reignty, Sherlock's old instincts as a clergyman, who had doubtless preached in favour of divine right of kings, was too strong for him. When we remember the wonderful declarations to which the clergy of that day had subscribed, as, for example, that they believed that it was unlawful in any case to take up arms against the king-the wonder is, not that a man here and there should be found like Sherlock with a conscience unable to transfer his allegiance from a king who had, in fact, been deposed by arms, to one who in accordance with the views all but universally taught by the clergy, was an usurper who had laid his hands on the Lord's anointed, but that so few among the clergy should have been found to be constant to their old professions. Sherlock refused to acknowledge William III., and became one of the non-jurors. Thenceforward, for a time at least, he was the great favourite of the Jacobite party. Subsequently he saw his way to taking the oaths.* Templars through the reign of Richard I. On his death A few words are absolutely necessary on the early history Nowhere so completely as in the church is it possible to recall these Knights Templars. There, at least, is the spot where the red-cross banner of the order was unfolded; where the knights assembled for worship; where their swords were placed upon the altar to be consecrated to the service of the Church. There, at least, King John and the barons, to whom we owe the great Charter, have been. Kings and legates have joined with Templars in this ancient building in the frenzied devotion which supported the fierce and long struggle with the infidel. Our fathers looked with awe upon a building within whose walls the novice to the holy vows of the Temple, with closed doors, and in the first watch of the night, was admitted; and where nightly vigil was kept by the soldiers, who had sworn to recover the holy sepulchre. The portion consecrated in 1185 was the Round. The the semi-Norman style. The rounded arch and the short and massive column are gradually giving way to Early English. The oblong is, as our readers know, a beautiful specimen of Early English. On the floor of the Round rest male-clad effigies, with their legs crossed in token that they had assumed the cross. They are not, as is commonly supposed, the monuments of Knights Templars. latter were always buried in the habit of their order, and are represented in it on their tombs. This habit was a long white mantle, with a red cross on the left breast. The monuments seem to be those of secular warriors, who, by virtue of a rule of the order, had been admitted "associates of the Temple." One of them is to the Earl of Essex; a second to the Earl of Pembroke, protector of England during the minority of Henry III.; others represent two of his sons, one of whom, although the dates look awkward, takes rank among the barons who compelled John to sign the Charter. of It is unnecessary to our purpose to trace the history of the *We have been unable to obtain a list of the masters of the Temple from Sherlock down to our own time. If any of our readers can refer us to such a list, or furnish us with one, we shall be greatly obliged. See the "Knights Templars and the Temple Church," by C. G. Addison. Longman, Brown & Co. A book which should be in the hands of every Templar. The The church was dedicated to the Virgin. The banner of the Templars was called Beau-Seant," which," says Favine, "is in French, Bien Seant, halfe white and halfe blacke, because they were and showed themselves wholly white and fayre towards the Christians, but blacke and terrible to them that were miscreants." This banner, our readers will remember, is on the ceiling or vaulting. The black is only one third of the whole. Another device, the cross raised above the crescent, is copied from an old seal of the Templars, dated 1320, and now in the British Museum. In different parts of the church also are the lamb and flag, and the winged horse. The former every one recognises as the Holy Lamb. The latter seems to have arisen from a mistake. The earliest device of the Templars was two knights on the same horse. These appear to have been mistaken in the reign of Elizabeth from an imperfect impression of a seal for wings, and the members of the Inner Temple have adopted the blunder. TUNBRIDGE CASTLE AND PRIORY.