350. INFLECTIONS. The reader sces that Proverbs. 1. Through the ear, we must find the rising inflection is used, when questions access to the heart. 2. Hunger makes every kind are asked, that may be answered by yes, or of food acceptable. 3. Death is the finishing no; also, in cases of doubt and uncertainty: stroke in the picture of life. 4. The remembrance and that the falling inflection is used, when of labors performed, and difficulties overcome, is alquestions are asked that are not thus an- ways agreeable. 5. The labors of the student are swered; and in all cases of strong affirma- sweeter, the farther he proceeds; because his heart tion. Some authors seem not to have no is in them. 6. Always yield to the truth. 7. The ticed the distinction between a rising inflec-improvement of the mind is of the first importance. tion of the voice, and a simple suspension of it, when there is a continuation of the sense. Let us not rely too much on the inflections, to enable us to give variety, but on the different pitches of voice: the former gives artificial variety, and the latter, a

natural one.

8. Beware of going into the way of temptations:
many have been ruined, merely by looking on, to
see how others do. 9. Tricks and treachery are
the practice of fools. 10. The proper study of
mankind-is man. 11. Promote virtuous commu
nication. 12. An ape-is ridiculous by nature;
men-by art and study. 13. Flattery-is a very
fashionable art.

Nivernois was acquainted with the countess
Anecdote. Old Habits. The duke de
de Rochefort, and never omitted going to
see her a single evening. As she was a
widow and he a widower, one of his friends
observed to him, it would be more conven-
ient for him to marry that lady. "I have
often thought so,'
" said he, "but one thing
prevents me; in that case, where should
spend my evenings?"

Promises. If promises-from man to man have force, why not from man to woof their power, and they should not be inman? Their very weakness is the charter jured because they can't return it.

1.

351. 1. Accustom yourself to submit, on all occasions, (even in the most minute, as well as the most important circumstances in life,) to a small, present evil, to obtain a greater, distant good. This will give decision, tone, and energy to the mind; which, thus disciplined, will often reap victory-from defeat, and honor-from repulse. Having acquired this invaluable habit of rational preference, and just appreciation, start for the prize that endureth forever. 2. The man, whose house is on fire, criesFire! FIRE!! FIRE!!! with the falling inflection: but the roguish boy, who would raise a false alarm, cries, Firé, fire, firé, with the rising inflection. 3. This is an (5) open, (4) honorable challenge; why are What are the rights and duties of the fami Varieties. Educational Questions. you (6) silent? Why do you (5) prevarily, and of society at large, respecting the cate? I (6) insist upon this point; I (5) education of children? 2. To what sort and urge you to it: (4) prèss it; nay, I (3) de- degree of education can any human individmand-it. ual, as such, lay claim, independently of 352. The END, the CAUSE and the EFFECT, fortune, or any other distinction? 3. How are the three distinct things, which follow far should the education of a child be regu each other in regular and successive order; lated, according to his natural capacities, for every thing, in this world, and in the and how far should external circumstances other, proceeds according to these degrees: be permitted to affect it? 4. What are the hence, intelligence-properly consists in chief obstacles to a more general education knowing and distinguishing them, and see- of the poor; and what are 'he leading errors ing them in their order. Illustration: the committed in this greatest of all charities, end of man is the love of his will; for what so far as it extends at present? 5. What one loves, he proposes and intends: the are the chief errors committed in the educacause with him is the reason of the under- tion of the wealthier classes, and by what standing; for the end, by means of the rea- means can the education of both poor and son, seeks for mediates, or efficient causes: rich be made to produce, in the course of and the effect is the operation of the body time, a more harmonious state of society? from, and according to, them. When these 6. How far, hitherto, as christianity been three are exhibited in act, the end is inward- allowed to influence education, and by what ly in the cause, and thro' the cause in the means can the difficulties, arising from diseffect: wherefore, they co-exist in the effect.inctions among christians, be obviated in it? Hence, the propriety of judging every one- 7. Who will satisfactorily answer these im by his works; that is, by his fruits: for the portant questions? end, or the love of ine will, and the cause, or the reason of his understanding, are together in the effects; which three constitute the whole man.

