saying, What city is like Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea? (Ezek. xxvii. 28—32.)

This view of the divisions of this once-extensive city may serve also to reconcile the apparent con

trariety in the words of Ezekiel and Isaiah. Ezekiel, having predicted the destruction by Nebuchadnezzar, four times declares this destruction to be final: Thou shalt be built no more: chap. xxvi. 14 -Thou shalt be no more: thou shalt never be found again: v. 21-Thou never shalt be any more: chap. xxvii. 36-Never shalt thou be any more: chap. xxviii. 19. But Isaiah, having also predicted the same event of the destruction of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar, proceeds to declare that it SHALL BE RESTORED: chap. xxiii. 15-18. It shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years &c.: but-after the end of seventy years, the Lord will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, &c. The first part of Isaiah's prophecy, coinciding with that of Ezekiel, was accomplished, as has already been noticed, by the total destruction and razing to the ground of the Ancient City by Nebuchadnezzar in the 32d year of his reign, B. C. 573. After full seventy years, B. C. 503, the second part of the prophecy of Isaiah became fulfilled, by the rebuilding of INSULAR, not ANCIENT, Tyre, under Darius Hystaspes, in the 19th year of his reign*. We must, consequently, understand Isaiah, in his Twenty-third Chapter, to be speaking of two different cities, bearing successively the same name; the name of the parent city having been transferred to that which seventy years afterward sprung as it were from its ashes. The new city, built upon a contiguous site, was to revive the memory of the first: Make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be remembered: (Isaiah xxiii. 16.)

See Prideaux's Connection, Vol. I. Part 1. Book 2. Anno 573; and Book 4. Anno 503.

The vicissitudes experienced by Tyre, subsequently to the events predicted by Isaiah and Ezekiel, are of a very interesting nature. The extensive line of aqueducts, yet seen here in ruins, was the work of Alexander. The siege of the island by him, and the success of his astonishing project to join it to the main-land, filling up a channel of about half-a-mile in width, took place B. C. 332; that is, 171 years after the latest circumstance noticed in prophecy, and accomplished under Darius Hystaspes: (Isaiah xxiii. 15.) The commodiousness of this harbour was thus effectually impaired by the founder of Alexandria; and the commercial celebrity of Tyre gradually dwindled away.

There is something peculiarly sharp in the contrast drawn by Pliny; who, while he does homage to the nobility of Ancient Tyre, casts the scornful glance of a proud Roman at its vain and sole-surviving distinction in his time. "Tyre," he observes, "was formerly illustrious for having given birth to colonies-for being the parent of Leptis, of Attica, and of that rival of the Roman Empire, grasping at the whole earth, Carthage-illustrious for the building of a city beyond the limits of our Roman World, Cadiz: now, all her nobility consists in her shell and purple dye!"*

*The words of Pliny, giving at the same time, with great conciseness, the geographical bearings of this Ancient City, are as follows:Tyrus, quondam Insula, præalto mari septingentis passibus divisa, nunc verò Alexandri oppugnantis operibus Continens: olim partu clara, urbibus genitis, Lepti, Utica, et illa Romani Imperü æmula, terrarum orbis avida, Carthagine; etiam Gadibus extra orbem conditis. Nunc omnis ejus nobilitas conchylio atque purpurâ constat. Circuitus XIX. mill. passuum est, intra Palætyro inclusa. Oppidum ipsum XXII. stadia obtinet. Inde Sarepta, et Ornithon oppida, et Sidon artifex vitri, &c. (Plinii Nat. Hist. lib. v. cap. 17.)

In a far purer and sublimer strain, designed to humble, not to flatter, the evil passions of our nature, the inspired Prophet declares the instructive design of this dispensation: THE LORD HATH PURPOSED IT, TO STAIN THE PRIDE OF ALL GLORY! Surely if there be on the face of the earth at this moment one Nation pre-eminent above the rest "in Ships, in Colonies, in Commerce," this is the spot from which the voice of the Judge of Nations should be heard by herwarning her not to be lifted up with pride, or debased by luxury and selfishness; but to devote her merchandise as HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD-liberally embarking her wealth and powerful influence in every benevolent and religious enterprise. Gratitude demands it; and this will be her surest protection!

KHAN NAHOURA.

Having passed over the beautiful stream and meadows of Ras el Ain, we entered a more rocky road, and came to the foot of the line of mountains, ending in a promontory, called Capo Bianco, or the White Cliff; which forms a mid-way barrier betwixt Tyre and Acre. After ascending it a little way, we reached, just after sun-set, a poor hovel, called Khan Nahoura; the owner of which, having several guests already arrived, made many difficulties about receiving us a little money, however, changed his heart toward us. Happily, just before our arrival, we were hailed by some fishermen on the water-side— men, who probably at this day are unconsciously fulfilling the prophecy of Ezekiel, chap. xxvi. 5, 14 -from whom we bought some excellent fish. With no other preparation than that of putting them

whole into the burning embers, they furnished us with a very seasonable and refreshing supper.

FINE VIEW OF MOUNT CARMEL.

Saturday, Nov. 1, 1823-Very early before sun-rise, we set off from this poor Khan, designing to reach Acre before noon, which, at the slow rate that we travelled, would not be easy. Contrary to their usual custom, the guides were as eager now to depart as ourselves: the reason was, that, as the Pacha dines at noon and retires immediately after to sleep, and no traveller is permitted to enter the gate of the city till his name and business are announced personally to the Pacha, he who should arrive between twelve and three o'clock incurs the risk of waiting all that time, be the weather what it may, almost without shelter*.

The first hour of our journey we spent nearly in darkness-wanderers, as it seemed to me, among the mountains; both guides and animals, however, with instructive sagacity keeping the track. At length the pleasant light covered the sky; and, not long after, we arrived at the height which commands the ample plain of Acre. The elegant and lofty Minaret of the City appeared at a distance of seven or eight miles, directly before us: in the background, far off, twice as distant as the City, was a noble scene-Mount Carmel dipping its feet in the Western Sea; and, to the east, running considerably

On his return this way, the Author, with about thirty others, who gradually collected at the gate, had to wait in this manner nearly three hours, in the rain; a few of the party being miserably sheltered under the arch-way.