ornaments of early Egyptian statuettes of royal personages, is statute and ordained, that in all times cumming, na as also on some idolets; upon Etruscan necklaces of pure maner of person be chosen Robert Hude,' nor 'Little gold; and on military standards and weapons of the Roman John,' Abbot of Unreason, Queenis of May,' nor otherperiod. Its revival in the dark ages is due to debased wise, nouther in Burgh nor to Landwart (ie., in the country) phallic influences, as certainly proved by the mode of its in onie time to cum." And this under very high penalty, portraiture in sculpture and upon medals and counters. A viz., in burghs, to the chusers of such characters, loss of leaden piece, found in the Seine, bears on one side a phallus freedom, and other punishment, "at the Queenis grace pur et simple, and on the other a plain Maltese cross; other will," and banishment from the realm to the " "aceptor of examples show the merging of the former into the lily flower. sik-like office." And in the country of the chusers a forTo King Cloris (A.D. 481-511) the first assumption of the feiture of £10 and imprisonment "during the Queenis grace fleur-de-lys is assigned by the early chroniclers, on this wise; pleasure. And gif onie women or uthers about summer, hardly pressed by his enemies, he made a solemn vow to hees singand (singing), throw Burrowes and uthers LandGod, which was answered by revelation to a holy anchorite, ward Tounes, the Women sal be taken, handled, and put that as the will of heaven, the king should substitute for the upon the Cuck-stules of every Burgh or Towne." In a three toads of his emblazonry, a similar number of the holy diary belonging to the Earl of Northumberland's family. emblems, lilies. Hence the crowning of the celebrated commencing early in the 16th century, is the following Oriflamme by the fleur-de-lys, and the acceptance of this note :-"Item. My Lorde usith ande accustomyth to gyf cognizance as the permanent badge of the royal house of yerely when his Lordshipe is home and hath an Abbot of France, which had hitherto acted in this respect as personal Miserewll in Cristynmas in his Lordschippis Hous uppon choice dictated. (Vide Notes and Queries, series xi., New-Yers-day in rewarde XXS. Perhaps the subp. 121.) joined copy of an appointment of a Lord of Misrule may serve as a supplement to the former article on this subject given by J. P. Earwaker, B.A., F.S.A., .., "Articles made and appoynted by the Right Woll Richard Evelyn, Esq., High Sheriffe and Deputie Leavetenaunt to the Kinges Matie for the Counties of Surrey and Sussex.

T. E. S.

Imprimis, I giue free leave to Owen Flood my Trum peter, gent, to be LoP of Misrule of all good Orders during the twelve dayes. And also I give free leave to the said Owen Flood to com'and all and every person or persons whatsoev", as well servants as others, to be at his com'and whensoevr he shall sound his Trumpett or Musick, and to do him good service as though I were present my selfe, at their perills.

His LOPP commands every person or persons whatsoev" to to appeare at the Hall at seaven of the Clocke in the morninge, to be at prayers and afterwards to be at his Lo commands upon paine of punishment, accordinge as his LoPP shall thinke fitt.

