into the Thames from the water by the Isle of Greane, and that into the Ocean from Reculver, and the Isle of Tenet, or the Richborough Port.

"I have at length seen Dr. Pack's Chart, and compared this draught of mine with it. I hope you will do the same, and be satisfied that my draught is a perfect representation of the Richborough Port before the water left it. But I do not impose on you; pray judge for yourself, or compare it with the original or port itself as it now appears.

"I have put up with this the little view of the South part of Tenet, as I took it msyelf at Sandwich ferry. You will please to make what use of it you think fit; but when you have served yourself of the plates, I hope you will return them to me if you hear I am alive, which you may do by one of our hoys, which go to Bear-key every week from hence, and come away Wednesdays or Thursdays. I heartily wish you good success; and am "Yours to serve you

"DEAR SIR,

J. LEWIS."

Oct. 24, 1743.

"It is so long since I was favoured with your last, that I doubt you begin to suspect I have forgot to answer it, but indeed I could not do it sooner, for whilst I was at Pluckly I had no opportunity of informing myself of any of those matters you wrote to me about; neither could I at Canterbury, either of Mr. Gostling, or any one else that I spoke to about it. This very afternoon I have a letter from Mr. Cobb, the Curate of Lydd, a sensible man, and of a good character. He sends me word in answer to my letter, that as to the tomb of St. Crispin and Crispinian, when he first came to Lydd he enquired of several of the inhabitants, and has now again repeated his enquiry, but that no one there knows of any such thing, and that there is no tradition of any such thing now subsisting among them; and that if there ever was any such Tumulus thereabouts, he imagines it must have been near the sea, and has been washed away by the overflowing of the tides.

"As to your second query, he says, there does not seem to be any ground near Stone-end so high above the sea, as to make it reasonable to suppose it was never under water.

"I do not imagine from those I have conversed with that Dr. Pack's Map is much esteemed; but the Doctor by his imprudence has disobliged many persons hereabouts, which may perhaps have prejudiced them against it. Be that as it will, I have met with no one that thinks it answers the end the Doctor proposed from it.

"I have somewhere mislaid your letter, and cannot remember two letters you wrote to me about any thing else, but if you did it was probably about something I could not inform you, because otherwise I should hardly have forgot it. I have added Sir Roger Twisden to your subscribers, and no one else. I am, dear Sir, "Your affectionate friend and servant, J. HEAD."

"DEAR

"DEAR SIR,

[1744.] "I have made what enquiries I can, in order to answer your last; and for your prospect of the castle itself have had Mr. Maxted with me to look on Mr. Fourdrinier's print.

"He tells me he abated a great deal of the ivy, because in drawing another ruin he was blamed for putting in so much as obscured the thing itself. However, he has with his pen shown where it is most abundant; he has also made the bushes more apparent about the foundations in the middle of the castle, which are indeed in the form of a cross, but composed of rough flints, and not so like a flat pavement as in the plate. The wall in the front he says he drew more ruinous (as indeed it is) than it is in the print, and showed me in his first sketch that he had drawn it so. I don't know Dr. Stukeley's print that you mention, with a compass in it; but, if he makes Deal East of Richborough, he is widely mistaken. By Labelye's compass it is between S. E. E. and S. S. E. (by his true N° line it is nearer S. E.) and thereabouts Dr. Packe places it. So do you too, if you consider it; (for as yours is the West view of the ruin, the line you have drawn from thence to Deal must be as near S. E. as it is to a true diagonal), and I suppose Mr. Labelye is right, for the Ramsgate seamen, who are esteemed some of the best in England, look upon their Pier as due North of the Overfalls, and to set that bearing is a common amusement with them, as one of them very lately assured me. I believe you may rectify the placing of Ash and Wodensborough churches by him too, as they are both sea-marks. Your trespassing a little in regard to Pegwell Bay is quite right, and so is your taking notice of the place of Sandwich. I have ventured to mark Stonar in your map, as it must lie in respect of the Sandwich you have made there.

St. Margaret's church at Cliff does appear like a castle, having a low flat steeple, if any. The church to the right of Deal is Upper Deal church, and the windmill near St. Lawrence belongs to that place; Minster mill not coming into the prospect, no more does Dover castle.

