3. What are the crucial experiments between the two theories of light?

4. How do you explain the colours of thin plates ?-and how account for the loss of the half-wave length?

5. Give all the methods you know of obtaining plane, circularly, and elliptically polarized light.

6. What experiment was given by Professor Stokes to determine the direction of the vibration in plane polarized light?

7. How do you determine-(a) the axes, (b) the relative intensities, of the components of an elliptically polarized ray?

What is the easiest way of determining whether a given ray be ordinary light, or plane, circularly, or elliptically polarized light?

8. Give an account of combinational tones; describe the syren used in experimenting on them.

9. What are the methods of obtaining the velocity of sounds in gases ?

10. What was Helmholtz' method of analysing sounds? What is his theory of vowel sounds?

CHEMISTRY.

DR. E. REYNOLDS.

I. Find the weight of chlorine gas required to decompose one liter of sulphuretted hydrogen gas measured at 12° C. and 756 mm.

2. Find the volume of chlorine gas (at 0° C. and 760 mm.) required for the oxidation of 10 grams of H2SO3.

5. By what means can sodium chloride be directly converted into a sodium carbonate?

6. Explain the action of AsH3 and SbH3 on silver nitrate solutions. 7. How is an alum" produced from " clay." Explain the constitution of alums.

8. How is common "bichromate of potassium" produced from chromeiron ore? Explain the constitution of the salt.

4. State the "law of isomorphism," and give any illustrations you can of its application to the determination of the class relations of elements.

3. Given 10 grams of KOH in concentrated and hot solution, calculate the weight of KCIO, it will afford when treated with excess of chlorine.

9. By what means can the oxide Bi203 be-(a) reduced to the state of bismuthous oxide, and (b) converted into pentoxide?

10. Explain the constitution of cuprous chloride, and state how you would produce it from cupric oxide.

Natural Science.

ZOOLOGY.

PROFESSOR MACKINTOSH.

1. Describe the arrangement of the Gills in the Elasmobranchii.

2. Describe the mechanism of the Heart in the Frog.

3. Contrast the arrangement of the skeletal elements in the Fin of Ceratodus and Chimera.

4. Name the Electric fishes, and describe the structure of the electric organ in any one of them.

5. Contrast the Hyoid apparatus of the young Tadpole with that of the Frog.

6. Describe the Swimming bladder in the Herring.

7. Describe the Respiratory organs in Menobranchus.

8. How are the feathers arranged in the Wing of a Bird?

9. What are the principal structural peculiarities in the Skull of the Chamæleon?

10. What are the distinctive features in the Skull of the Frog?

BOTANY.

DR. E. PERCEVAL WRIGHT.

1. State what is known as to the formation of chlorophyll granules.

2. Give a sketch of what is known of Karijokinesis.

3. What is plasmolysis?

4. Describe some of the chief forms of spore development in Florideæ.

5. Describe the spores and their position in Agaricus.

6. Describe the prothallus in Equisetum.

7. Write out a diagnosis of the N. O. Geraniaceæ.

SENIOR SOPHISTERS-MODERN HISTORY, ETC.

8. Account for the position of the stamens in Solanum.

9. Describe the male and female organs in Chara.

115

10. Describe the inflorescence, flower, and fruit, in Atropa belladonna.

Modern History and Political Science.

HISTORY.

DR. INGRAM.

A.

1. Give an outline of the history of the Emperors of Nice from the Latin Conquest to the recovery of Constantinople.

2. Collect into a brief biography the several notices of Charles of Anjou which you have found in Gibbon.

3. Write notes on the respective origins and the historical relations of the Seljukians, the Moguls, and the Ottomans.

4. What were the circumstances of the final extinction of the families of Comnenus and Palaeologus ?

5. Give an account of the revival of Greek learning in the West, mentioning the several persons who, as scholars or as patrons, most powerfully contributed to it.

6. Enumerate the popes who resided at Avignon, adding notices of any remarkable facts relating to them.

7. Write a short essay on Petrarch as a patriot and national reformer. 8. Relate the story of Stephen Porcaro.

9. Describe the several ways in which ecclesiastical jurisdiction originated and grew, and the principal measures adopted to restrict it.

10. Give a general view of the government of the Church by Innocent III.

B.

I. What was the first false step taken by the leaders of the fourth Crusade ?

2. We are fortunate in the authorities we possess for the history of the Latin conquest of Constantinople?

3. How was Boniface compensated for the loss of the imperial throne? 4. What feat of Bulgarian warfare does Gibbon compare with the retreat of the Ten Thousand?

116

HONOR EXAMINATION PAPERS-TRINITY TERM.

5. There is one effect which it is strange that the Latin empire did not produce on the West?

6. "The bloody battle of Benevento."

What was this battle?

7. "Andronicus sought in marriage Jane, the sister of the Count of Savoy, and his suit was preferred to that of the French King." By what name is this Empress known in history? Who was the French King?

8. Who was Marco Polo, and when did he live?

9. What was the battle of Lignitz? Give its date.

10. How do we hear of Sir John Hawkwood in Gibbon's history? II. Who were the French and English kings who received Manuel, when seeking aid from the West?

12. What account have we of the countries of Western Europe from a Greek of the fifteenth century? What singular statement does he make concerning England?

13. Who was Matthias Corvinus?

14. Who had been the theological teacher of Arnold of Brescia? Why does Gibbon call Arnold the "precursor of Zuinglius"?

15. What was "the most glorious circumstance of Rienzi's reign"? 16. To what does the phrase, now often met, of "going to Canossa refer?

17. What was the first example of the deposition of a sovereign by ecclesiastical authority?

18. What was properly the Roman patriarchate?

19. What was the Council in Trullo, and for what was it remarkable? 20. The Council of Frankfort marks an epoch in the history of the papacy?

MR. BARLOW.

A.

1. What instances are given by Hallam of the extraordinary pretensions of the hierarchy in the ninth century?

2. Some writers appear to date the papal supremacy from the time of Boniface III. For what reason? Hallam does not attach much importance to the fact?

3. What account does he give of the papacy of Innocent III.?

4. Give the history of the Council of Constance.

5. Who was Count Kaunitz?

6. What was the Family Compact, 1761? There were ones." What were these?

66

two former

7. Give some account of the reign of Peter III. of Russia.

8. Who was Count Struensee?

9. What events led to the Convention of Reichenbach (1790)? 10. What was the Armed Neutrality, and how was it originated ?

B.

1. What was "the Imperial army of Execution"?

2. Date and result of the battle of Kolin ?

3.

"Contades confessed he had not thought it possible that a single line of infantry should have overthrown three lines of cavalry in order of battle." What event does this refer to ?

4. Who was Farinelli ?

5. Date of the earthquake of Lisbon ?

6. Who was the duke of Aveiro ?

7. Who was Prince Repnin ?

8. Who was Gabriel Malagrida ?

9. Who was the marquis Squillaci ?

10. What was the "Société Malisset"?

II. What was the Assembly of Notables (1787)?

12. What were the "False Decretals"?

13. What, according to Hallam, is the first attempt in modern times at a limitation of gifts in mortmain?

14. What was the Magna Charta of the Gallican Church?

15. Hallam says that Boniface VIII. "wanted the most essential quality for an ambitious pope." What is this?

ECONOMICS.

MR. BASTABLE.

1. Indicate the various stages through which industrial organization has passed.

2. Write a note on the economic aspects of slavery.

3. Write a short essay on Profit with special reference to

(a) Its source;

(b) Its elements;

(c) The causes which determine its amount;

(d) Its supposed tendency to equality in different employments; (e) Its supposed tendency to a minimum.