your brother sent, and which Mr. Kynaston wants to be pointed out to him, were, pebble lead ore, figured lead ore, green lead ore, a kind of radiated spar, a mineral called blinds, the pitch-stone, and Pitchford well pitch.

"Now I am upon the subject of the pitch-stone, and Pitchford well Petroleum, pray, Sir, the first time you write to your brother, after paying him my respects, make the following queries from me, viz. Is the Petroleum or pitch he sent me in the gallypot, naturally found floating on the Pitchford well in hot weather? or is it only an artificial extract made from the pitch-stone? and, if from the said extract, Bettan's British oil is not again extracted? As on these queries there depends a great point of natural history, I beg he would answer them clearly and fully.

"About the Jewish Soldiers I can learn nothing further from our Jewish Authors; but as I was dipping into the Scripture History of the Jews and their Republic, by James Home, Esq. Advocate, London, 1737,' 2 vols. 8vo, in vol. 2, p. 306, I met with the following paragraph; which, as I think gives a clear account, and as I accompany it with my plaudite, I shall here transcribe it, viz. It does not appear that, before the reign of Saul, there were any regular troops in pay kept up in Canaan. The whole nation consisted of fighting men, ready to march against the enemy, as soon as the necessity of their affairs required it. They were like the Trained Bands or Militia of some countries, ever ready to assemble upon the first order; so that when a war was resolved upon, all the people that were capable of bearing arms, immediately upon the first call, gathered together in their respective Tribes, and according to the exigency of the case, or the importance or necessity of the enterprize, greater or lesser drafts were made, in order to form the main body of the army.' I remain, with all esteem, dear Sir, your very obliged humble servant,

E. M. DA COSTA.

"P. S. I forgot to inform you I have written to Italy for the Medallion you desired, in this manner :-A Medallion of Pope Julius III. his head, with D. JULIUS III REIPUBLICÆ CHRISTIANÆ REX AC PATER. Reverse, ANGLIA RESURGIS UT NUNC NOVISSIMO DIE, and was struck on the accession of Popish Mary to the Crown of England. In any metal, but it is more desirable in copper or silver."

Dr. DUCAREL to Mr. DA COSTA.

"SIR, Doctors' Commons, Aug. 24, 1752. "I returned from France last Sunday se'night, and had the pleasure of seeing Mons. de Buffon at Paris, at whose house your name was mentioned, and some other handsome things said which I should be glad to communicate to you by word of mouth, and therefore desire you would do me the pleasure to call when you come this way, and are at leisure. I am, you know, always at home, and glad to see you. The sooner you call the better. I like a morning better than an afternoon. When you do me

the

the pleasure to call, I hope you will not forget to bring with you the present of Fossils you promised me when I went abroad. "I am, Sir, your most humble servant, AND. DUCAREL."

To Dr. DUCarel.

"DEAR SIR, Mincing Lane, Fenchurch Street, March 5, 1761. "The following on Printing, I have extracted for your use, and hope it will be agreeable to you; viz.

'J. D. Schoepflini Consil. Reg. ac Franciæ Historiogr. Vindicia Typographica Argentorat. 1760,' in 4to.

L'Art de la Xylographie, qui consiste à imprimer des Livres avec des planches de bois gravées, est né à Harlem.'

'La Typographie, qui consiste à imprimer avec des Caractères Mobiles de bois, à Strasbourg.

'La Perfection de l'Imprimerie par des Caractères de fonte, à Mayence, que Laurent Coster imagina le premier, Jean Guttemberg gentilhomme de Mayence le second, & Jean Schoffer 'le troisieme.'

'Le Célébre Professeur prouve ce qu'il avance par rapport à cette Ville et à Guttemberg, par les termes d'un Manuscrit de 1439, où se trouve le detail d'un procès que Guttemberg eut cette Année avec les heritiers d'un de ses Associés, ainsi que la deposition des temoins, & la sentence des magistrats.' "Extracted from the 'Bibliotheque des Sciences pour Janvier, Fevrier, &c. 1760,' vol. XIII. p. 241. From, dear Sir, "Your greatly obliged and humble servant,

To Mr. DA COSTA.

"E. M. DA COSTA."

