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knows what is truly good for us. To resign our will to his is our duty and our happiness too. May God preserve and guard him in the passage, so that you may meet one another with joy!

"May I not entertain a ray of hope of your coming to this country, and passing the evening of your days under my roof; where you should be exactly as retired as you wished? Mrs. Hudleston, who is extremely sensible of your goodness to her, heartily joins me in this invitation. We live in a

"As God has made you a joyful mother, you will, I hope, be happy in educating your children, so that they may be a blessing to their fellow-quiet, retired manner, and our principal anxiety creatures, and a true joy of both your hearts.

"I must confess that the education which many parents give to their children, is highly detrimental. They spend their younger years in learning those things which profit them nothing. Their understandings are not furnished with divine knowledge, their wills are not bent to love and obey God, their passions not properly restrained or directed. At last they grow up without fearing, obeying and honoring God: they are ashamed of showing any thing relative to true Christianity. They are taught to do their duty, without knowing the source from whence they ought to draw strength.

will soon be directed to the education of our children; a work in which you, my dear sir, would give us the most truly valuable assistance."

In a postscript to this letter, dated October 31, 1794, Mr. Hudleston adds, that, at the suggestion of his wife, they had named an infant son, then just born, "Frederick," after their revered friend; to which they had attached another "endeared name," that of Irwin.

Mr. Swartz does not appear to have replied to this letter till the 10th of January, 1796, when he assures Mr. Hudleston that he had read it "again and again with great pleasure." He recurs to the infatuation of Ameer Sing in retaining his unworthy minister Shevarow, and intimates, as stated in the Memoirs, that his adherence to him and his family was owing to his fears, "that they could and would prove his want of right to the throne."

He then refers to his advancing age, and thus piously concludes this beautiful letter.

"I find that in many of the latest publications, the atonement of the Redeemer, and the divine operations of the blessed Spirit of God, are altogether forgotten, nay, exploded. If the foundation of true Christianity is destroyed, what superstructure can be raised? I therefore cannot but entreat you to learn the way to heaven from the sermons of your Redeemer, and the epistles of St. Paul and the "Some months ago I entered on the 70th year of other apostles. My favorite chapter is the third of my age. But, blessed be God, I can still perform St. Paul's Epistle to the Philippians. There you my duties with ease and satisfaction. I felt, howwill find the genuine character of a true Christian. ever, one severe attack, which had nearly put an "All worldly things, though not sinful in them- end to my life. One evening, when the children selves, appear to that exalted Christian as dross. had left me, I felt all at once a very painful opHe wishes to find Christ as his treasure and great-pression, that I could hardly breathe. This conest gain, by whom he has obtained mercy, pardon, tinued from nine o'clock in the evening till three in peace, and a hope of everlasting life. the morning. It returned once more, but with less violence and shorter duration.

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He explains the reasons why he was so much attached to Jesus, namely, because without him he had no righteousness and pardon. In and by his Redeemer he wished to be made like unto his death, and the disposition of the heart of the dying Redeemer. In and by him he hoped to attain a joyful resurrection. Such a state is unspeakably happy. O may this be your and my happy state! So wishes,

"Dear Madam,
"Your unknown but sincere friend,
"C. F. SWARTZ."

On the 28th of February, 1793, Mr. Swartz wrote to Mr. Hudleston from Vepery, informing him of his journey to Madras, as the guardian of Serfojee and the late Rajah's family. It is, however, unnecessary to repeat what is so fully detailed in the 18th chapter of the memoirs as to the causes of this visit to the presidency. The conclusion of the letter is marked by his characteristic piety.

"I hope you are quite settled, and enjoy your rest from noise and multiplied occupations.

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Peace, that most desirable blessing, is enjoyed by this whole country. May we seek likewise peace with God in the way which he most graciously has revealed to us. The enjoyment of that blessing will not only rejoice our hearts, but promote real happiness, nay, make our departure easy or joyous. May your dear children grow up in godliness, and all truly good accomplishments !"