-The accompanying account of Tunbridge Castle and Priory from Suckling's collections in the British Museum has never yet I believe appeared in print. The original is to be found in Additional MS. 18485. E. H. W. DUNKIN. passed by a female heir to Sir Thomas Berkeley, who alienated them to Sir John Kenedie, by whom they were soon afterwards transferred by sale to Messrs. Ferners, Gosson, and Johnson, who in the early part of the reign of James the First conveyed their joint interest to Sir Peter Vanlore. In the year 1674 the castle of Tonbridge with the manor was allotted to Jacoba, the wife of Henry Zinzan, Esq., one of the granddaughters of Sir Peter, amongst whom his inheritance was divided. A descendant of this lady sold the castle, manor, and demesne lands to John Hooker, Esq., who in consequence settled at Tonbridge. This gentleman's son conveyed this property to Wm. Woodgate, Esq., of Somerhill, who had married Frances, his sister; and by whom, in 1793, was built the present handsome mansion which adjoins the ruins of the castle. manor. Although the ruins of the great gateway, which are all that remain of the once formidable fortress, do not lay claim to a higher period than the reign of Edward the First, yet they occupy the site of a much older building, which appears to have been the object of repeated and successful attacks. Richard Fitz Gilbert, who had obtained the manor of TonA court leet and court baron are regularly held for this bridge from William the Conqueror in reward for his services at Hastings, having been induced to espouse the cause of Robert Curthose drew upon himself the vengeance of Wil-inner moat which surrounds an area of about six acres. The site of Tonbridge Castle is distinctly marked by the liam Rufus, who immediately besieged him in their castle There were originally two others which enclosed the town, at Tonbridge and compelled it to surrender. It was, how- and were filled or emptied at pleasure by means of a large ever, restored upon Gilbert's swearing allegiance to the Eng-weir and bank extending for the space of two miles towards lish monarch. Notwithstanding his father's inability to Leigh. Modern improvements and the extension of the hold out this fortress against the power of his sovereign, town have obliterated nearly all traces of these. Besides a we find Gilbert de Tonbridge in 1098 fortifying this castle few broken walls and the lofty mount of the dongeon or against Rufus in behalf of Robert, Earl of Morton, then in keep, now overgrown by trees and ornamental shrubs, the rebellion. So inadequate, however, were the means of de- only remains are the great gateway and towers, represented fence to the skill or the power of the besieger, that Gilbert in the annexed drawing. The exterior face of this fragment was 'obliged to surrender after a siege of only two days. In presents a stern and imposing aspect, not a single window the reign of Henry the Third, Gilbert de Clare, a descendant appears in its whole façade [?], while its narrow and deeply of its first owner, was equally unsuccessful in maintaining receded postal, guarded by machicolations, portcullises, and this fortress against that monarch's attack, who on this loop-holes, seems capable of resisting every species of attack occasion burnt the town. It ought also to have been stated known to the engineers of that period. The inner front, that Falcatius de Brent in the time of John carried Ton- although looking upon the square of the castle, relaxes very bridge Castle by storm. Whether these repeated miscar- little from the same jealous precaution. A very curious riages on the part of the possessors of this castle were attri- mode of obtaining access to the keep seems to have been butable to the weakness of the fortress or the valour of the adopted here. The large tower at the south-west angle besiegers cannot now be determined, though but few such contained a staircase, which opened upon a remarkably places at that period experienced so many assaults sustained thick wall, which stretching westerly towards the keep, led with such ill success. Upon the accession of Edward the by a covered way on its summit to the foot of that strongFirst to the crown, we find the scene, however, altogether hold. The wall with the passage opening from the shifted, and the walls which had so often responded to the tower is yet existing, while on the summit of the mound the groans of the conquered, and the savage cry of the victor, buttresses of the keep rise several feet above the soil. now resounded with the shouts of revelry and mirth. That Whether any other access to this citadel of the fortress Prince on his return from the Holy Land was entertained communicated with the courts and the domestic offices canhere for many days with great magnificence and state, not now be ascertained. I am inclined to regard the whole being attended by his queen and a large retinue of noble- of these buildings as erected posterior to the attack made on Edward the Second also, while prince, resided here this castle in the reign of Henry the Third, for they appear while locum tenens for his father during his absence in much too formidable and strong to have afforded such easy triumphs as seem to have been gathered here. men. Flanders. In 1317, Tonbridge Castle having descended by marriage to Hugh de Audley, it was once more seized by the king in consequence of the defection of its owner, and was ordered to be razed to the ground. Authentic records, however, prove that this command was never obeyed, as it was appointed in 1322 to be prepared as one of the four places for keeping the charters and records of the realm. Hugh de Audley, in the first of Edward