the

IRISH CANNIBALISM (Vol. iii. 46).-Strabo's statement will be found in the Geographica, Book iv. c. 5, s. 4 (Meineke's Ed. Lipsia, 1852, vol. i. 275), which, as likely to be readable by a greater number, I will give in Latin and French.-Sunt quidem aliæ circa Britanniam insulo parvo: et magna (insula) Ierne, versus Septentrionem juxta illam porrecta, longa magis quam lata ; de quâ nihil certi habemus quod dicamus, nisi quod agrestiores Britannis sunt ejus incolæ, quod et carnibus humanis vescuntur, et valde sunt voraces; et patres mortuos comedere honestum ducunt, ac palam concubare non cum aliis solum mulieribus, sed etiam cum matribus et sororibus. Sed hæc ita referimus ut testi- | bus fide dignis destituti. Carnibus tamen humanis vesci Scythicum quoque esse dicitur; et in necessitatibus obsidionum, Kelti (Galli) Hispani aliique plures idem fecisse feruntur.-Autour de Bretagne il y a d'autres petites îles et celle d'lêrne, au nord, près de la première, d'une étendue considerable, plus longue que large; sur laquelle nous If any person shall sware any oath within the precincts of n'avons rien de certain à raconter, si ce n'est que ses shall suffer punishment at his LOPPS pleasure. habitans sont encore plus sauvages que ceux de l'île de Bre- If any man shall come into the Hall, and sett at dinner or tagne: ils sont anthropophages, et très voraces; et regar-supper more than once he shall endure punishment at his dent comme très louable l'usage de manger les cadavres Lopps pleasure. de leurs pères, et d'avoir publiquement commerce avec les femmes, sans en excepter leurs mères et leurs sœurs. Mais nous n'avons pas des temoins fidèles de tout cela que nous avons rapporté; quoique l'usage de manger de la chaire humaine existe aussi cher les Scythes; et qu'on rapporté d'ailleurs que les Gaulois, les Ibères, et bien d'autres peuples en ont mange dans les fâcheuses extremités des siéges. Thus, Strabo introduces the statement by saying that he had nothing certain to tell about Ireland, and adds again that he had no trustworthy witnesses for the truth of the story. Diodorus Siculus (v. 32) also speaks of the cannibalism; but Ptolemy and later writers, who were much better informed than Strabo or Diodorus, say, I believe, nothing about it. The same thing, adds Strabo, has been reported of the Scythians; and also of Gauls, Spaniards, and many others, when pressed by the dire straits of a siege. Instances of the latter will be found in Thucydides II. 70; Cæsar, B. g. vii. 77, 78; Val. Max. vii. 6, &c.

F. J. LEACHMAN.

If any man shal bee drunke, or drinke more than is fitt, or offer to sleepe during the time abovesaid, or do not drinke up his bowle of beere, but flings away his snuffe (that after say), the second draught, he shall drinke two, and is towards be excluded.

If any man shall quarrell, or give any ill language to any person duringe the abovesaid twelve dayes whin the gates or precincts thereof, he is in danger of his LoPPS displeasure.

If any person shall come in to the kitchen whiles meate is a dressinge, to moleste the cookes, he shall suffer the rigor of his Lopps law.

If any man shall kisse any maide, widdow, or wife, except to bid welcome or farewell, wthout his LoPPs consent, he shall have punishment as his LoPP shall think convenient.

The last article: I give full power and authoritie to his LoPP to breake up all lockes, bolts, barres, doores, and latches, and to flinge up all doores out of hendges to come at those whoe presume to disobey his LoPPs commannds. God save the Kinge." THE ABBOT OF MISRULE (Vol. iii. p. 53 ante) was pro- In the diary of John Evelyn, son of Richard beforebably the same respectable personage known after the Reformentioned, it appears that his father kept his shrievalty of mation-when the term Abbot had acquired an ill sound- Surrey and Sussex in 1634 in a most splendid manner. by the title of Lord of Misrule, who presided over Christmas Wotton is an account of his particular charge attending it, revels, promoting mirth and jollity at that festive season. amounting to no less that S02/. 75. 8d., besides his extraThe Scottish Abbot of Un-reason is taken as meaning no other ordinary entertainment given at his house at Christmas. In than the English Abbot or Lord of Misrule. In the report of the sixth Parliament of Queen Mary of Scotland (1555), an item is recorded respecting this (unreasonable) abbot. "It

* Antiquarian Repertory, Vol, IV.

At

6. Dictionaire de la Noblesse, par M. de la Chenage Desbois (Paris, 1775). In volume ix. pp. 410-414, I find a full account of the Comte de Roussillon, from A.D. 1480 down which was read, it appeared that negotiations had taken to the date of publication, but it does not mention a "Duke-place with the advisers of the Duke of Northumberland on dom." The Comte was at that time in possession of the family of Malarney.

commend the Board to pay a sum not exceeding 500,0007., for the whole of his interest in the property, and also to pay the professional charges of his solicitors and surveyors. Your committee have had before them a letter from Messrs. Bell and Steward, the solicitors of the Duke, intimating his willingness to accept the sum of 500,000l., subject to a contract for carrying the arrangement into effect. The draught contract, which has been since received from Messrs. Bell & Co, deals with conditions as to title and time of completion, and many details which are not yet arranged sufficiently to report upon, and will have to be further considered by the Duke's advisers and the solicitor of the Board. Looking, however, to the near approach of the Parliamentary Session, your committee think it right not to delay making this report to the Board, and they beg to recommend that the Board do confirm the negotiations so far as they have proceeded, and that it be referred back to the committee to consider all further matters of the contract and arrangements, with authority to carry out all such resolutions as they may come to, and to complete the contract." In the course of the remarks which followed the reading of the report, it transpired that, in addition to the property of the Duke, there was a smaller one of the value of 25,000/., which it would be necessary to take, so that the total cost of this improvement would be 525,000l., and the estimated recoupment to the Board would be 275,000/., thus reducing the net cost of the work to a quarter of a million sterling. The motion was eventually put, and unanimously agreed to.