*

"This illness, which came upon me all of a sudden, I look upon as a kind monitor to teach me that my gracious Lord will soon call me away. May 1 be able to say, 'Come, Lord Jesus!' You see, then, my dear sir, that I shall soon quit this world. A blessed eternity is now the daily subject of my meditation. How awful is this change! Blessed be God, who hath sent us a Redeemer who has borne our sins, and purchased eternal happiness for all. The Redeemer Jesus Christ, is the true, nay, the only comfort of all who, being sensible of their sins, flee to him for refuge. For who is that person, which dares to confide in his own righteousness? Paul looked upon the righteousness of Jesus found in him,' was the passionate wish of that as his only support. To win Christ, and to be blessed apostle.

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father-in-law, who now enjoys what he had be-
"Such was, I believe, the aim of your deceased
that glorious state of the blessed in heaven, is and
lieved, practised, and preached. To look up to
will be a strong preservative of a true Christian.
May God bless your dear children, and particu-
larly my dear Frederick Irwin!
May he prove
the joy of his parents, and a blessed instrument of
promoting the spiritual and temporal prosperity of
his fellow-creatures, and at last be received into
eternal glory!

principles of true piety. May your dear consort so educate her children, that before the throne of

"Remember me kindly to your dear consort. I Mr. Hudleston, in a reply to the preceding letter, remember how highly Major Stevenst spoke of his a copy of which is among his papers, after express-mother, who had instilled into his tender mind the ing his lively interest in the welfare of Madras, his regret that Ameer Sing had proved so unworthy of Mr. Swartz's and his own disinterested exertions to place him on the musnud, and his satisfaction on hearing of his journey to Madras with Serfojee, gives the following cordial invitation to his venerable friend to spend the remainder of his days in England.

* See chap. XX.

+ Of whose pious and happy departure Mr. Hudleston had informed Mr. Swartz in the preseding letter.

+ See chap. x.

Christ she may be able to say, 'Behold here am I, | undertaken by one so competent to fulfil it as Mr. and the children which thou hast given me!'"

This was Mr. Swartz's last and most truly Christian letter to Mr. Hudleston. The next which occurs in his collection is from Mr. Gericke, announcing the painful intelligence of their venerated friend's translation to a higher world.

"His death." writes the excellent Gericke, in language closely resembling that of the Memoirs, was such as might be expected from the tenor of his life." He then acknowledges the arrival of a letter from Mr. Hudleston to Mr. Swartz a few days after his death, and adds as follows.

"You had anxiously waited for more favorable accounts regarding his health; but alas! though he himself is now made perfectly happy, we, and thousands with us, are left to lament his loss. Nay, I believe there are none that have known him, of Europeans and Indians, Christians, Mohammedans, and heathens, but lament with us, that such a man is no more on earth with them."

On the 10th of June, 1799, Mr. Hudleston, in a letter to Mr. Kohlhoff, expresses his heartfelt concern and affliction on the death of his inestimable friend, "whose existence," he says, "upon earth I had sanguinely hoped would have been prolonged, in mercy to a sinful world, that can but ill afford to lose the purest model of virtue, truth, and piety, that ever walked upon its surface, one only excepted. I well know, sir, the footing on which you had the happiness to stand with that best and most revered of men; and I trust you cannot be ignorant that I was honored with a share of his regard-of which I am more proud than of any other acquisition I ever made.'

Gericke, but expressed his fears lest from residing at such a distance from Tanjore, he should not be sufficiently acquainted with that most interesting period of Mr. Swartz's life which comprehended his own residence at Tanjore as the Company's minister.