"I don't wonder at your disliking the view of the French Cliffs, for I put them in myself; but, though I could not do that like an artist, I have given them their proper place, for from the corner A they are exactly over Deal. And as to their seeming to stand in the sea, they must do so, for the same reason as the sun seems to rise out of it. However, if you do not think it proper to put them into the prospect, they are easily left out; and if you do, the engraver keeping them back enough, and your calling them Gallici Littoris opposite Rupes, will sufficiently distinguish them from the South Foreland. I thought the steeple of St. Laurence's church had stood at the West end, and you will see it is altered so; but a servant of mine who comes from thence tells me I was mistaken: it is a tower, not a spire.

"The

"The adjusting the coast about Ebbes Fleet is quite out of my way. I excepted indeed against placing it North of Abbot's Wall, and the reason is plain in your map, which makes the course of the river from Sarre to Ebbes. Fleet pretty near a straight line, till it takes that turn to Richborough and Sandwich, and even then it turns back, so that the mouth is almost in that line continued. Now the wall was to the island side (the North side) of the river, and the remains of it are still to be traced parallel (in great measure) to the river, at 50 or 100 yards (more or less) through the low lands both.... J. HEAD."

[A part of this letter is lost, but Mr. Battely has thus wrote on the back of Mr. Foudrinier's Map. "The Maps agree in the horizontal distance between Ramsgate and St. Margaret's Bay and Light Houses, but they differ as to the situation of Sandwich and all the Coast of East Kent, with respect to the Isle of Thanet. Supposing, therefore, their compasses to be nearly right, one places Sandwich, Deal, Kingsdown, the South Foreland, and Light House, some more West than the others. But supposing Ramsgate and the South Foreland in each to coincide, then there is a great difference in the representation of the whole coast, when examined by a line drawn from Ramsgate to the South Foreland; and also with respect to the North Foreland and the whole coast of Kent."]

"REVEREND SIR,

Cambridge, Dec. 18, 1744.

"If this finds you in town, you may have the draught of the Abbey Church [Bury] at Mr. Shere's, where the carrier will leave it before this comes to your hands. I have procured it to be drawn from my original draught, of a size agreeable to your book. There is a scale of feet made to it, and if you think it necessary I will give you references upon a rough draught, which may be inserted. The whole length of the church, including the little chapel, is 513 feet. The length of the front with the towers 247. The length of the cross 223. The cross you see consisted of one principal isle or nave equal to the nave of the church, and one side isle eastward. On the North of the church was a cloister, extending from the cross to the chapel (which is terminated with a semi-circle), between the North isle of the church and the North-west octagonal tower. This tower is not standing, but the curvature of the walls beyond the chapel last-mentioned, and part of the cage of the stair-case shew that there was one. The other tower is still complete (except its case of Bernase stone) for about five and twenty feet high. The front between the towers, stript of its case, stands 40 or 50 feet high.

"There are two Registers among Bishop Moore's books with Mr. Cradock's name in the first page of each. One is called 'The Register of Allowances of Liberties within the Precincts of the Abbey.' The other is a Register Alphabet, though not so called in the first page, or on the outside. The first of these is, I believe, Registrum Rubeum contextum tempore R. Hen. IV. de

de Privilegiis, Libertatibus, Conventionibus, &c. Abbatiæ de Bury;' mentioned in Bishop Tanner.

"The Abbey Gate, the West front I mean, has been often drawn by Mrs. Gibbon of Bury; one of her draughts perhaps you have, but that can not be accurate enough for an engraver to work after. Mr. Millicent engraved a plate of the gate after his own drawing about 19 or 20 years ago, but where to get one of them now I cannot tell, but will endeavour to procure one. Mr. Millicent's, I think, was better than Mr. Bues's.

"The East Front of the Gate will not make so good a figure as the West, as it has but one window, and is deficient in ornaments. I am very much ashamed that you have been so long without an answer; but I could not recover my draught of the church, and have a copy taken of it sooner.