TOMB OF KING JOHN.-This famous monument, in Worcester Cathedral, has lately been repaired. The tomb itself has been scraped, and it is intended to recrown the effigy of the king. Traces of paintings on the outside of the tomb had been found, but no attempt has been made to restore them. This tomb was formerly looked upon as a cenotaph; but in the latter end of the last century the dean and chapter determined on opening it, in order to settle the point, which was still disputed by some persons. On the 17th July, 1797, the tomb was opened, and the remains of the king were found deposited in it, but it was evident that they had been disturbed since their first interment. The body was laid in a stone coffin, with a cavity cut to fit the head. It measured 5ft. 6in. in length, and was covered with a robe reaching from the neck to the feet. Besides the above tomb, the mortuary chapel of Prince Arthur, elder brother of Henry VIII., has also been restored. Being considered as national monuments, a grant was made by the Government, and their "restoration" has been executed by Government officers.

THE OLDEST INHABITANT.-At Copley House, Highstreet, Margate, on Thursday, January 30, died Mrs. Frances Dodgson, in the 95th year of her age, having been born, according to the Thanet Guardian (of February 1), in October, 1778. She remembered seeing Dr. Samuel Johnson, and the preparations for his funeral, and she possessed a relic of the lexicographer, given by him to her father: a common tin snuff-box, resembling the boxes in WORCESTER CATHEDRAL.-The restoration of Wor- which boys used to carry their worms on fishing expeditions cester Cathedral, which has occupied many years, is now some thirty years ago, and perhaps do still. The deceased drawing near to a completion. The work has been carried lady, who seemed not long ago quite likely to live to confute out from the designs of Sir Gilbert Scott, Mr. E. A. Perkins, f the anti-centenarianists, retaining the use of her faculties, being of Worcester, acting as the local architect. The principal able to read and write without spectacles, chatty and cheerful recent work has been the completion of the choir flooring, almost to the last, was very weakly and delicate as a child, the erection of the grills behind the stalls, the erection of the and was, by medical advice, taken to Margate for the benefit screen between the choir and nave, the flooring of the nave, of sea bathing, which for some years she continued, as she and the lighting. The whole of the carved oak in the assured me, all the year through. She could remember choir are exquisite specimens of design and most artistically Margate when it was scarce one-eighth of its present size; executed; some of the human figures, although small, re- before the New Town and much of the old town were presenting the passions as powerfully as an oil painting. built; before the Pier, or Jarvis's Landing-place (the old The carvings on the stall ends are remarkable specimens of jetty) or the New Road (Marine Terrace) were formed; and workmanship. The grills behind the stalls of ornamental when, though comparatively small, Margate was, metal work are now in their places. The new floor to be described by Brayley, in 1808, "one of the most fashionable laid on concrete is of blue slate and white (Hopton Wood) and best frequented watering places in the kingdom;" stone of great hardness. The stones are cut square, and when the only means of getting there from London were will be laid in patterns. The Earl of Dudley has just the post-chaise, the stage-coach, or the Margate hoy. She offered to defray the cost of flooring the nave with white could also, of course, remember the exciting times of the and black marble, and the offer has been accepted by the first French revolution, the rise of the empire, and our war Restoration Committee. The cost of the marble flooring, with Napoleon; and she liked to talk about the great events it is stated, will be between 4000l. and 5000l. and persons of her earlier days. She was, however (and herein, probably, lay the secret of her longevity), by nature easy-tempered, quiet, unimpressionable, unexcitable, and self-contained, able to do without society, and for many years she lived very much alone, with only a servant in the house, and only occasionally visiting or being visited by a neighbour. |