"To you, sir," he says, "I think it cannot be unknown that in all my administration at Tanjore, Mr. Swartz was my mentor and guide, as well as the medium through which my intercourse with the poor Rajah Tuljajee was carried on; and that every complaint or representation made to me was referred to his investigation and report, on which my decision was invariably founded. The severe and unjust orders of the then government respecting the Rajah, which went to the length of directing me to seize the person of his minister, and send him to Madras, and to take possession of the Tanjore country, and collect the revenue on the Company's account, I should perhaps hardly have ventured to resist or remonstrate against, if I had not been encouraged and fortified by Mr. Swartz's concurrent opinion, and most perfect approbation."

Mr. Hudleston then refers to the affecting, and to their lamented friend the highly honorable scene, which took place at the palace the night preceding the death of the Rajah Tuljajee, "when," as he justly observes, "the highest tribute ever paid to European virtue was offered by that prince, in his earnest request and entreaty to permit him to appoint Mr. Swartz the regent and manager of all the affairs of his country till his adopted son Serfojee should come of age," and to the distinguished kindness and honor shown him by Hyder Ali, "to whom all others of European race, in connection with the English, were so obnoxious."

Two other letters remain among Mr. Hudleston's papers, one of which, from Serfojee Rajah, in the year 1814, contains the following passage, which that prince evidently intended as the highest compliment that he could pay to Mr. Hudleston and Mr. Torin.

Mr. Hudleston next observes, that it had occurred to him that the promulgating such a life as that of Mr. Swartz," would be an essential benefit to mankind, by tending to spread and perpetuate the benefit of his spotless example," and requests Mr. Kohlhoff and Mr. Gericke to communicate to him all the particulars of his history which might be in their power-"for every incident," he says, "of his life will be interesting, and the unvaried tenor of his "It is true that many of the noble and amiable righteous course will administer the truest satis-qualities of our dear friend, the Rev. Mr. Swartz, faction and encouragement to every sincere Chris- by which he has made so great a figure in the tian. You, I doubt not," he continues, "were with world, and which were productive of many advanhim in his last hours, and witnessed (to use the me-tages and benefits to me, would have died with him, morable words of Addison) 'in what peace a Christian can die;' and I am extremely anxious to hear from you the particulars of that afflicting and transcendently interesting period."

Mr. Hudleston then expresses his anxiety to possess some little memorial of his highly valued friend-a ring, or seal, or walking stick, which would be to him inestimable.

had they not found their way to the hearts of you and Mr. Torin. The consequence is, that though the loss which I have sustained in the death of that unexampled personage is irreparable, I have sufficient reason to rest contented, because I am certain that the same qualities in you will produce the same effects."

The author cannot deny himself the pleasure of In March, 1801, Mr. Kohlhoff replied to the pre-quoting the next passage in his late highness's letceding letter, by sending to Mr. Hudleston a snuff ter, which contains the following honorable tribute box which had belonged to their beloved friend, and to a gentleman from whom he has received so a gold ring with some of his hair, which he had much gratifying attention in the compilation of taken after his death. He encloses an extract from these Memoirs. his letter to the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge, containing some particulars respecting Mr. Swartz's death, but expresses his inability to afford Mr. Hudleston any account of his life, and informs him that Mr. Gericke intended to write it"but after all," he adds, "it must be an imperfect one, as our late beloved friend kept no copies of his letters, nor a diary of his transactions, or works. But however imperfect it may be, it will be very acceptable."

In an answer to the preceding letter, in 1802, Mr. Hudleston rejoiced that "the task of giving to the world some account of the life of him who was one of the greatest blessings ever lent to it," had been * Chap. xxii.

"What you have said with regard to the Lieutenant-Colonel Blackburne, the present resident at my durbar, is very true, and to praise him as I ought is beyond my power. I think it is enough to tell you, that the happiness which I enjoy I owe to himself entirely; because I assure you that it is his prudent and judicious advice alone which saves me from many evils to which my situation is always liable-not to mention his unremitted exertions to preserve my honor and dignity."

