Roberti. In an old MS. we read "In this p'ish ye Bishop of Cant had an house ye Armes of Chichley and Staffords are here." Whether "here" means the ancient palace in Teynham parish or the church is not clear. In two other windows were two of the Archbishops of Canterbury. When I looked over this church in 1870 I found two shields of arms only, viz., wavy of six, sable and ermine, Mareys and the arms of the Bishop of Rochester; there were also odd fragments, chiefly canopies, a golden ship and the word pro. (On next line.) .. SVTCH: WORR: YOV NEVER DON.. WARDENS. J. A. COSSINS. SCULPTURED FRAGMENT FOUND AT CASTLEFIELD.—I executed the subjoined pen-and-ink sketch in 1857 from a curious sculptured stone deposited in the Natural History Museum at Manchester. It had been found twenty years previously at a place called Castlefield, in or near that city. I believe, however, it has since been transferred with other objects of interest to the trustees of Owen's College. I have not anywhere met with an account of this sculpture, BAPCHILD CHURCH.-Bapchild church is a late Norman building, with much decorated and some perpendicular additions; it has a chancel with north chapel, nave with north aisle, and a tower with the Kentish broach spire on the south side. The old church was lit by a number of A row of halfpence of Queen Ann appears to be embedded small round-headed windows, two remain in the west wall, in the metal to make up the line. and portions of others, and over the great east window is the arch of another, and in the south wall of the nave is a complete window; a stopped up Norman door is in the western wall of the tower. The great east and west windows are decorated three-lights, the east window of the north chapel is a four-light perpendicular with ordinary abatement lights. The north windows are poor square-headed twolights. Perp. in the south wall of the chancel are three lancets. The north aisle is divided from the nave by four round arches, resting on three pillars and two responds; one of the pillars is an irregular hexagon, over it is a trefoilheaded saint's niche; the other pillars and their responds are octagonal; there are three pointed arches resting on two cylindrical pillars, a respond, and the other end dies into the wall, forming the division between the chancel and north chapel. The rood stair doorway, and fragments of the rood screen of Perp. work remain, and also a square ambry in the south wall of the chancel, but there are no traces of a piscina. The arms of the see of Canterbury, and other remains of stained glass (of which I can get no account), were in this church. Since I was there, I understand, some beautiful stained glass has been put in some of the large windows. RUINS OF BUCKLAND.-Of Buckland church there only remains the western wall, with a cinque foiled window in it, and a portion of the south wall with a Norman door, cir. 1100, in it. The building appears as if it was only very small, about 45 feet long, and 24 feet wide, consisting of a chancel and nave only. There is a tombstone in the chancel, d. 1697. I am told a bell is preserved in the old vicarage house adjoining the church. RUINS OF STONE.-The remains of Stone church consist of a portion of the south wall of the nave, and the three chancel walls; a considerable portion of the churchyard wall may be traced. An ancient gravestone is in the south wall of the nave, apparently it formed the sill of a door. The masonry forming the high altar was brought to light by the Kent Archaeological Society, in July, 1872, and beneath the chancel some Roman walling, composed of tufa and Roman bricks. From the fact that these Roman and from Captain Brown, then in charge of the Museum, I walls run east and west, it has been conjectured that they formed a portion of a Christian church. But supposing they were parts of a Roman villa, it is not surprising they are east and west, for an ancient road, now disused, ran close to the north of the church, and that would account for the direction the walls were built. It may reasonably be supposed that this building was in ruins before the Reformation, from the fact that the high altar was not destroyed. G. BEDO. SOMERTON CHURCH, SOMERSET.