the Third, having alleged in Parliament that there were several errors in the prosecutions instituted against him in the former reign, had restitution granted him of all his castles, manors, and lands; then in the king's hands. By this means Tonbridge again became this nobleman's property, who, dying in 1346, left it with all his possessions to Ralph, Lord Stafford, who had married his only daughter Margaret. With this great family the castle and manor of Tonbridge remained till the attainder of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Henry the Eighth, when they became forfeited to the crown, and were immediately after granted to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick. This nobleman, however, exchanging them with the king for other estates, they were given by Queen Mary to Cardinal Pole, on whose death they again became royal property, and were regranted by Elizabeth to her relative Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon. From him they It is stated on the authority of Mr. Hasted, that a covered way, similar to that communicating with the keep, led from the gateway over the chapel to the south-east tower. This tower was probably strongly fortified as it commanded the bridge which seems to have been furnished with some contrivance for regulating the head of water. It is not a little singular that while the Medway flowed past this spot in four natural channels, a fifth should have been dug at a vast expense to wash the walls of this castle ; so effectually however was it constructed, and on so extensive a scale, that it now forms the principal and only navigable branch. A handsome and convenient residence having within these few years been attached to the stately remains of the gateway, the entire area of the castle is tastefully laid out in lawn and pleasure grounds, and kept in the neatest order. A winding path affords an easy ascent to the summit of the great mound on which stood the keep, every stone of which is carefully preserved from violation. From this elevation a delightful view of the surrounding country, rich in hill and dale, wood and water, is uninterruptedly obtained, and would repay a much more toilsome ascent. The Priory is the next object to be noticed in our survey of this interesting town, the small remains of whose former importance are pleasantly situated in the centre of a fertile meadow just beyond the southern termination of the principal street. It was founded in the latter part of the reign of Henry the Second, by the pious munificence of Richard de Clare, owner of Tunbridge Castle, and first Lord of Hertford. It was dedicated to the honour of Saint Mary Magdalen and filled with White Monks of the Proemonstratensian Order. ever, was discovered with it, which could lead to a conjecture as to whose bones they were. Whatever may have been the original extent of this establishment cannot be gathered from the present ruins, which merely comprise a single building now in use as a barn-in all probability they were never very extensive, the annual revenues of the house being under 2007. per annum, as appears by its being granted to Cardinal Wolsey, who had obtained the dissolution of all monasteries under that value, to augment the income and establishment of his new college at Oxford. It appears by the Charter of the Priory granted by the founder, that he gives to the Canons regular of his establish- This building is generally supposed to have formed the ment ten marks to be received annually from his Manor of hall or refectory of the Convent, though some have imagined Tonbridge, and 51 shillings and 5a to be paid out of his it to have been the chapel. It could not I think have served effects, old as well as new, of his land called Dennemannes- the latter purpose, as several doorways appear to have combrock in Yalding, and also annually one hundred and twenty municated with it from different stories at both gables. The hogs in his forest of Tonebregge, free from pannage, and that most curious object of attention in these are the various the Canons should have two horses every day, to carry the closets sunk in the solid of the wall, in some of which the dead wood home to them, with one Stag yearly, to be taken oaken shelves are remaining-an extraordinary instance of by the Earl's men. In 1351 a sudden and dreadful fire broke the durability of that timber, if we recollect that they have in out in this place which consumed every part of the Priory to all likelihood been exposed to the action of the elements for the very foundations, together with all the Monk's vestments, these last three centuries. Although the surface of these walls ornaments, jewels, and furniture. These losses, however, are ragged and broken in a very extraordinary degree, yet we were soon made good by the appropriation of the church at shall not err greatly in fixing its age; it cannot be earlier Leigh, of which the Monastery had previously possessed the than 1351, as we are positively informed that the entire