7. Show how the prismoidal formula is arrived at, and explain the nature of the elementary solids of which the block it deals with is composed.

8. State what curves and gradients you would consider admissible, as a general rule, upon railways under the following circumstances:

(a) in a moderately undulating country;

(b) in hilly districts;

(c) among mountains.

9. In the execution of earthworks, what are the usual limits for leads in the case of barrow work, and when the earth is shifted in waggons drawn by horses on a temporary track?

10. With labourers' wages at 2s. 6d. per day, what would be the probable cost per cubic yard of getting and filling, in ordinary earth excavation, and also in gravel, shale, and loose rock?

11. At what would you estimate the cost of transport (only) per cubic yard for earth taken to the following distances: 100 yards,mile, mile, and I mile?

12. In the case of an ordinary railway-cutting, what would you estimate the cost of "getting" and "filling" per cubic yard, in materials composed of chalk, solid limestone, sandstone, and granite?

13. Explain the processes of "wedging" and cutting with a "plug and feather" in quarry-work, mentioning the usual depth and distances apart of the holes in each case, and the particular circumstances which render it desirable to use the one method or the other.

14. What is the weight usually adopted for a cubic foot of fresh water, and also of salt water? and how many gallons are there in a cubic foot? 15. Give the formula for the discharge of water through sluices and over weirs, with explanations.

16. Describe the process of gauging the quantity of water flowing down a river of considerable size, and also in the case of a stream of small dimensions.

EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE IN ENGINEERING.

MR. CRAWFORD.

1. Give examples of the pages of levelling and surveying field-books, with the particulars of an imaginary section and survey shown upon them.

2. In levelling, when a long sight in one direction, and not in the other, has to be taken, what correction has to be applied to the reading thus obtained, and how is it arrived at?

3. A railway curve of 10 chains radius has to be laid out on the ground, the angle of intersection of the tangents being 24°; give all the calculations necessary for the process.

4. In laying out a circular curve, if the deflection angle between the tangent and the chord be 30', for a chord of 100 feet in length, what will the radius be?

5. What are the different methods in use for taking out quantities of earthworks in railway cuttings and embankments? Give examples, showing the relation which exists between them.

6. In a table of earthwork quantities, base 30, slopes 1 to 1, at the intersection of the horizontal line from the figures 40 in the first vertical column, with the vertical line from 17 at top of page, there stand the figures 79.24; what do these figures represent ? and how are they arrived at ?

7. Give a cross-section, with dimensions figured on it, of a well-laid public road, showing how it is made—

(a) when metalled;

(b) when paved.

8. Give a sketch and description of the various kinds of masonry in use for bridge building, with the cost of each under ordinary circumstances; stating the assumed distance the stone has to be brought from the quarry to the works.

9. Give a sketch, with dimensions figured on it, of a culvert in brickwork, to be built under a railway embankment, for double line, 20 feet high from bed of stream to formation level; span of culvert to be 3 feet, with semicircular arch, side-walls 3 feet high, and an invert.

10. If the culvert described in question 9 had to be built of rubble masonry, what alterations would you make in the dimensions? Take out the quantities of brickwork and masonry in the two cases.

II. It is required to erect a skew bridge, in masonry, for a public road 35 feet wide, over a double line of railway, the angle of skew being 35°; give sketch of bridge, and explain how all the necessary lines are determined.

12. Compare the cost, at present prices, of the permanent way per mile of single line in the three following cases :

(a) for a first-class railway of ordinary gauge, with heavy rolling stock and high speed;

(b) for a second-class railway, with rolling stock moderately heavy, and speed not excessive;

(c) for a light line, with narrow (3′) gauge and corresponding rolling stock.

The rails to be of Bessemer steel, and the Vignoles pattern. Give quantities, and full particulars in each case.

13. In the case of dockwalls and masonry dams for impounding water, explain the nature of the thrusts to which they are in each case exposed, and show how you would determine the proper form to give them.

14. What quantity of water, in gallons per hour, will be discharged by a circular pipe of 3 feet inside diameter through the embankment of a reservoir, the surface of the water in which stands constant at a height of 16 feet above the centre of the pipe?

15. A rectangular sluice, measuring 4 feet horizontal by 3 feet vertical, has a pressure of 10 feet upon its centre; what quantity of water in cubic feet per minute will pass through it—

(a) when it is raised 12 inches?

(b) when opened to full extent ?

16. Give the limits between which the coefficient (m) in the formulæ for the flow of water through orifices and over weirs varies, and state its value for the principal cases which occur in ordinary practice.