-Having lately taken rubbings of the inscriptions on the bells of Somerton Church, Somerset, I forward to you that on the sixth bell, a part of which I think you may consider a sufficiently curious scrap of "bell archæology" for insertion in your pages: Harl. MS. 3917. could learn nothing save the place of discovery. Speaking MIDDLE TEMPLAR. In the current number of the Evangelical Magazine, the Rev. Thomas Binney furnishes a very emphatic contradiction of a description given by the late Mr. Charles Dickens, and recently printed in Mr. Field's Yesterday with Authors, and Mr. Forster's Life of Dickens, of certain proceedings in connexion with the funeral of William Hone. The Dickens' version has been somewhat freely quoted, and reflects most strongly upon Mr. Binney and Mr. George Cruikshank, but especially the former, and it is well, therefore, that it should be generally known, that both these gentlemen, as well as the Rev. J. C. Harrison, who was present with them, altogether deny the truth of the offensive points of the story, which seem to have been favourite ones with Mr. Dickens. hood in this church, founded by Thomas Ilderton. The Queries. SHOWMEN. I FIND the following quotation, copied whence I do not know: "A young French nobleman, who travelled in England about the middle of the last century, has left on record an account of a discussion in the House of Commons, during which he heard the Lord Egmont of the day expatiate on the hardship imposed on the king's officers in India, in having to salute a gentleman in high place, whose father had played the pipes to a Punch-and-Judy show." Can any of your readers inform me who was the gentleman referred to whose father played the pipe to the Punch-andJudy show, and whose elevation so shocked the sensibilities of the Indian officers ? MEMORIAL BRASSES IN CHIGWELL CHURCH.-One of INDIAN OFFICERS AND THE SONS OF the finest brasses in this country is that in Chigwell church, co. Essex, to the memory of Archbishop Harsnett. Some short time since I paid a visit to this ancient church, and by the kind permission of the rural dean, W. S. H. Meadows, took a rubbing of the brass. It is certainly the best I ever saw. The effigy of the archbishop, like a priest of the Mosaic order, adorns the floor near the chancel end. It is surrounded by an inscription written by himself "HIC JACET SAMVELL HARSNETT, QUONDAM VICARIVS HVJVS ECCLESIÆ, PRIMOINDIGNVS EPISCOPVS CICESTRIEN SISDEINDIGNIOR EPISCOP NORWICENCIS DEMVM INDIG NISSIM' ARCHIEPISCOP' EBORACEN QVI OBIJT XXV DIE MAIJ ANNO DMI. 1631." The following is a translation "Here lieth Samuel Harsnett, formerly Vicar of this church, and afterwards, first, the unworthy Bishop of Chichester, then the more unworthy Bishop of Norwich, and lastly, the very unworthy Archbishop of York, who died on the 25th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1631." Originally this monument was on the floor of the aisle, but removed to insure its preservation. At the feet | Antiquary assure me whether this be really so? and if so, is inscribed-" QVOD IPSISSIMVM EPITAPHRIM EX ABVNwhat parish it is. Edinburgh. DANTI HVMILITATE SIBI PONI TESTAMENTO CVRAVIT REVERENDISSIMVS PRESVL." In the same church is a brass plate (in the north aisle), on which is the following inscription:: SPERNO. ENGLISH CATHOLICISM. The statement was made lately, in a Scottish newspaper, that there is one parish in Yorkshire prepared to boast of its never having been withCan any reader of the out a Roman Catholic church. PRESBYTER. TIRLING AT THE PIN.-In a little run which I am at present making into the ballad part of Scottish song-craft, I find that scarcely ever is a lady's "bower" entered without the ceremony having first been performed of "tirling at the pin." Thus, in "Lord Thomas and Fair Annet”:The boy he is come to Annet's bower, And tirled at the pin. "Pray for the soul of Thomas Elderton, Stoksemonger, of London, who dyde inlentle this isle from po nortbe dore hitherto; and also dide gyfe certen lands towards ye sustentation of a chantre prest to synge at trenetcal, and to helpe devyne service in the quere upon holy daics, as by his woll And in "Sweet William's Ghost" there made it does apere on whos soule Jchu have mercy; which Thomas decessyd the .. day of ane domini MCCCTC.” A small brass plate in the wall records that "Robert Ramston, gent of Chingford, deceased, as he was careful in his lifetime to relieve the poor so at his end he gave twenty-four pounds yearly to two parishes, whereof to the poor of Chigwell he hath given forty shillings to be paid in the month of November. He died in 1585." : There came a ghost to Mayorie's door, Again, in "Willie and May Margaret":- Lord Gregory's door would seem to have been fitted up in the same way, for I find in "Fair Annie of Lochryan" :Lang stood she at Lord Gregory's door, And lang she tirled the pin. The meaning is clear, but as a Southron, to whose ear the phrase is a little strange, I should like to have some information on the point. Was the "pin" a primitive kind of Brighton. HAROLD. GLASGOW ARMS.