The other letter referred to is from Mr. Hudleston, in reply to the preceding from Serfojee Rajah, in which, among other subjects, he expresses his grateful sense of his highness's kind recollection of what he always felt as one of the happiest circumstances of his life, the having received him from

the arms of his illustrious friend Tuljajee Maha Rajah, who in his dying words, had recommended him to his care. "Nor can I ever forget," he adds, "the kind expression of his entire reliance on my friendship which was the last I heard from his lips, as it was interpreted to me by our holy, venerable, and beloved friend, Mr. Swartz, who is now an angel in heaven."

and to his officers not to permit them to do so; and these injunctions were strictly obeyed.

Though, for the reasons already stated, Mr. Hu-sessed qualities very unusual in persons of that dleston did not fulfil his intention of writing the life of Mr. Swartz, an unfinished sketch of his character was found among his papers, together with observations on some circumstances relating to his history, from which the author has extracted a few passages, which serve still further to develope and illustrate the peculiar and unrivalled excellence of the revered missionary.

In referring to the mission of Mr. Swartz to Hyder Ali, in the year 1779, the relation of which, Mr. Hudleston observes, he received from his own mouth, after stating the circumstances which led to this remarkable journey, he thus proceeds:

"The other fact had reference to a date nearly twenty years preceding, and before the commencement of our interference with the affairs of Tanjore. Mr. Swartz then resided principally at Trichinopoly, but often visited Tanjore, and had frequent interviews with the Rajah Tuljajee, who posrank in India. With the ordinary endowments of a polished exterior, mildness, and urbanity of manners, he united sensibility, an excellent understanding, and strength of mind. There was something of attraction in Mr. Swartz which no language can adequately express. It will not, therefore, excite wonder that the Rajah became attached to him, sought his friendship, and placed in him unbounded confidence. Perhaps the reader's mind may be prepared for the extraordinary result, and have anticipated the fact to which I have alluded, namely, that the Rajah became convinced of the truth of the Christian religion. The sequel I cannot relate without "In his very first interview, Hyder told him, that pain, nor, as an Englishman, without a sense of he was made an instrument to cover intentions and bids the suppression of it. "The Rajah was about humiliation, but justice to the Rajah's memory forviews very different from the purity of his own mind; that the English had adopted the designs of to declare himself a Christian, when the British his enemy, (the Nabob,) and that it was now too army, in aid of the nabob of the Carnatic, and in furtherance of his views, entered his country, and late to convince him that they had altered their after defeating his forces, laid siege to his capital. policy, or that they entertained any views really A compromise or suspension of hostilities for that friendly to him. He then requested Mr. Swartz time was purchased of the nabob by the Rajah : not to renew the subject, but assured him that for but the following year the armies again advanced, any other purpose he was welcome to stay in Se-Tanjore was taken by assault, and the Rajah made ringapatam, and should receive every attention, prisoner. The East India Company felt, as became and might come to his durbar as often as he pleased, them, the horrid injustice of the transaction, and and thus remarkably concluded, that "he had also sent Lord Pigot to Madras to redress it. But it his free permission to try to convert any of his peo- had gone far beyond the reach of any adequate ple to his religion, if he thought he could succeed; for he was sure he would say nothing improper to abandoned all thoughts of becoming a Christian. and the Rajah, offended and disgusted, reparation; them, or that would tend to injure his authority." It did not, however, diminish his confidence in Mr. Mr. Swartz soon after took his leave of Hyder, and Swartz, as has been shown in relating the history returned to Tanjore; finding in every village, as of the last hours of his existence." he passed, the Amildars and the inhabitants in general eager to show him attention, and to supply him gratuitously with every thing which he required. Hyder Ali the next year executed his plan of vengeance, but forgot not that there was one European against whom he had no resentment; and the order to all his officers, civil and military, "to permit the venerable padre Swartz to pass free and unmolested, and to show him respect and kindness," was issued, as related in the tenth chapter of the

Memoirs.