17. A regularly-formed channel, 10 feet deep, with slopes I to 1, and a fall of 2 feet per mile, has to convey water through it at the rate of 500,000 cubic feet per minute; what width of base must it have?

18. A rectangular field, 10 chains long by 8 chains wide, level across its width, but falling I in 500 in the direction of its length, has to be drained, the soil being a heavy retentive clay; give a sketch plan, with measurements on it, of how you would lay out the drains, also cross sections of the principal and secondary drains, showing depth and sizes of pipes, with an estimate of the cost per acre of such drainage.

19. A wrought-iron girder of 40 feet span and 5 feet deep, with parallel flanges connected by diagonal bracing, consisting of two systems of right-angled triangles crossing each other, is supported at both ends, and sustains a permanent load of ton per foot of span, besides which it is subject to a maximum moving load of double that amount. Calculate the strains in the diagonals and the different bays of the flanges when the girder is fully loaded.

20. In designing a roof-truss, what is the usual assumption with regard to the load to be sustained? Give the details of how it is made up per square foot, the covering being of ordinary slates, and the framework of iron.

21. In the case of an ordinary king-post roof of timber, span 30 feet, pitch one-third of span, the covering material being heavy slates, calculate the weight of the roof, and draw a stress diagram showing the strains to which the various parts of the framework are subjected.

22. Distinguish between what constitutes good ordinary lime for general building purposes, and hydraulic lime; and describe the process of burning the stone and preparing the mortar in each case.

23. Describe the manufacture of Portland Cement, and state what are its constituent parts.

24. State what you know of the various processes in use for the preservation of the exposed surfaces of stone in buildings.

25. What is the difference between clamp and kiln-burned bricks ? Describe the process in each case, and the effect produced upon the bricks.

26. In the case of a detached house, 3 stories high, to be built of brick, how would you apportion the thickness of the walls?

27. In house-building, what are the causes of damp walls? and how are these to be guarded against?

28. State all the precautions to be taken in the sanitary arrangements of a house as regards

(a) soil-pipes;

(b) water-supply;.
(c) ventilation.

29. Describe the qualities of good sewer-pipes, and of what materials are the best kinds of them made?

30. Compare the dimensions of the various parts of a passenger and of a goods engine to work a large traffic on a first-class railway with easy gradients. Give all the details you can of the engines.

GENERAL AND APPLIED GEOLOGY.

PROFESSOR SOLLAS.

1. State the conditions which must co-exist for the occurrence of a large rainfall. Illustrate by reference to the rainfall in different parts of the British Isles.

2. Explain how you would proceed if you were required to estimate the volume of water constantly obtainable from a given water-bearing

stratum.

3. Define a fault; and explain with the aid of diagrams the effects of different kinds of faults on the outcrop of strata.

4. Classify the following rocks with respect to the nature of their matrix and their mineral constitution:-felsite, basalt, gabbro, trachyte, diorite, and granite. State which are best suited for road-metal, and explain why.

5. Describe the structure of a fissure vein. Explain the formation of the fissure, and show how your explanation accounts for some parts of the vein being 'richer' than others.

6. Describe the various methods in use for stopeing a 'course' of mineral ore.

7. State the mineral characters of the ores of zinc and tin.

8. Compare the carboniferous series of the South Staffordshire, Derbyshire, and Lancashire coal-fields; and explain their differences.

9. Describe the chief modifications now in use of the 'pillar and stall' method of working coal.

10. Name the British formations in which slate rocks occur; and give an account of the phenomena of slaty cleavage.

II. Assign the following fossils to their respective horizons:-Lima gigantea, Asaphus tyrannus, Encrinus liliformis, Spirifer attenuatus, Terebratula digona, Micraster coranguinum, and Productus pustulosus.

EXAMINATION FOR DEGREE OF BACHELOR IN

MUSIC.

SIR R. P. STEWART.

1. What is the difference between musical sound and noise?

2. To what is the difference in tone quality, such as that between flute and clarinet, to be attributed?

3. Give examples of tritone, augmented fourth, diminished fifth, diatonic major ninth, chromatic minor ninth, and diminished sixth.

4. What are the meanings of the following Syncopation :-half-close, false relation, and suspension?

Being given the above subject for fugal treatment, find the proper

(a) Add S. T. B., first species, to the above.

(b) Placing it in the bass, add S. A. T. to it.

(c) Treat it in two parts only, according to the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th species.