Doctors Commons, March 9, 1761. "Dr. Ducarel's compliments to Mr. Da Costa. Is infinitely obliged to him for his letter of the 5th Instant, and his abstract of Mr. Professor Schoepflin's' Account of Printing.' The Doctor cannot write himself, having a return of the inflammation in his eyes, since last night; but takes the liberty of sending him herewith the copy of Mr. Meerman's Letter*. The Doctor has several times attempted to translate it into English, but in vain; he therefore begs the favour of Mr. Da Costa to get it translated by some proper person, in order to lay it before the Society of Antiquaries; and will, with great pleasure, pay the charges attending such translation."`

"Doctors Commons, Wednesday morning, April 1, 1761. "Dr. Ducarel begs the favour of Mr. Da Costa, if Mr. Meerman's Letter* is translated, to send it to the Doctor's house to-morrow morning, as the Doctor intends to read it before the Society of Antiquaries to-morrow evening."

* This Letter was communicated by Dr. Ducarel to Mr. Nichols; and is inserted in the Appendix of his Treatise on the Origin of Printing. Το

VOL. IV.

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To the Rev. Dr. JOHN DENNE*, Archdeacon of ROCHESTER.

"SIR, July 6, 1754. "I hope you will excuse the liberty I take of troubling you with this, when I acquaint you that it relates to the Cathedral of Rochester, towards the History and Antiquities of which, I am told, you have made large Collections. We have very few MSS. in the Library of Doctors Commons; but in one (which is a Collection of various matters, mostly relating to the Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts, Prohibitions, &c.), I met with The Patronages of all the Benefices within the Diocese of Rochester,' a sample of which I have herewith sent you.-This MS. is neatly written about the time of King James, or Charles the First; but by whom these Collections were made I have not been able to discover; nor is it mentioned whence it was taken. As soon as I saw it, I immediately thought it might be of some service to you; and in case it is not taken from your Registers, or if you think it will be of any service to you, I will with great pleasure copy it, and take the liberty to convey it to you; who have the honour to subscribe myself, &c. AND. DUCAREL."

To Dr. DUCAREL.

"GOOD SIR, Rochester, Aug. 29, 1754. "According to the forms, ceremonies, and punctilios of modern and fashionable correspondences (wherein the more you know of me, the more faulty or free you will find me), I ought, almost by the return of the post, to have made my acknowledgments at least for the favour of a letter, dated the 6th of last month.

"The truth is, that though your information about a Manuscript in your Library at Doctors Commons relating to the Patronages of all the Benefices within the Diocese of Rochester was very kind; though your offer to transcribe it for me was more obliging; yet, as it could answer no view or purpose of mine, I was willing to hope that you would put a candid construction upon my silence; and excuse me, as an Antiquary, for not troubling you with compliments, or with letters upon a subject wherein I had nothing new or material to say or conjecture, nothing more indeed than to observe upon your Manuscript, from the specimen you send of it, that it could be of no service to me, as having large and correct accounts of Presentations and Patronages, which go up, almost regularly, as high as the Conquest; from whence, give me leave to inform you, that it must have been written within the years 1559 and 1605; for in that compass of time the right of the Lords Cobham to the patronage of Halstow both began and ended.

"This would have been my answer to your letter; but I was willing to defer it till I could say somewhat for myself in the promise I had made you of contributing the best notices I have, among my Antiquarian Collections, in regard to the Chancellors

*Of this very excellent and learned Divine, see the "Literary Anecdotes," vol. VII. pp. 107. 550.

of

of this Diocese. What I have met with in my present searches, I have transcribed into the papers I inclose. Let me only observe to you by the way, that I find no mention of such Officers under our Bishops till 1327, or thereabouts. They seem at that time to be contemporary with Vicars-General, and to have both gone on with like regularity in the exercise of the separate jurisdiction they had by their different grants respectively. The first person in whom both these offices were united and exercised at one and the same time seems to have been Dr. Lewyn, about 1595. Since his death all Patents have been concurrent in the grant of both offices to the same persons, during life, with little or no variation of powers or restraints. Before this coalition indeed, it is pretty certain, in this Diocese at least, that all the branches of Ecclesiastical Power, which the Bishops did not exercise in person, nor had granted to their Archdeacons, whose jurisdiction and endowment began under Gundulphus, by a grant to Asketyll, or Anschetill, so early as the year 1089-before this coalition, I say, Bishops from time to time committed what power they chose not to exercise themselves, in such proportions as they thought most advisable, among Officers, who were called their Officials, Commissaries, Chancellors, and Vicars-General, during their own pleasure, but never beyond their own continuance in the See. Each Bishop, when he came into it, had for certain the sole and full appointment of his own Officers; and I believe the free removal of them, when or how he pleased.