Advowson. In the instrument which was prepared to monastery was consumed by fire in that year. The shape of legalize this Monkish embezzlement of clerical property, the arches forming the roof of an upper chamber, seen in the the Church, Chapter-house, Dormitory, Refectory, Library, eastern gable, forbid us assigning a much later date, as does and Vestry of the Priory are described to have been "Edi- also a large and expansive window occupying the upper ficia splendida et nobilia." Upon its re-edification imme-portion of the west end. Within this in a later period a flat diately after this calamity, the Monastery seems to have labelled window has been inserted. remained in the same situation as to extent and revenue, till the reign of Henry the VIII, when it was granted to Cardinal Wolsey by that Monarch to forward the foundation of his Colleges, anno Domini 1525. Upon the disgrace of that great churchman, four years afterwards it reverted to the Crown, with his other posses sions. By Edward the 6th it was given in his fourth year with its manors, lands and possessions to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, to hold in capite by Knight's service, all which the Earl re-conveyed to the King in exchange for other property. Queen Mary next granted this Priory to Cardinal Pole, who dying in 1558 it again became part of the revenues of the Crown. Queen Elizabeth bestowed the site of this Monastery upon Sir Henry Sidney, and afterwards to Dame Ursula Walsingham, after which it passed into the possession of the Lady Viscountess Purbeck, who sold it to the family of the Poleys, with whom it remained till it was devised by will to George Weller Esqr of Tonbridge, who changed his name to Poley and afterwards resided at Boxted Hall in Suffolk. His son, George Weller Poley, Esq. of that place, afterwards possessed this property, on whose death in 1780 it descended to his brother the Rev. John Weller Poley. In 1371 the body of Ralph, Lord Stafford was interred in the chapel of this Priory, by the side of Margaret Audley his wife, and at the feet of her father and mother, being in right of his wife possessed of the manor and Castle of Tonbridge. This great Nobleman was descended from Robert de Stafford, a person of influence and wealth in the reign of the Conqueror, and had a high command in the Van of the English army at the battle of Cressy. In the reign of Edward the 3rd he was made a Knight of the Garter, and created by the same Monarch, Earl of Stafford. He died at an advanced age at Tonbridge, in the 46th year of that King, and has left behind him a character thus drawn by an old writer. "Nob: Comes Staffordia Radulphus nomine, homo quondam validus, fortis, audax, bellicosus, in armis strenuus, senio confectus, longo squalore maceratus, obiit." Several years since a stone coffin was dug up from amongst these ruins containing a skeleton, which on being exposed to the air quickly mouldered away into dust. Nothing, how In the grounds of this monastery, at a small distance southward of the ruins, is a well dedicated to Saint Margaret, which was in former days much resorted to before Tunbridge Wells became fashionable. It appears from the ochreous sediment to be strongly impregnated by mineral, but does not sparkle like the waters of those wells. Mess. Buck engraved a south view of these ruins in the year 1735. [It is only just to add that Mr. Suckling.gives an excellent sketch of the gateway of Tunbridge Castle, and two views of the ruins of the Priory, accompanying the account we have transcribed.] FRESHMEN. The following paper was lately communicated by Mr. J. P. Earwaker to the Oxford Undergraduate Journal. It may well find a place among the Miscellanea of the Antiquary. B. B. It cannot but interest all 'Varsity men, and particularly Freshmen, to learn how Freshmen were treated in the middle of the 17th century. Antony à Wood, the wellknown Antiquary, was entered at Merton, in 1647, and thus describes his experiences. "At that time, Christmas appearing, there were Fires of Charcoal made in the com. mon hall on All Saints' Eve, All Saints' day and night, on the Holy days, their nights and eves, between that time and Christmas day. At all these Fires, every night which began to be made a little after five of the clock, the Senior Undergraduates would bring into the hall the Juniors or Freshmen between that time and six of the clock, and there make them sit downe on a forme in the middle of the Hall joyning to the Declaiming Desk: which done, everyone in order was to speake some pretty Apothegme or make a Jest or Bull, or speak some eloquent nonsense to make the company laugh. But if any of the Freshmen came off dull or not cleverly, some of the forward or pragmatical Seniors would tuck them, that is, set the nail of the thumb to their chin just under the lower lipp, and by the help of their other fingers under the chin they would give him a mark which sometimes would produce blood. On Candlemas day or before, every Freshman had warning