-At page 12, of Mr. Seton's Law and Practice of Heraldry in Scotland there is a representation of the Glasgow arms, apparently copied from some ancient sculpture. Can any reader of the Antiquary refer me to the sculpture? Samuel Harsnett founded two free schools at Chigwell, in 1629. Among the numerous ordinances for the good government of these schools is the following: "Item-I constitute and appoint, that the Latin schoolmaster be a graduate of one of the universities, not under seven-and-knocker? twenty years of age, a man skilful in the Greek and Latin tongues, a good poet, of sound religion, neither Papist nor Puritan, of a grave behaviour, of a sober and honest conversation, no tippler nor haunter of alehouses, no puffer of tobacco; and, above all, that he be apt to teach, strict in his government; and all election or elections otherwise made I declare them to be void ipso facto; and that as soon as the schoolmaster do enter into holy orders, either deacon or priest, his place to become void, ipso facto, as if he were dead," &c. The advowson of the rectory of Chigwell was originally appended to the manor, and possessed by the family of Goldyngham. Cole* transcribes a deed from the archives of Corpus Christi Coll., Cambridge, respecting Sir John Goldyngham, Knt., who gave to Master Thomas de Elleslee, sen., Master of Bennet College, the patronage below were written by a local Scottish poet, who lived in of the church of Chekewelle, for the use of that society; the early part of the present century. Can any of your dated 33 Ed. III., 1362. There was a guild and a brother-Northern readers favour me with his name? It is alleged * MSS., Vol. xii. fol. 143. R. SIMSON. REID OF PITFODDELS.-In turning up an old number of Notes and Queries I find it stated by a writer, who signs himself ANGLO-SCOTUS, that there never was such a family. Surely this is a mistake? SCEPTIC. AUTHOR WANTED.-I am informed that the lines noted they were pencilled impromptu over the doorway leading down to a cellar which was constructed under a Dissenting chapel, in Glasgow. The cellarage, it is alleged, had been formed underneath this place of worship for the purpose of revenue, and by reason of necessity had been let to a whisky distiller, who filled it with puncheons, containing the pro ducts of his distillation: "There's a spirit above, there's a spirit below, There's the spirit of love, there's the spirit of woe; The spirit below is the spirit of wine." T. B. [These lines have been attributed to William Glen, of whom some account will be found in Dr. Rogers's Modern Scottish Minstrel ED.] Is it known who wrote the following clever, delicious nonsense? Did no more ever appear? Glasgow, N.B. 'Tis sweet to roam when morning's light J. V. [A "Tulchane Bishop" was a person chosen to discharge the duties of the episcopate for a merely nominal consideration, having previously agreed to make over the revenues of the see to the secular patron.-ED.] "YOUNG ROSCIUS."I believe that several clever young actors have been thus dubbed, including Wm. Hy. West Betty, but information is desired of one whom I possess a portrait of in folio, a coloured copper plate, entitled, "W. R. Grossmith, of Reading, Berks. The celebrated Young Roscius of the age, with the sketch of his characters, etched and aqua-tinted by J. Gleadah." The characters Occupy twenty-seven compartments, and with "The Proscenium of Master Grossmith's Theatre," form a frame or doorway. Within the turkey-carpeted recess, sits Master G. in an armchair, and holding the Reading Mercury, Oxford Gazette and General Advertiser of Berks, Bucks, Hants, Oxon, Surrey, Sussex, and Wilts, of Monday, January 12th, 1829. The price of this general purveyor of news being, so far as I can make out, 7d. The youth, who appears about thirteen or fourteen years of age, wears a broadly-brimmed white beaver, broad but small-crimped frill, and a jacket with rows of buttons reaching the top of the shoulder, the plain vest, buttoned to the throat, being relieved by a massive gold watch guard and seals. Is any biography of this young genius extant ? H. ECROYD SMITH. BRACE.-Although all the dictionaries I can come across go to show that "brace means two, I have, nevertheless, a strong impression as to having, somewhere in my reading, met the word bearing the sense of more than two. Am I right in thinking so? Coming as the word does from a root "to tie," "to tighten," it will easily admit of a wider meaning than its present one; but then where is the champion of Speech knowledge who will enter the lists with the doughty heroes of the battue, the moor, and the deer-forest? H. P. FOLK-LORE, NIGHTINGALE AND CUCKOO. · Milton's sonnet, "To the Nightingale," gives a deathless fame to a fragment of folk-lore, about which, as a Scotsman, who never heard the song of a nightingale, I am wishful to learn something more. I have searched in vain for information as to where the notion is chiefly prevalent. Does any other of the poets of South Britain take notice of the circumstance? O Nightingale, that on yon bloomy spray Warblest at eve, when all the woods are still ; First heard before the shallow cuckoo's bill Foretell my hopeless doom, in some grove nigh; "RIC. WALMESLEY."