Mr. Hudleston adds a few important and interesting circumstances to the narrative which has been fully given of the death of the Rajah Tuljajee, and his adoption of a son, as well as respecting the character and history of the Rajah himself. He asserts that Mr. Swartz remonstrated with the dying prince on the injustice as well as the impolicy of excluding his brother from the regency during the minority of Serfojee, and earnestly entreated him to release him from confinement, and to be reconciled to him-advice which after some deliberation was accepted; but which, from the subsequent misconduct of Ameer Sing, Mr. Swartz had reason bitterly to regret.

"I shall now," continues Mr. Hudleston, "state two interesting facts with respect to the Rajah Tuljajec, which, I believe, are known to very few even in India. The first which I shall mention led me to conjecture, that in the interview between the Rajah and Mr. Swartz, on the night preceding his death, something more might have passed than he was at liberty to communicate; it was this-the Rajah, almost with his dying breath, gave the most positive injunctions to his wives not to burn with his body,

character and labors, which has been before alluded In the essay, towards a view of Mr. Swartz's to, and which was left imperfect and unfinished, stated respecting him was the result of personal Mr. Hudleston premises, that whatever he has knowledge and experience, after several years of intimate and uninterrupted friendship and correspondence.

sionary, and of the respect and veneration in which After speaking of Mr. Swartz's success as a mishe was invariably held, he proceeds as follows.

"By what charm, then, or spell, did he acquire such unbounded influence over the minds of many millions of the natives inhabiting the vast regions of the peninsula of India, so that the confidence of poor and rich, of prince and peasant, was equal, and voluntarily and unanimously given; so that in the midst of war and desolation, he walked as securely in the enemy's districts as in our own-all, with one accord, holding his person sacred, and eager to show him kindness and attention? In undertaking to answer this interesting question, I engage in a task which is of all others the most gratifying to me, and at the same time, one to which I am conscious my abilities are most inadequate, since it involves an endeavor to delineate the cha racter of Mr. Swartz.

"In pure and genuine piety, there is a charm that commands the general suffrage of mankind, which even the impious and the profligate feel and reverence. This charm, this attribute, the truly illus trious person of whom I am speaking, possessed in a degree, I verily believe, pre-eminent over all the rest of the sons of men that have existed since the times of the apostles. In the external manifesta

culiar characteristics of that Divine Person; in his practice of addressing himself principally to those that labor and are heavy laden,' and in making himself looked up to as the unfailing advocate of the poor and the injured, for whom his intercessions were incessant, as were his endeavors to obtain for them of the prince of the country the blessings of a lenient and equitable government. And as he had interceded for the people with their prince, so for the latter Mr. Swartz interceded with the British government, when he knew him to have been treated with rigor and injustice.

"Here again I must allude to that in him of which I believe history records no other example, namely, that all this success, unparalleled before or since, in winning the hearts of men, and all this homage, produced in Mr. Swartz no change. The same humility and abstraction from every interested or worldly view, which distinguished him at the commencement of his career, distinguished him through all its progress, and to its final close, amidst the favor of princes, states, and governments, of men of every denomination, and of every religion and sect.