"You asked about a third Gate. This I apprehend to be over against Lord Bristol's house; for abbot Anselm built a chapel, dedicated to St. Margaret, at the South gate of the great cemetery or church-yard; and there was another chapel dedicated to St. Margaret, in the church-yard appropriated to the Monastery.

"Page 337. It is said there were three churches within the bounds of the Abbey; the first of which is there called St. Margaret's, which by the dimensions appears to be the Abbey; but the Abbey was not dedicated to St. Margaret, but to our Saviour, the Blessed Virgin, and St. Edmund, and built long before Abbot Anselm.

"St. Mary's chapel in cryptis 100 feet long and 80 wide, must have been under the whole choir; and consequently the choir itself gone up to by steps, which makes the tradition more probable, that the candles on the high altar could be seen at the upper end of Church-gate street. St. Giles's chapel was under the nave of the church.

"Your Author mentions a chapel dedicated to St. Mary, on the North side, as William of Worcester does; and calls it 80 feet long and 42 broad. The foundations of this, on searching, may be found out, if it is not the same with one of those at the West end, called St. Faith's and St. Catharine's. The lodgings, refectory, and offices, were rebuilt about 1138, when Ordingus was Abbot. "St. James's tower was built by Hervey (whom your Author cannot fix the time of); but he lived under abbot Anselm, but it was finished in the time of abbot Sampson. The Chapel of St. Stephen, I should think, was within the bounds of the Abbey.

"I am, Sir, your most humble servant, JAMES BURROUGH."

[*** "I judged from William of Cirencester that the chapel at the West end on the North side had been called St. Mary's chapel; but on looking on my Appendix, pp. 153, 154, I perceive the chapels were called St. Faith's and St. Catharine's: but I see nothing from whence to determine whether the North or the South chapel was St. Faith's. OLIVER BATTELY."]

Letters

The following Letter (addressed to BROWNE WILLIS, Esq.) was occasioned by the Rumour of the See of LANDAFF being about to be translated to CARDIFF. March 17, 1717-18.

" SIR,

"As there has been a report spread in these parts of a projected design for the removal of the See of Landaff to Cardiff, on account of the ruinous condition of the Cathedral Church of Landaff; so I cannot but approve of and commend your intention of publishing a History of that Church. As you are, therefore, engaged in the undertaking, so you will, I hope, indulge me the liberty of imparting my thoughts, and refuting, as well as I am able, the chief and most plausible reasons handed about and argued in behalf of this translation, and shewing the needlessness as well as ill effect of such a precedent; of which in their order.

"The first of those reasons alledged is, 'the ancient order or Canon, made anno 1076, to remove Cathedral Sees from obscure villages to great and populous towns.'

"The second plea made use of is, the smallness of the income belonging to Landaff, and that it is not sufficient to maintain and support the Cathedral Church there in that decent repair, &c. as is requisite.'

"There are some other matters urged, viz. the benefit that would accrue to Cardiff and the Diocese in general; and that, as Landaff is destitute of proper accommodations and conveniences for receiving the Church Members, it is not reasonable to expect their residing at so forlorn a place, unprovided of common necessaries.'

"Now, Sir, as to the Canon above mentioned, it is reasonable that we look back to the time wherein it was made, viz. in the reign of William the Conqueror, and consider the occasion and necessity of the making it, by comparing it with the present circumstances we may see how far it is applicable to our purpose, and justifies the question in hand. You are well apprised of the histories of this age, how unsafe it was to have any congresses in open villages. And that only fortified towns or burghs then enjoyed the benefit and privileges of markets is obvious from Domesday book, the want of which was no doubt a great bar or hindrance to the Church Members resorting to, or exercising hospitality; and also an obstruction to the Clergy and Laity's coming in their solemn procession to the Mother Church of the Diocese, whither they were wont frequently to repair; perhaps in imitation of the Jews, who went up three times in the year to appear before the Lord at Jerusalem in the Temple. By arguing thus, I may possibly be looked upon as a favourer of superstition, which I would not have inferred; for it is well known in what reverence and veneration our Cathedrals were held before the Reformation, it being apparent in all our Registers of Wills proved in each respective Archdeaconry, that scarce any person, though of never VOL. IV.

I