"In antient times, I see reason and precedents to conclude that all delegated jurisdiction from our Bishops, in its several branches, was from time to time, and pro re nata, committed to, and exercised by, persons who were known by the general appellations only of their Officials. Of this kind we find some in our Registers as early as 1185; nay, Archdeacons had likewise their Officials, who may be pretty regularly traced up to the year 1254. Accordingly I have collected a List of them, almost as complete as that of Chancellors, Vicars-General, or Commissaries. Ever since Dr. Calverley's time, in 1565, the Archdeacon's Officials have been for the most part the very same persons as were Chancellors and Vicars-General to the Bishops, though the Episcopal and Archidiaconal Patents were always distinct. There has no Ecclesiastical authority been exercised throughout the whole Diocese but by them, though care was always taken to preserve the Court's Jurisdiction and Rights of the Archdeacons, quite separate from any claims that could be made by the Bishops, Chancellors, or Vicars-General, from an unity of possession in their respective offices. However, to secure this point, and to shew the regard I have for your profession in the Civil and Canon Law, as settled wisely by Dr. Henry Harvey (soon after the Reformation) in your College of Doctors Commons ;-for these reasons I did not join with the Bishop in appointing his Chancellor Dr. Lewyn for my Official, upon the death of Dr. Henchman.. My Patent then waited the acceptance of Dr. George Lee, since Dean

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Dean of the Arches, and Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury; upon whose resignation I gave it to Dr. Sympson, who is now Chancellor of London, and my Official; persons who do honour to their own profession, as well as credit to my judgment.

"But it is, Sir, high time to conclude so long a letter, with little perhaps in it to your main design and purpose; but, should it in any wise answer them, my Antiquarian Collections, both from printed books and manuscripts, shall, upon notice, be at your service, in what concerns Ecclesiastical Officers of any kind or denomiation within the Diocese of Rochester. Allow me only time for connecting and transcribing the materials I have already put into method and order. I am, in these studies; good Sir, your fellow-labourer, and faithful friend and servant, J. DENNE."

"SIR,

To the Rev. Dr. DENNE.

May 28, 1755. "I had the honour of receiving your most obliging letter on Monday afternoon; in answer to which, I beg leave to assure you, that it will always give me great pleasure to think it is in my power to do any service to yourself or any of your friends.

"As the clandestine Marriage mentioned in the Case you was pleased to send me is a matter of great moment, wherein the Publick is concerned, I immediately carried it to the worthy Chancellor of London*, and from his house went directly with it to Mr. Sharpe's Chambers at Lincoln's Inn, where I found his assistant Mr. Francis, with whom I staid about an hour. This gentleman informed me that Mr. Sharpe had orders to prosecute Wilkinson at the expence of the Crown; that three indictments were already found against him; that he had obtained a Warrant from the Lord Chief Justice to take him up; but that Wilkinson could not be found, having absconded for some time; that they were in hopes of securing him very soon, because no pains or expence will be spared on this occasion; that in order, if possible, to discover where he is, both men and women had been employed, but hitherto without success. This gentleman further acquainted me with his having a Deputy who officiated in his absence at the Chapel of the Savoy; and that a prosecution would be shortly commenced against the said Deputy as soon as his name could be discovered. He also told me, that no longer ago than last Sunday, banns were published by Wilkinson's Clerk (not by his Deputy) for 46 couples, in the Savoy Chapel, during the time of Divine Service; and on my expressing my surprize at the great number, he told me that I might depend upon the truth of it, as he had it from some of his own people, whom he sent on purpose to discover Wilkinson. He farther told me, that, as there were already three indictments against Wilkinson, he thought it would be proper for the present to keep your Case, which was a very strong one, in reserve; and desired I would leave with him the Case, and your Letter, which I accordingly did. I therefore, Sir, Keeper of the Seals to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's. do