tions of piety, and in zeal to promote and extend its influence both by precept and example, I am aware and gladly acknowledge that he has been and is at this moment, emulated by distinguished individuals in this country, some few of whom it has been and is my pride and happiness to be able to number among my friends; and I doubt not by many others whose spheres of action are more confined. They have reminded me too of that in Mr. Swartz which no single word in our language can, at least to my satisfaction adequately express. It was the union of piety, not with unassuming meekness and humility only, which are its inseparable attendants, but of piety joined with an almost infantine simplicity, and unaccompanied by the smallest tincture of austerity, fanaticism, or dogmatical conceit. It diffused perpetual serenity and cheerfulness over his whole aspect, and by an irresistible impulse commanded at once respect and affection. In the presence of a monarch, you could not feel more conscious of inferiority; yet it was a feeling unmixed with pain or fear. It was not possible to converse with him once without being impatient to converse with him again; and to those who were accustomed to that gratification, his absence presented a vacuum, though in the midst of company. "It was not his custom, except with his most inti-quence, in a word, of all that other men look up to, mate friends,* to introduce voluntarily the subject plying all that he received to the good of others, and completely at his command, he continued poor, apof religion; but the instant the conversation led to reserving nothing for himself beyond what was neit, you saw his countenance light up, and beam a cessary to provide for his daily wants. To him the smile of benignant approbation. No one, I believe, natives saw no resemblance either in any other Euever heard from his lips an uncharitable word. peans in succession lift themselves from obscurity ropean, or in themselves. They saw other Euroand humble stations, to affluence, rank, and power, then disappear, and others take their places, but none taking any interest in their welfare, or making their own aggrandisement; but Swartz remained use of them except as a means of accomplishing with them. In him they always saw the same unaspiring meekness, and the same condition, and found in him the same kind and disinterested friend.* What could the natives of India, among whom he lived, conclude respecting such a man, but that which they did conclude, and which was a common observation among them when he was spoken of, namely, that he was unlike and superior to all other men.""

"With the means of wealth and worldly conse

"In these virtues, as I have already intimated, Mr. Swartz may have been equalled by many other amiable and revered characters, though by none surpassed; but in another respect, he was, I think, absolutely unrivalled; and it was this, which more than all the other features of his character, great and venerable as they were, rooted him in the affection of the natives, and made them consider him as distinguished from all the rest of mankind. He presented to their astonished eyes the union of genuine piety with an entire abstraction, in respect to himself, from temporal views, while his endeavors were constantly exerted to promote their temporal as well as eternal welfare. Nor were those for the former lessened by their not accepting the greater boon; in regard to which, however, he was of infinite benefit to many thousands whom his moral precepts Such are the principal contents of the late Mr. improved, and reclaimed from their lawless and Hudleston's papers respecting the venerable misdishonest courses, although they did not accept the sionary of Tanjore. They will appear, as the aupure religion which he offered them in the place of thor has stated in the advertisement prefixed to their own idolatry. And on whose lips could per- this Edition of the Memoirs, to contain but little suasion hang, if not on his who exhibited to them that is strictly new; but they will be found peculiarthe Christian religion in its loveliest form, and in interesting and valuable, as confirining, upon the all its native purity; in the undeviating tenor of highest authority, all that had been previously rewhose spotless course they saw its genuine off-corded concerning that truly eminent person; and spring, and a model of all it teaches-for, as most truly stated in the inscription on his tomb, his life was one continued effort to imitate the example of his blessed Master;' and most especially in the unaffected lowliness and benignity which were the pe

*This must only be understood of Mr. Swartz's unwillingness to obtrude religious conversation upon strangers, where he thought that it might not prove useful; otherwise, the whole history of his life shows, that he was anxious upon all practicable occasions to render his intercourse with all around him pious and edifying.

as adding one more powerful and coinciding testimony to a pious excellence, and a moral influence, which may be justly deemed unequalled and unrivalled in the annals of Christian missions.

Mr. Hudleston here mentions, that for the first twenty of the fifty years that he was lent to the Indian world, Swartz pursued his benevolent scheme on foot; nor would he take to the use of a palankeen until the climate and advancing age had considerably impaired his strength, when he consented to permit a palankeen to be kept for him at the public expense.

INDEX.

INTRODUCTORY SKETCH.

Extensive propagation of the Gospel during the first four centuries. Subsequent decline. Slumber of the middle ages. Maritime Discoveries of the Portuguese. Syrian Christians. Armenian Christians. Roman Catholic Missions. Zeal of the Dutch. Danish Mission.

Ziegenbalg and Grundler. Patronage of the Tranquebar Mission by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. Schultz, and other Danish Missionaries. Establishment of a Mission at Madras. Introduction of Christianity into Tanjore. Mission at Cuddalore. Capture of Fort St. George by the French. Mr. Fabricius. Roman Catholic Churches and Mission Houses at Vepery and Cuddalore, granted to the Protestant Missionaries at the peace, in 1748. State of the Danish Mission previously to the arrival of Swartz. Recapitulation....

