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in arms at Glasgow, was mistaken, he never having been there,* but said he believed the witness (who had been his servant) thought so, as he might take a gentleman for him, who was very much like him and was at Glasgow. He was proved to be in arms in about eight other places by many witnesses, and same as above, made no objection to the evidence given against him, owned the justice of his sentence, and begged the judges to recommend him to his Majesty for mercy. I have been thus particular, because it has been with great industry given out here, as if this man's sentence was unjust, and was because of having so good an estate forfeited, and as I doubt not but this wicked scandal may have been propogated in your parts. It is said Lord George Murray, though he had a considerable command in the rebel army, was the whole time, or however some time before the glorious battle of Culloden, a spy, and has been for some time in this town and made great discoveries. It is also said we may soon expect to hear of many persons having greyhounds seize them.

Yours &c.,

RICHARD WOOLFE.

Extract from a letter dated 9th April, 1747.

A gentleman of this Inn was at the Tower this morning, who heard old Lovat as he passed a young woman in one of the rooms, ask the officer, if he would not permit him to give her a kiss. The officer gave him a very proper rebuke, so that he contented himself with saying he hoped he would not prevent him from, what he accordingly did, say to her, he wished her well. This gentleman says, that when the old man arrived upon the stage, he sat him

* A curious story is told of Squire Massey of Puddington Hall in Wirral, who had been out in 1715 with the Pretender, but when he quitted him he suspected he should be watched in getting home. He adopted, in consequence, a singular expedient. He quitted the ranks before he reached the boundary of Cheshire and took bye-roads towards the Mersey, which he swam across in its broadest part. But before reaching Puddington Hall he fell upon an unfortunate countryman, whom he beat within an inch of his life. The man, naturally indignant, brought him before the magistrate, who fined him heavily for the assault. When, therefore, the informers came forward to swear to Massey having been with the rebel army on a certain day, he appealed to the magistrate's conviction, but it was not admitted as a full and sufficient alibi, for he was subsequently taken and conveyed to Chester Castle, in which captivity he died within a few weeks afterwards,

down in a chair about twelve minutes before he laid his head to the block. I do not hear that he read any paper to the spectators or made them any speech, nor of any particulars of what he said to those about him, save that he said that about 500 years ago an ancestor of his was there beheaded. He died a Catholic of the Jansenist persuasion. Several people have lost their lives by the falling of a scaffold and great numbers much hurt.

After the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle the French Court, though willing to please their new allies, was required to relinquish Charles's cause and to stipulate his exclusion from their territories. They proposed to establish Charles Edward at Friburg in Switzerland, with the title of Prince of Wales, a company of guards and a sufficient pension. Charles, however, refused to leave Paris, and Louis XIV, finding threats, entreaties, arguments all vain, cailed a council of state, where it was deemed the kindest act to arrest him and carry the Prince out of the kingdom by force. He was seized, bound with thirty-six ells of black silk ribbon and conveyed, with a single attendant, to the state-prison of Vincennes. After a few days' confinement he was carried to Pont de Beauvoisin, on the frontier of Savoy, and there restored to a wandering and desolate freedom. Charles first repaired to Avignon, but in a few weeks he again set forth, and for many years the movements of the Royal wanderer were wrapt in mystery. However, it is now known that in this interval he visited Venice and Germany, that he resided secretly for some time at Paris and that he even undertook a mysterious journey to England in 1750, and perhaps another in 1762 or 1763. It was not till the year 1766 that he settled at Florence and married the Princess of Stolberg. There he resided until his death, which took place in January, 1788. His funeral rites were performed by his brother, the Cardinal, but his coffin was afterwards removed to St. Peter's at Rome, where it is deposited next to those of his father and brother. Beneath that unrivalled dome lie

mouldering the remains of these brave and gallant hearts, whom the world now freely pardons for their exertions by a fair and brave attempt to win back the crown of their birthright that had been so madly lost to them by their father and grandfather, James II. Requiescant in pace! A stately monument, from the chisel of Canova, has been here erected at the charge of the last George to the memory of James III, Charles III and Henry IX, by titular descent kings of England; and often at the present day does the English traveller turn from the sunny height of the Pincian, or the carnival throngs of the Corso, to gaze in thoughtful silence on that royal tomb-that sad mockery of human greatness and that last record of ruined hopes. The marble tells of a race justly expelled; yet who, after a century has passed away, will unkindly remember their errors, or will not rather join in the prayer that kings and judges of the earth would learn wisdom and prudence from their fate, and no longer pertinaciously adhere to hereditary rights that cannot be maintained, and obsolete pretensions that have lost their influence with the world? The royal race of Stuart will not have perished in vain if truths shall have arisen from their ashes that shall have established the principles of good government under a constitutional monarchy as the surest basis of the political existence of every state.

MEMORANDUM.

The letters are original and unpublished. The historical narrative which connects this correspondence is taken from Chambers's "History of Scotland," and Earl Stanhope's "History of England."

LL. JEWITT DEL. & So.

[The Claymore of Prince Charles Edward, presented by His Royal Highness The Prince Regent to Macdonald of Clanronald: the Photogram from which this Wood-cut is taken has been the gift of that chieftain to Lieut.-General Sir Edward Cust.]

NOTES ON INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT AND

FOREST TREES.

By Mr. C. S. Gregson,

LATE PRESIDENT OF THE NORTHERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

(READ 12TH MARCH, 1863.)

PREMISING that there are very great numbers of species of insects which feed upon fruit and forest trees without doing any perceptible damage, I purpose leaving them as harmless and treating only of such as are particularly injurious to the growth of our orchard and forest trees, not having seen anything likely to direct the gardener or forester to the proper and only cure for what is in some districts a source of very great loss. I have thought it best not only to give the life history of each particular species treated of, but also to state my opinion upon the best means of stopping or preventing the evil. Of all the misfortunes which befall an orchard or plantation nothing is so likely to eventually injure it as allowing branches broken by storms or otherwise to remain as they fall; in all cases they should be taken away and the injured parts of the tree cut smooth, else we run the risk of many sorts of insects depositing their eggs in the injured parts, which, once done, the tree is doomed to death. Timber-feeding coleoptera, lepidoptera, diptera &c., are all in search of such places to hide their eggs, free from the prying eyes of the tits and creepers, and where the young larva can commence eating its proper food the moment it requires it. Once the larva begins to feed, its excrement becomes food for other insects, and the tree is regularly beset with natural enemies, damp gets in, fungi grow, and though the tree to-day may be worth

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