Oh how poor
Seems the rich gift of genius, when it lies,
Like the advertuous bith, ma mai curlown
His strength upon the sea, ambition-wrecked-
A thing-the thrush might pity, as she sits,
Brooding in quiet, on ner lowly nest.

"From the birth

Of mortal man, the sov'reier Maker said,
That no: la numble, nor in brief delight,
Not in the fading echoes of renown,
Power's purple robes, nor pleasure's flowery lap,
The soul-can find enjoyment; but from these
Turning, disdainful, to ar equa, go,
Thro' all th' ascent of things-enlarge her view,
T every bound-at iength-shall disappear,
And infinite perfection-close the scene."

PRINCIPLES OF ELOCUTION.

Proverbs. 1. Perseverance-overcomes all 352. PRECEDING PRINCIPLES. The sooner the pupil begins to rely upon his own re-difficulties. 2. Instruction, by example, is quick sources and experience, the better; and he and effectual. 3. We are only in the morning should not forget, that he must make himself starlight of the arts and sciences. 4. Knowledge is an elocutionist. Hence, the importance of not obtained in a moment. 5. Apollo's bow-was his seeing, rationally, and feeling, in his in- not always bent. 6. Reason-is not the test of truth. 7. No one is so well qualified to rule, as most soul, the truth, or falsehood, of the truth: it is only the organ, through which we se he, who knows how to obey. 8. Beauty-is like principles here unfolding. Let every example be thoroughly mastered; and, to prevent the flower of spring: but virtue--is like the stars the growth of bad habits, in reading, speak of heaven. 9. Vain persons are fond of fine things ing and singing, let him often review; as 10. Respect, and contempt, spoil many a one. 11. well as pay special attention to the varieties Some-outlive their reputation. 12. When sorrow of illustration, that are to be found on every is asleep, wake it not. page.

-on the

Laconics. And what was it, fellow-citi353. 1. It is too late to urge objections-zens, which gave to our La Fayette his spotagainst universal education; for the fountains less fame? The love of liberty. What-has of the great deep-are broken up, and a consecrated his memory-in the hearts of flood of information, (4) theological, (5) scien- good men? The love of liberty. What-tific, (4) civil, and (6) literary, is carrying all nerved his youthful arm with strength, and before it; filling up the valleys, and scaling inspired him in the morning of his days, with the (6) MOUNTAIN-tops: a spirit of inquiry sagacity and counsel? The living love of liberty. To what-did he sacrifice power, has gone forth, and sits brooding 2. Music-should be cultivat- and country, and freedom itself? To the mind of man. ed, not as a mere sensual gratification; but, horror of licentiousness; to the sanctity of as a means of elevating, and improving the plighted faith; to the love of liberty protected by law. Thus, the great principle of your affections; ennobling, purifying, and exult3. Beware of a re-revolutionary fathers, of your pilgrim sires, ing, the whole man. morseless thirst for the acquisition of riches; the great principle of the age, was the rule of rather-than deliver up yourself in execrable his life: The love of liberty-protected by devotion to Mammon, mount the ladder of the most dangerous ambition,-even tho' it were planted on the precipice, and leaned against a cloud.

-includes

354. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY —

all theories and general views of government, with a description of the forms, and the principles on which they are founded, and the modes in which they are administered. This study rests on the basis of natural law, or justice; and therefore, presupposes a knowledge of ethics; it requires enlarged and elevated views of human nature, and the constitution of society; with the means by which virtue may be diffused, justice enforced, and order preserved throughout the community: it is alike important to the statesman, the legislator, and the private

citizen.

Anecdote. Howard's Opinion of Swear-
ers. As he was standing, one day, near the
door of a printing-office, he heard some
dreadful volleys of oaths and curses from a
public house opposite, and, buttoning his
pocket up before he went in the strect, he said
to the workmen near him, "I always do this
whenever I hear men swear, as I think that
any one, who can take God's name in vain,
can also steal, or do anything else that is bad."
Hope, of all passions, most befriends us here:
Passions of prouder name-befriend us less.
Joy-has her tears, and transport-has her death:
Hope, like a cordial, innocent, though strong,
Man's heart, at once, inspirits- and serenes.

law.

