Ethical Theory: From Hobbes to Kant

act according actions Adam Smith affection altruism approval Balguy benevolence Bentham Bernard de Mandeville Butler categorical imperative cause cerning character choose Clarke conception concerning conscience consider contrary Cudworth definition desire doctrine duty egoism emotional essence eternal ethical theory evil existence fact faculty feelings follow freedom greatest happiness hedonism hedonistic Hobbes human nature Hume Hume's Hutcheson ibid idea idem impartial individual innate instinct involved John Balguy judge justice Kant Kant's Kantian law of nature Locke Locke's man's mankind means merely mind moral law moral sense moral sentiments motive natural rights naturalist ness obey object obligation ourselves pain passions person Plato pleasure postulate practical reason Price principle produce promise rational regard rewards and punishments right and wrong rules Samuel Clarke seek self-evident self-love Shaftesbury social society soul spectator Spinoza sympathy teleology tells tend things thought tion true truth universal utilitarian vidual virtue virtuous word