--I have a small book entitled "Historical Collections out of several grave Protestant Historians," &c., printed in the year 1674. The author's name is not printed, but "Ric. Walmesley" is written in a contemporary hand on the title page near the bottom. Any information respecting this person will much oblige. W. WINTERS. ROSE, THISTLE, SHAMROCK, FLEUR-DE-LUCE, &C.Will any of your numerous readers enlighten me first on the origin of the following historical legends: the introduction of the Fleur-de-luce as the insignia of France, Shamrock as emblematic of Ireland, the Thistle of Scotland, and lastly the Rose of England. I am desirous to know the causes or circumstances that led to their adoption as the symbols of nationalities. 2ndly. As to the circumstances that gave rise to the use of flowers in heraldry. Their significance-whether denoting physical or moral characteristics. And lastly, I shall be obliged for any curious historical or biographical anecdotes or legends illustrative of any noteworthy incident in the History of Flora. Communications through your valuable columns, or directed to G. R. S., 5, Gower Street, Bedford Square, will be gratefully acknowledged. G. R. S. [Dame Juliana Barnes says that the Fleur-de-Lys was brought down from heaven by an angel. Upton calls this "flos gladioli. By some it has been supposed to represent a toad. Dallaway and Lower suppose Fleur-de-Lys, as an ornament, is seen on Roman monuments, and as it the head of a spear. Planché mentions that the the top of a sceptre or sword-hilt from the earliest periods of the French monarchy. As a badge or cognizance we are told it first appears on the seals of Louis VII. of France, called Le Jeune, and also surnamed Fleury, from the abbey of that name, the favourite retreat of the French kings, and where Philip I. was buried. Louis VII. was born in 1120 and died 1180. Montagu, who preceded reference to the Lily, the device of France, "some authors maintain Planché (he published his book in 1840, Planché in 1852) says, with that it is the water-lily, others the iris, others again that it is a lance or partisan head," &c. He seems, however, to think that the iris is de Menestrier in favour of the iris, he says, are so strong as almost to most probably the type of this bearing. The arguments of M. set the question at rest. For information regarding some points of this query we would refer our correspondent to A Guide to the Study of Heraldry, by J. A. Montagu, B.A., Pickering, 1840; The Regal Heraldry, and a Glossary of Heraldry, by John Henry Parker, Pursuivant of Arms, by J. R. Planche, F.S.A., 1852 p. 192; Willements all of which, may be consulted in the British Museum.-EDITOR.] EAST AND WEST.-Will any one kindly tell me why omitted wind blowing from the east is called an easterly wind, while water moving from the same quarter is said to be a westerly current ? Replies. WOOD ENGRAVING. (Vol. iii. 20, 35.) JUVENIS. YOUR Correspondent, RUBRIC, will find the fullest account of the early history of wood engraving in Ottley's History of Engraving," 2 vols. 1816. Here he gives good reasons for thinking that the earliest specimens are of Italian origin, and were produced in 1285 by Alessandro Alberico Cunio, and Isabella Cunio, twin brother and sister, "first reduced, imagined, and attempted to be executed in relief, with a small knife on blocks of wood, made even and polished by this learned and dear sister," &c. The whole account is most interesting. J. P. E. THE BOAR'S HEAD (Vol. iii. 17).-The following ac count of the ancient custom of bringing in a boar's head at Queen's College, Oxford, is taken from a MS. in the Bodleian Library: "There is a custom at Queen's College to serve up every year a boar's head, provided by the manciple against Christmas Day. This boar's head being boyl'd or roasted, is laid in a great charger, covered with a garland of bays or laurell as broad at bottom as the brims of the chargers. When the first course is served up in the refectory on Christmas Day, in the said college, the manciple brings the said boar's head from the kitchen up to the high table, accompanied with one of the tabarders (ie., the scholars), who lays his hand on the charger. The tabarder sings a song, and when he comes to the chorus all the scholars that are in the refectory joyn together and sing it. in your I. The Boar's head in hand bear I Chorus Reddens laudes Domino. II. The Boar's head, as I understand, Being thus bedeck'd with a gay garland, Caput Apri, &c. III. Our steward has provided this, Caput Apri, &c. This song, it will be noticed, differs in a good many respects from that given in your last number (p. 17), which, however, is of much earlier date. This song is given amongst the Christmas carols, printed by Wynkyn de Worde, in 1521, but there are several printer's errors, &c., last number that require correction, Th, us, instead of "reddens lando domino," it