Varieties. 1. When a lady receives the addresses of a gentleman, who is in the ha bit of tippling, how is she to determine, to what extent his protestations should be set down to himself, and how much passed to the credit of ardent spirits? In other words, how much is of love, and how much of alcohol? Suppose she test it, by the pledge of total ab

stinence?

"Tis not the face,-'tis not the form,-
"Tis not the heart-however warm;
It is not these, tho' all combined,

That wins true love :-it is the mind

That Power, which made thee, (8) AND thy prophet,
Canst thou believe thy prophet,-(or, what is more.)
Will (with impunity,) let pass that breach
of sacred faith, given to the royal Greek?

How (3) poor! how (6) rich! how (4) abject!
How (9) august! how (4) complicate! how (2) wonderful is mana
Centered in his make-such strange extremes!
How (6) passing, He, who made him such! and
What can preserve my life? or what destroy?

Legions of angels-can't confine here.

My mother's voice! how often-creeps
Its cadence-o'er my lonely hours,
Like healing-sent on wings of sleep,
Or dew-to the unconscious flowers.
I can't forget her melting prayer,
Even while my pulses-madly fly;
And in the still, unbroken air,

An (6) angel's arm-can't snatch me tom my grave :

Her gentle tones come-stealing by,
And years, and sin, and manhood flee,
And leave me-at my mother's knee

L2

355. These Inflections may pass through | 2, 3, 5, or 8 notes, according to the intensity of the feeling. Ex. 1. "Do you say, that [1 I'3] can learn to sing! 2. Do you say that [1 I'5] can learn to sing? 3. What! do you say that [1 I'8] can learn to sing ?" Reverse the inflection; begin at the top, and go down. 4. He said [81] can learn to sing, not you'." Thus, you see that the voice may step up or down, by discrete degrees, or glide up and down, by continuous degrees. 5. To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied: (1) Art thou that (3) traitor (4) angel? (3) art thou he who first broke peace in heaven, and (6) faith, till then (8) UNBROKEN (9) BACK to thy punishment-false fugitive, and to thy speed add wings; lest with a whip of scorpions, I pursue thy ling'ring; or with one stroke of this dart, strange horror seize thee, and pangs unfelt before." In speaking this sentence, use all the eight notes.

356. In reading the first example, the voice glides from the first to the third note; because there is no feeling in reading the second, the voice glides from the first to the fifth note; because there is some feeling, and

consequent earnestness; and in the third example, the voice glides from the tonic, to the octave; because there is a great deal of feeling in the fourth example, the voice begins at the top, or eighth note, and glides down to the first; because there is a consequent change of thought and action. In the fifth example, the voice commences at 1, in a harsh tone, and goes on gradually ascending to angel; then it recedes, and then goes on rising still higher on faith, and highest on unbroken; when it begins to descend, in an unyielding and gradual way, to the close, in

a manner that no words can describe.

357. Do not the bees, (says Quintillian) extract honey from very different flowers and juices? Is it any wonder that Eloquence, (which is one of the greatest gifts heaven has given to man,) requires many arts to perfect it and tho' they do not appear in an oration, nor seem to be of any use, they nevertheless afford an inward supply of strength, and are silently felt in the mind: without all these a man may be eloquent, but I wish to form an orator; and none can be said to have all the requisites, while the smallest thing is wanting.

Proverbs. 1. An evil heart-can make ang doctrine faise. in its own view. 2. Bad books are fountains of vice. 3. Comply cheerfully, when necessity enjoins it. 4. Despair-blunts the edge of industry. 5. Double-dealing-is the index of a base spirit. 6. Every vice wars against nature. 7. Friendship-is often stronger than kindred Good intentions-will not justify evil actions. 9. tion. 10, Mental gifts-often hide bodily infirmiIn order to learn, we must pay undivided attenties. 11. Lawing-is very costly. 12. The world is his, who enjoys it. 13. Poverty-is often an

evil counsellor.

8.