FOSSIL QUADRUMANA.-Scientific men are interested just now by Professor Marsh's discovery of fossil quadrumana | in the eocene deposits of the Rocky Mountains, thus carrying animal life back to a very remote geological epoch. This discovery reminds me of a story current in clerical circles. Professor Huxley had been delivering a lecture at Sion House, and had pointed out that certain geological phenomena, which he explained, involved the existence of the earth for many hundreds of thousands of years. Of course, the majority of his reverend hearers were quite willing to give the Professor any number of ciphers he wanted; but there was one divine who still believed that the world was made in six astronomical days of twenty-four hours each, and he being moved to speak, declared that the geological phenomena in question did not at all perplex him. He had not the smallest doubt that after the Creator had finished His work, the devil had deliberately, and with malice aforethought, introduced all these marks and relics of antiquity in order to deceive. He did not say how it was that the devil had been permitted to do this. That would have opened too large a theological question. It is satisfactory to know that the cleric who thus had the courage to avow his convictions received his reward.

Proceedings of Societies.

as

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.-At the meeting of this society, held on Monday last, Sir H. C. RAWLINSON, President, in the chair, a paper was read by Mr. C. R. Markham, "On Discoveries East of Spitzbergen and Approaches towards the North Pole on the Spitzbergen Meridians." The chief points of this paper were a review of the progress of discovery since the end of the 16th century in the Spitzbergen Archipelago, and a refutation of the hypothesis that there was any extent of unfrozen sea in the Polar area. The voyage of Barents, the gallant Dutch explorer, in 1596, was recapitulated, and the honour claimed for him of having been the discoverer of Spitzbergen; but it was argued, contrary to the opinion of some critics, that Barents did