should read' reddens laudens domino," where "laudens" is put by mistake for "laudes," just as in the first line "differo" is put for "defero." Then the second line should read, "With garlands gay and rosemary," and "Tunderstande" is obviously "I understande." The last line of the third verse has been entirely; this verse should read: Be gladde lordes both more and lasse, "Thus endeth the Christmasse Carolles, newely emprinted at London, in the flete-strete, at the sygne of the sonne, by Wynkyn de Worde. The yere of our Lord MDXXI." This custom is referred to very early; thus Hollingshead says, that in 1170, upon the day of the young prince's coronation, King Henry I. "served his sonne at the table as server, bringing up the bores head with trumpets before it, according to the manner." In the Aubrey MSS. in the Bodleian, it is stated that before the last civil wars, in gentlemen's houses at Christmas, the first dish that was brought to table was a boar's head, with a lemon in his mouth. The first dish that was brought up to the table on Easter-day was a red-herring, riding away on horseback, that is, a herring ordered by the cook, something after the likeness of a man on horseback set in a corn salad. "The custom of eating a gammon of bacon at Easter, which is still kept up in many parts of England, was founded on this, viz., to shew their abhorrence to Judaism at that solemn commemoration of our Lord's resurrection." Merton College, Oxford. J. P. EARWAKER. CANADENSIS (Vol. iii. 33).-The retort by Mr. Mackenzie, given with his usual promptitude, was, "I am as loyal to the Queen and the Constitution of Great Britain as any gentleman on the treasury benches possibly can be, but I am not loyal to Her Majesty's man-servant, her maidservant, her ox, nor her ass." Such was the answer of the hon. gentleman, and it had a most telling effect at the moment in the House. C. ROGER, EMBLEM OF ST. ANN (Vol. iii. 20, 35).-Your correspondent, J. B. B., who wishes to learn the emblem usually borne by St. Ann, must first be made acquainted that the following lines apply to St. Ann, who was mother of the blessed Mary, and whose name is still retained in the calendar of the English Church, and who has been regarded in all ages as one of the most prominent of the female saints. Her anniversary day is celebrated on July 26. The emblem that distinguishes her is, a book, held by a female in her hand and who is teaching a child. Sometimes the words, "Radix Jesse floruit" are on the book. Also, teaching the Virgin to read; again, Ann standing with Joachim, her husband, before the Temple Gate with a triple crown in the left hand and a book in her right hand. Her patronage extends over riches and over lost goods, and she is recognised as patron of Turners and Comb Makers. Many churches in England are dedicated to her, and a very scarce illustration of her and her husband is appended to the Salisbury Missal ” (1534, p. xix.), and in the Breviary of Sarum are several forms of prayer to St. Ann. 16, Bloomfield Terrace. C. GOLDING. 66 information on the subject of merchants' marks may be MERCHANTS' MARKS (Vol. iii. 20).-Much interesting found in the following Works :-Herald and Genealogist, part 29; Proceedings of the Bury and West Suffolk Archeological Society, vol. ii., p. 80; Wodderspoon's Memorials of the Ancient Town of Ipswich; Norfolk Archæology, vols. iii, & v.; and also in Willis' Current Notes (see indices). E. H. W. DUNKIN. CHURCH PROPERTY (Vol. ii. 298; iii. 11).-In Ecton's Liber Valorum and Decimarum (3rd. ed., 1728) twenty-six pages are devoted to a list of the names of the benefactors to various livings throughout the country with the amount of POPULAR RHYMES (Vol. iii. 31).-An old Eaton (co. their benefactions. The livings in question had been Norfolk) friend of mine, says the following was familiarly further augmented by a grant of 2001. each from Queen known in the above locality some forty years ago:Anne's bounty. Probably a perusal of the list named "Monday's child is fair of face; would repay Investigator. Tuesday's child is full of grace ; Wednesday's child is full of woe; Thursday's child has far to go; Friday's child is sour and sad; Saturday's child is welcome home; Sunday's child is a gentleman." (sic.) E. H. W. DUNKIN. ODDS AND ENDS, SLANG SAYINGS, &C. (Vol. iii. 18). "To tschihike-to call out shrilly to another at a distance." Mr. Jeremiah fancies this word (in which I would substitute an r for the second h) of Turkish origin, but I believe it to be derived from our feathered neighbours. On the sea-coast of S. W. Lancashire, schrike is the local term for a tern or sea-swallow. whose cries, especially during the breeding season, are of the shrillest. That this name has been used for centuries, is evident from Randle Holme's reference, vide his Academic of Armoury and Blazon, published in 1688 (book