given him to provide his Speech to be spoken in the Public Hall before the Undergraduates' and Servants on Shrove Tuesday night following, that being alwaies the time for the observation of that Ceremony. According to the said summons, A Wood provided a Speech as the other Freshman did. "On Shrove Tuesday, the fire being made in the com- detailed account; I will only remark here that the old Normon Hall before five of the clock at night, the Fellows man church was very much altered and partly rebuilt in the would go to supper before six, and making an end sooner early decorated style, and considerable alterations and than at other times, they left the Hall to the liberties of additions were made in the reign of King Henry VI. the Undergraduates, but with an admonition from one of The first mentioned alterations appear to me as if they exthe Fellows (who was the Principal of the Undergraduates tended over several years, some of the windows on the and Postmaster), that all things should be carried out in north side of the building I should date as circ. 1290, while good order. While they were at Supper in the Hall, the on the south side they are as late as circ. 1320; the south Cook (Will Noble) was making the lesser of the brass pots aisle of the nave had windows of the latter date; one of the full of Cawdel at the Freshmens' Charge, which after the finials remains in situ on the western side of the south Hall was free from the Fellows was brought up and set porch. The chancel was, I have no doubt, built by the before the Fire in the said Hall. Afterwards every Fresh- Abbey of St. Augustine, Canterbury, to which the tithes man according to seniority was to pluck off his Gowne and of the parish belonged; the east window is a fine five-light, Band, and if possibly to make himself look like a Scoun- simply cinquefoiled in the head of the lights; the side windrell. This done, they were conducted each after the dows have the hood moulds terminating in the notch-head other to the High Table and there made to stand on a peculiar to early decorated buildings. The choir Forme placed thereon, from whence they were to speak aisles were both altered or rebuilt at the same time as the their Speech with an audible voice to the Company; chancel. In the later alterations the monks, so far as I can which, if well done, the person that spoke it was to have trace, built the present sacristy, had new stalls made for the a Cup of Cawdel and no Salted Drinke; if indifferently, choir (which still remain), added oaken roofs to the choir some Cawdel and some Salted Drink, but if dull, nothing aisles and put new windows to them. Anciently, the whole was to be given to him but Salted Drink or Salt put into of the walls of the building were covered with mural College Beere with Tucks to boot. Afterwards when they decorations, and many of the pillars were painted. The were to be admitted into the Fraternity, the Senior Cook north aisle of the choir was formerly the chapel of St. was to administer to them an oath over an old Shoe, part Thomas of Canterbury; on the north and east walls is a of which runs thus :-Item tu jurabis quod penniless bench representation of the martyrdom of St. Thomas à Becket; non visitabis, &c., the rest is forgotten and none there are some of the knights-life size-may be traced indistinctly. now remember it. [Penniless Bench was a seat then join- They are in chain armour and appear to me to be very well ing to St. Martin's Church, Carfax, where Butter women drawn. The scene of the actual assassination was drawn and Hucksters used to sit.] After which, spoken with over the altar in the east end of the chapel, a larger (pergravity, the Freshman kist the Shoe, put on his Gowne and pendicular) window than the old one has been inserted, Band, and took his place among the Seniors. which has nearly destroyed this part of the painting. The spandril of the choir forming the south wall of the chapel has the figures of St. Edmund, a judge, and a pilgrim, but I can offer no explanation on the meaning of them. The south aisle of the choir was the Trinity chapel, and I think I am right in saying it contained the altar of SS. Peter and Paul. In the east wall is a piscina, and there are two saints' niches, one on each side of the east window, of course empty now, but I have no doubt they were once filled with figures of the two saints I have mentioned. This chapel has its walls covered with painting, but it is very indistinct; a figure of St. Paul has been traced holding a sword and book. A tomb in the south wall is most absurdly said to be King Stephen's, although it is of decorated date; the canopy is very well carved with vine leaves and acorns. It was restored about twenty years ago at the expense of Mr. Chaffey, a son-in-law of the vicar. On the two first pillars of the north transept are some paintings representing scenes in the life of our Lord, beginning with angels appearing to the shepherds, and ending with the Crucifixion. In the vestry is a church