islands he believed there was another extensive tract of land

not proceed up the eastern side of Spitzbergen, but up the say at what period the bronze period ended, or when that of western. Barents wintered in Nova Zembla, and various iron began. It was probable that the end of the one and utensils and books were two years ago recovered from his the commencement of the other overlapped each other, and winter quarters in that island, where they had lain undis- bronze might have remained in use within a century of the turbed for nearly 280 years, and purchased for the Nether-invasion of Caesar, and it doubtless extended back for lands Museum at the Hague. Hudson was the next to several centuries from that time. It was, however, obvious visit these islands, in 1607, and he was followed in the that while the manufacture of bronze was developed by succeeding years by a succession of whaling adventurers, contact from without, it was originally derived from the under the auspices of the Muscovy Company. The author invention of the inhabitants of the various countries where claimed the restoration of the old English names on modern it was used. The bronze period formed an important link maps. After a review of all that had been done down to between the stone and iron periods in the history of the the Swedish expeditions and those of English private manufacture of implements of various kinds. The lecture gentlemen - Birkbeck, Lamont, and Leigh Smith-in was illustrated by constant reference to the specimens recent years, the author concluded that no ship had ever exhibited in the room, and a vote of thanks to Mr. Evans yet passed round the eastern side of the Archipelago, terminated the proceedings. against which the ice pressed all through the summer, SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHEOLOGY.-At the meeting while the western and northern shores were free between of this Society held on Tuesday, February 4 (Dr. BIRCH, July and September. To the east and north-east of the F.R.S.L., president, in the chair), the following candidates or group of islands yet remaining to be visited. He quoted Alfred Burns, Esq.; Sir William W. Burton (of India); were duly elected members :-Rev. C. Bolden; William Scoresby and others to show there was no evidence of the Arthur Cates, Esq.; Rev. J. B. Coles; Hon. Mrs. Henry existence of land to the north of the islands, and he believed Gage; John Harward, Esq.; Count Gleichen; Joseph there was no open sea in the height of summer, but that Hassell, Esq., A.K.C.L.; Frederick Morley Hill, Esq.; the loosened ice pressed away southward, past Spitzbergen, Rev. J. Johnson; Rev. George Miller, M.A.; John W. even from the Pole itself, leaving only lanes and small Phené, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.S.B.A., F.G.S., &c.; Robert spaces of open water. On this account he maintained that Cooper Ready, Esq.; the Marquis de Rothwell, M.A. Two it was not a route to be recommended for a national ex-following papers were then read:-(1.) On the Coincidence of pedition making scientific investigations towards the Pole, the History of Ezra with the first part of the History of Nebut that Smith Sound, with its long lines of coast extending hemiah. By Rev. Daniel Haigh, M.A.-In this paper the northward, giving the safeguard of the land, was the best learned chronologist endeavoured to show that Xerxes route that could be chosen. The reading of Mr. Markham's paper led to a discussion in which Captain Sherard being the Ahasuerus of Esther, and his wife Amestris the Osborn, the Netherlands Minister, Admiral Collinson, Mr. famous Jewish queen, his son Artaxerxes was assumed at a Lamont, Captain Wells, R.N., and others joined. very early age into coregency with his father in Persia, following new Fellows were elected :-Dr. F. Hirth, Robert after the death of Xerxes, at which time, he being thirteen while in Babylon he did not date by his regnal years till E. Large, William J. Mantle, James M. Spence. years old, there would consequently arise that difference LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. of chronology between the records of the two kingdoms. -The monthly meeting of this society was held on Monday In the book of Ezra, the Babylonian era was adopted, last, at University College, Gower-street, J. ORDE HALL, whilst in that of Nehemiah the Persian computation is Esq., in the chair. Exhibitions of Samian ware and Roman used; upon synchronizing the passages contained in Ezra glass, found in Plough-court, Lombard street, by Mr. F. J. vii. 9-11, and vii. 15, 31, and ix. 1, with Nehemiah i. 1, ii. Hanbury; of an early gold and silver (mixed) needle, from 1, 3, 9, 18, and viii. 1, &c., it would appear, according to the excavations of St. Mildred's Church, Poultry, by Mr. J. Mr. Haigh, that Ezra started first for Jerusalem, and that E. Cussans; silver plate and a silver-gilt triptych and plated at Ahava Nehemiah joined him, about Ñisan, B.C. 458, and dishes (late 16th or early 17th century workmanship), by probably visited Jerusalem for the last time in B.C. 409. Mr. G. Lambert, F.S.A., and other objects of interest. A(2.) On an Assyrian Patera, with an Inscription in valuable paper by Mr. John G. Waller, on "Medieval Mo-Hebrew characters. By J. M. Rodwell, M.A.-This Patera, ralities, the Wheel of Fortune or of Life, and the Seven one of the finest discovered, was shown by Mr. Rodwell to Ages of Man on Ecclesiastical Art," was listened to with have been used for purposes of divination, the text beauti much attention, illustrated as it was by various large and fully written in square rabbinical Hebrew characters, having well-executed drawings, prints, and also by rubbings of part reference to magical prognostics; although of late date, it of a monumental brass at Bruges, illustrative of the wheel yet represented a large class of more ancient bowls, to and its various representations of the stages of life. A dis- which, and the practices based upon them, there were many cussion ensued, in which Mr. Weil and others took part. references in the Scriptures. Some Remarks upon a Passage Suggestions in favour of Sir J. Lubbock's Bill for Preserva- in the Panulus of Plautus. By Rev. J. M. Rodwell, tion of our National Monuments, was freely commented on, M.A.-In this paper the learned author had succeeded, by and its recommendations met with the hearty approval of the a new transliteration and arrangement of the words in the meeting. famous Phoenician soliloquy, to make a perfectly congruous Hebrew passage, which threw some light upon the reason why king Solomon supplied his Phoenician builders with such large supplies of meal and oil in preference to other commodities; in conclusion, certain Phoenician words were translated, and were shown to occur in an Hebraised form in the Old Testament.

The

ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.-At a recent meeting of the fellows of this society, under the presidency of Colonel LANE FOX, Mr. John Evans delivered an address on "The Bronze Period." After giving a most elaborate description of the varied forms of bronze implements, weapons, and ornaments discovered in many barrows and other places, Mr. Evans said that they were evidently of local manu- NEWCASTLE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.--The sixtieth facture, and were not derived from any one centre by com-annual meeting of this society was held at the Castle, Newmerce, because wherever they were found there also were castle, on Monday, February 3-Mr. JOHN CLAYTON prediscovered the moulds in which they were cast. The theory siding, in the unavoidable absence of Lord Ravensworth, the therefore, he contended, of bronze articles being supplied president. The Secretary (Mr. W. H. D. Longstaffe) read solely by the Phoenicians was a fallacious one. As to the the report of the council as follows:-" The council of the chronological history of the bronze period, very little was society, on the sixtieth anniversary, have in the first place known, but it was certain when the Romans invaded this to congratulate the members on the issue of the handsome country iron was in use. It was impossible, however, to Part III. of Dr. Bruce's able Lapidarium Septentrionale.'