ii. chap. 3). Schryke (pronounced hard) is but an old name for the Daker hen," a bird whose coarse guttural cluck is well known. H. ECROYD SMITH. The saying, "to overrun the constable," as understood at the present day, has varied in meaning since its original was first penned upwards of two hundred years ago. Butler has "Quoth Hudibras, Friend Ralph, thou hast Out-run the constable at last.""" Hudibras, part 1, canto iii. The literal meaning of which is—To trespass beyond the bounds of common sense, or truth. The common expression, "to smell a rat," may also be accounted of respectable antiquity. For examples, see B. Jonson's Tale of a Tub, act iv. s. 3; and Butler's Hudibras, part 1, canto i. The import of this is the same now as then. J. PERRY. EFFIGY OF TOM PAINE (Vol. iii. 19).—A similar feeling to that shown at Faversham, displaying the utter detestation in which the infidel was held, appears to have pervaded the good folks of Waltham Abbey. In 1792, Paine's effigy was publicly burnt in the market-place of this town. I can plainly perceive the reason why the abovenamed towns expressed their repugnance to the author of The Rights of Man, in the same manner. Faversham and Waltham Abbey were then, and for years subsequently, closely allied to each other, each containing a ROYAL GUNPOWDER FACTORY. For several years a portion of the material used in the manufacture of gunpowder at Waltham Abbey was transported from Faversham, by sloop, to Bow Creek, and from thence by barge to Waltham, so that communications between the two factories were continuous. Therefore, whatever special subject engrossed the attention of the workmen at one place, the same would assuredly meet the full sympathy of brother workmen at the J. PERRY. BOOK INSCRIPTIONS (Vol. iii. 32).—I have seen the last line of the first inscription quoted by F. E. I. S., varied "And Christ is my salvation." other. Waltham Abbey. thus HOAX (Vol. iii. 9, 21).—It is not improbable that this word now in common use was employed long before Dr. Johnson's time, only disguised in its orthography. Richard Head, in his "Art of Wheedling," 12mo, 1634, p. 254, writes: "The mercer cries, was ever a man so hocus'd. So that hoax, or, as it was originally written "hocus," is any species of dexterous imposition, and which is generally admitted to be a corruption of Hoc est corpus. Its origin, however, is uncertain. Hocus. pocus. is a very common epithet, applied to a juggler's trick, or cheat. Junius, another etymologist, derives it from the Welsh hocced, a cheat, and pocus, a bag, applicable to the machinery by "This gift of hocuswhich a juggler performs his tricks. pocussing, and of disguising matters, is surprising.' L'Estrange. Dr. Tillotson makes use of hoc est corpus with reference to the Romish sacramental wafer. Waltham Abbey. W. WINTERS. Notices to Correspondents. Correspondents who reply to queries would oblige by referring to the volume and page where such queries are to be found. To omit this gives us very unnecessary trouble. S. P. R.-The cognizance of the Burghs, Earls of Ulster, was a dragon sedant, sable corned, or with the inscription, "Ex comitatu de Ulster." Delta.- Pepys was Secretary to the Admiralty in the time of Charles II. We have never understood that he was anything of a Herald. Montagu says of him, "But I should imagine from the heraldic part of the drawings, that Pepys, or whosoever it was that made the designs (for his folio book on vellum), was little conversant with heraldry. is not Roger Charles Tichborne. Litera.- Pope's remark occurs in one of his letters, "What should one read for? For! why to know facts."" R. R.-London was in the hands of Louis of France in 1216. The Imperial Crown of England with the rest of the regalia were consigned to the crucible on the supreme power passing into the hands of Cromwell. The Scottish regalia would have shared the same fate, but were concealed under the pulpit of Dunotter, and are now safe within the iron grating at Edinburgh Castle. 7. B. (Liverpool).-Surname and Sirname were not originally identical. Surname was the name of the sire or progenitor. Surname is nomen supra nomen additum. Though according to modern usage sirname and surname be the same, it was not so ab initio. Every sirname was a surname, but every surname was not a sirname, that is, nomen patris additum proprio. NOTICE. We shall be glad to receive contributions from competent and capable persons accomplished in literature or skilled in archeology, and generally from any intelligent reader who may be in possession of facts, historical or otherwise, likely to be of general interest. To all communications should be affixed the name and address of the sender; not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Communications for the Editor should be addressed to the Publishing Office, 11, Ave Maria-lane, E.C. |