CHAPTER I.

A. D. 1726 to A. D. 1750.

Early life and education of Swartz, His removal to Halle. Proposal to go out as a Danish missionary to Tranquebar. He obtains the consent of his father. His Ordination. Departure for England, and kind reception by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. He embarks for India. Account of his voyage. He arrives at Tranquebar. First occupations at the Mission....

CHAPTER II.

A. D. 1751 TO A. D. 1754.

Mr. Swartz enters on the duties of a Missionary. His account of these in a Letter to a Friend. Careful preparation of Candidates for Baptism. Excursions to the Towns and Villages near Tranquebar. Specimens of Swartz's Conversations with the Natives. Letter to Dr. Struensee. Periodical Reports of the Danish Mission. Pious custom of the Missionaries on proceeding upon a Journey. Visit of Messrs. Kohlhoff and Swartz to Cuddalore. Pastoral and weekly Conferences with their Brethren there. Return to Tranquebar..

CHAPTER III.

A. D. 1754 TO A. D. 1759.

War in the Carnatic between the French and English. Mr. Swartz continues his usual labors and excursions. Letter to Professor Francke. Expedition of Mr. Poltzenhagen to the Nicobar Islands. His Death. Letter of Swartz to a friend in Europe. Visit of Messrs. Kohlhoff and Swartz to Negapatam. Conversations with the Natives. Favorable results of the journey. Second visit to Negapatam. 182

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Swartz's address to the native Catechists. Capture of Fort St. David and Cuddalore by the French. Kindness of Count Lally to the missionaries. They retreat to Tranquebar. Mr. Kiernander removes to Calcutta. Mr. Hutteman returns to Cuddalore. Death of one of the first five converts of Ziegenbalg at Tranquebar. The French army approaches Madras. Messrs. Fabricius and Breithaupt protected by Count Lally. They leave Vepery, and retire to Pullicat. An English fleet relieves Madras. The French army retreats and the missionaries return to Vepery...

CHAPTER IV.

A. D. 1759 TO A. D. 1766.

Page

25

Tranquillity of the Danish missionaries during the late hostilities in the Carnatic. Visit 6 of Mr. Swartz to Ceylon. His various ministerial labors and his illness in that Island. His faithful admonition to a skeptic. His departure from Ceylon. His reflections on this visit. Journey with Mr. Kohlhoff to Cuddalore and Madras. His religious views and feelings in a letter to a friend. Enlarged sphere of Mr. Swartz's labors. Journey to Tanjore and Trichinopoly. First proceedings in those cities. Introduction to the Nabob of Arcot. Conversations with natives near Trichinopoly. Commencement of Divine Service with the English garrison. Contagious fever. Services of Swartz during the siege of Madura. His removal from Tranquebar, and establishment at Trichinopoly, as a Missionary of the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. Arrival of Mr. Gericke in India...... ... 29

16

21

CHAPTER V.

A. D. 1766 TO A. D. 1768.

Sketch of Swartz and his early proceedings at Trichinopoly by the late W. Chambers, Esq. He builds a church at that place. Prayer at its dedication. Mission-house and schools at Trichinopoly. War between Hyder Ali and the great powers of Southern India. Swartz visits his brethren at Tranquebar. Incidents on his journey. His visits to the sick and wounded at Trichinopoly. Conversations with Hindoos and Mohammedans. Letters to friends in Europe. State of Tanjore at that period. The hopes of Swartz as to the diffusion of Christianity. Conclusion of his journal for the year 1768....

CHAPTER VI.

A. D. 1769 TO A. D. 1770.

Continuation of hostilities. Zeal and disinterestedness of Swartz. His conference with a Romish Padre. Peace between Hyder Ali and

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