chest of decorated date, it is It is probable that this custom was not peculiar to highly ornamented, and anciently it was placed in a more Merton, but more likely was general all over the 'Varsity, conspicuous position; most likely it is the identical one and found in other Societies elsewhere. We believe some-mentioned in an inventory † of the church goods taken by thing like it was lately and may even yet be kept up at some a Robert Withiot in the reign of King Henry VIII. of the Public Schools-if any of our readers could give an a cheste without the Quyer Dore on the left hand going account of it it would be very useful, as showing the per- into it." The services of this church appear to have manency of old customs and institutions. been carried out in a magnificent manner before the Reformation, and from the gorgeous collections of vestments and jewels in the inventory just mentioned, one might imagine it referred to the treasures of a cathedral. Several of the entries seem to indicate that many of the vestments were ornamented with the coats of arms of bene "Now, for a diversion, and to make you laugh at the Folly and Simplicity of these times, I shall entertaine you with part of a Speech, which A. Wood spoke while he stood on the Forme placed on the Table with his Gowne and Band off and uncovered : "Most reverend Seniors, May it please your Gravities to admit into your presence a Kitten of the Muses and a meer Frog of Helicon to croak the cataracts of his plumbeous cerebrosities before your Sagacious ingenuities"--and so on "After he had concluded his Speech he was taken downe by one of the Bachelaur-Commoners of the House, who with the Bachelaurs and the Senior Undergraduates made him drink a good dish of cawdle, put on his Gowne and Band, placed him among the Seniors and gave him Sack. "This was the way and custome that had been used in the College time out of mind to intimate Freshman, but between that time (1647) and the Restoration of King Charles the Second it was disused, and now such a thing is absolutely forgotten." Notes. ARCHEOLOGICAL NOTES ON E. "In A FAVER-factors. In the vestry was a chasuble with "lebards hedys of golde." At St. Katherine's altar in a chest was yones of golde." At the Morrow Mass altar was pontell for that awter of blew and grene damaske with chisebyll of grene damaske with lyones of golde with DURING the last few years it has been my delight to collect every scrap of antiquarian matter relating to the fine old parish church of Faversham, for which I have great veneration. I have published an architectural history of the church to which I would refer any one who wishes for a * Vide "Faversham Year Book" for 1871. "A See "Archæological Cantiana" vol. i. for drawing and a description by the late Mr. Williams, F.S.A. + Among the town papers at Faversham. apparel for the preest." One very curious entry occurs which severely exercised me for a long time, viz., "It. 2 gret Kandylstykks and a small [one?] of laton standing upon brods herse." John Broode was one of the churchwardens in the second year of King Henry VIII., and these three brass candlesticks stood on the framework over a tomb of one of the Broode family, or as it quaintly put "brods herse." Some idea may be formed of the magnificence of the church anciently when we find that in the will of a wealthy burgess (a Robert Fale) in 21st King Henry VIII., he bequeaths £5"to the gilding of the rode lofte yn the parish church of Faversham." From the time of King John it appears the monks of St. Augustine's Abbey, instead of appointing a secular priest to the vicarage, sent a monk from among them to attend to the cure, with others to assist him. This state of things went on until the time of Archbishop Peckham, who compelled the monks to appoint a permanent vicar, who should have the small tithes of the parish and all offerings made in the church for his support, as well as all oblations at the first mass in the church at Sheldwich, then a chapelry attached to Faversham. In the reign of King Henry VIII. there were six chantry priests, two clerks regularly paid, and other clerks to assist them, and a sacristan. Anciently, every possible provision seems to have been made for having good music at the high mass, &c. In the reign of King Henry VII. one of the clerks was to lay the books relating to the service "half over on one side of the quire, and the other half of them on the other side of the quire" that is to say, on the stalls now remaining, which formerly stood on stone bases, arranged as in cathedrals. "The children singing in the queer," ie, the boys in the choir, evidently broke down sometimes in singing concerted music, for it was arranged that "where plain song faileth, one of them (viz. the clerks) shall leave and keep the plain song unto the time the quier is set againe.' G. BEDO. commonly called a tap, in the same way from Donjon we CHURCHES IN KENT.-During the years 1869-70-1, I amused myself in making a collection of drawings and notes for a history of a group of Kentish churches lying within a few miles of Faversham; the result I propose to give from time to time in the pages of the Antiquary. One of the most interesting in the series is TEYNHAM CHURCH.-It is a cruciform building of early English date, except the western tower, the great east window, and a few other windows which are perpendicular. There is a piscina in the chancel, the head, which is trefoiled, is stopped up. The two rood stair doorways remain. There are several layers of Roman brick in the very long lancets. I saw nothing remarkable about the west wall of the north transept. The ancient windows are building, except that it has been disfigured in places, particularly the exterior of the south side of the nave, but I suppose that will all be put right when it is restored. There are a few brasses, but none are of any interest, except the well-known one of John Frogenhall, who has the SS. collar about his neck. There was a chantry in the church, probably in the south transept, as the land supporting it was in the manor belonging to the family to whom this chapel belonged, viz., the Frognall; this manor is now called Frognal. A fine collection of stained glass was once in the church, but it has nearly all disappeared. In one of the east windows in the north transept was the figure of a man richly dressed, holding in his right hand a spear, and in his left a golden ship and the arms of Mareys, viz., wavy of six, sable and ermine. In the centre light of the same window was the remains of a figure with a flowing robe, and another shield like the one described; and in the other light a figure holding a spear in the right hand and a book in the left; a shield contained the arms of Mareys quartered with argent, a bend sable.† In another window in the same position was a shield containing the arms of Mareys in pale with ermine, on a bend azure, three lions rampant quardant, Bourne of Sharsted, in Doddington, and underderneath, Orate pro animabus Billi Mareys Johanæ et Johe uxores eius.‡ In another window of this transept was a figure in a white cope edged with gold, pointing to a kneeling figure habited in blue; the letter was in several places crowned with a ducal coronet, and below the words scdis aptice pthonotarii.§ In the Frogenhall chapel, besides a shield having the arms of Frogenhall, was a shield containing Frogenhall with a descent in chief, in pale with argent, three wolves' heads, sable. In addition to these arms was the legend of St. George and the Dragon, and a bishop in cope and mitre with a book in his left hand.¶ In other windows was the following:** 1. Arms of the see of Rochester. 2. Langdon in pale with Kirton, and underneath Johannes Langdon. 3. Martin in pale with Bureys, underneath rate p anbs Robti Martnn et Kather consortis tius. 4. Part of a gold crozier and Langdon Johis. martyn THE DANE JOHN, CANTERBURY.-The huge mound of earth, just within the city walls of Canterbury, called the Dane John, is popularly supposed to have some connection with one or other of the sieges of the city by the Danes. It is supposed that the mound was formerly outside the walls, and that later on the walls were extended so as to embrace it. Another theory is, that somehow or other it had something to do with the castle not far off. I can see no possible reason for this latter theory; as for the other, it seems to me most improbable that either in the reign of King Richard II. or any other, that the citizens would allow themselves to be put to the enormous expense of building some hundreds of feet of wall, protected by towers, when the whole mound could have been levelled to the ground for a small sum. Let any one consider for a moment that it would cost some thousands to build the quantity of walling required to enclose the mound; well, it surely could not cost many hundreds to utterly destroy the mound for military purposes. I remember Mr. Brent, at the annual meeting of the Kent Archæological Society, in 1868, showed us round the city walls, and he told us that, in reality, the existence of the mound had never been satisfactorily accounted for, that its age was uncertain, and that its use was altogether a matter of conjecture. Mr. Brent said he hoped some day to get the sanction of the corporation to enable him to make excavations so as to elucidate its history, if possible. My own opinion is, that the mound is of no great antiquity, or we should have heard something of it from the old monkish chronicles. The words Dane John are certainly not very old, for Gostling, who wrote only a century ago, gives that and another-Dunghill. The fact is, the manor called Dungeon extends to this spot, and from this locality being called by that name originally, it afterwards became customary to apply it to the mound itself. I may mention that it is very common in Kent to pronounce o as a, plenty Parsons's Kent Monuments. of men of Kent will remember that at school a top was Parsons's Kent Monuments. ** Harl. MS., 3917; Parsons. |