Despotism. All despotism, whether usurped or hereditary, is our abhorrence. We regard it as the most grievous wrong and insult to the human race. But, towards the hereditary despot-we have more of compassion than indignation. Nursed and bro't up in delusion, worshiped from his cradle, never spoken to in the tone of fearless truth, taught to look on the great mass of his fellowpotism as a law of nature, and a necessary beings as an inferior race, and to regard des element of social life; such a prince, whose education and condition almost deny him the possibility of acquiring healthy moral feeling and manly virtue, must not be judged severety. Still, in absolving the despot-from much of the guilt, which seems at first, to attach to his unlawful and abused power, we do not the less account despotism a wrong and a ing. It cannot fall too soon. It has long curse. The time for its fall, we trust, is com enough wrung from the laborer his hard earnings; long enough squandered a nation's wealth on its parasites and minions; long enough warred against the freedom of the mind, and arrested the progress of truth. It has filled dungeons enough—with the brave and good, and shed enough of the blood of patriots. Let its end come. It cannot come too soon.

Varieties. 1. What is education, and what are the best means for obtaining it? 2. Why are diamonds valuable because of their scarcity? 3. Why are professional men indifferent poets? is it because, as the bounda ries of science enlarge, the empire of ima gination is diminished? 4. In what does true honor consist? 5. Tamerlane boasted that he governed men by four great arts: viz: bribery, amusement, dirersion, and suspense: are there no Tamalanes now, think Anecdote. Good Works. The Russian you? 6. Is there any alliance between geembassador at Paris, made the Abbe L'Epeenius and poverty? 7. If we leave the path a visit, and offered him a large sum of money through the munificence of the empress. The Abbe declined, saying, "I receive gold of no one; but if the empress will send me deaf and dumb person to educate, I shall consider it a more flattering mark of distinction."

of duty, shall we not be liable to run into the path of danger? 8. Are there not some, who would make void the word of God, by their own traditions? 9. Is it not a most important part of a teacher's duty, to imbue the minds of his pupils, with the love of all goodness and truth?

358. The Inflections have great influence | Proverbs. 1. The best way to see Divine 2. The proudin expressing, or perverting the sense, ac-light-is to put out our own. cording as they are correctly or incorrectly shall be abased; but the humble—shall be exalted. made. 1. In the retirement of a COLLEGE 3. As long as you and truth agree, you will do -I am unable to suppress evil thoughts; how well. 4. No one is born for himself alone, but difficult then, to do it, amidst the world's for the world. 5. Rely not too much on the temptations! 2. The man who is in the torches of others; light one of your own. 6. daily use of ardent (6) spirits, (4) if he Divest yourself of envy, and lay aside all unkind should not become a (3) drunkard, (6) is feelings. 7. If youth knew what age would in danger of losing his (5) health, and (6) speaker, without energy, is like a lifeless statue. character. The rising inflection on drunkard, 9. Deep-and intense feeling-lie at the root of would imply that he must become one, to eloquence. 10. Condemn no one, without a canpreserve his health and character. did hearing. 11. Think more, and speak less. 12. Follow the dictates of reason.

359. Apply the principles to the following, according to the feelings and thoughts, and their objects. 1. But (5) mercy—is (6) above this sceptred sway; (4) it is enthroned-in the (5) hearts of kings; it is an (6) attribute--(1) of God himself.

Love, hope, and joy, fair Pleasure's smiling train;
Hate, fear, and grief, the family of Pain;

These, mixed with art, aud to due bounds confined,
Make and maintain the balance of the mind.
He knew-

How to make madness-beautiful, and cast,
(O'er erring deeds, and thoughts,) a heavenly hue
Of words, like sunbeams, dazzling (as they passed,)
The eyes, which o'er them shed tears, feelingly, and fast.
Thy words-had such a melting flow,

crave,

it would both crave and save.

8. A

Half-Murder. That father, says the learned Baudier, who takes care to feed and clothe his son, but neglects to give him such accomplishments as befit his capacity and rank in life, is more than half his murderer; since he destroys the better part, and but con tinues the other to endure a life of shame. Of all the men we meet with, nine out of ten are what they are, good or evil, useful or noi, by their education; it is that, which makes the great difference in mankind: the little, or almost insensible, impressions on our tender infancy, have very important and lasting consequences.

And spoke of truth--so sweetly well, Varieties. 1. Send your son into the They dropped-(like heaven's serenest snow,) And all was (6) brightness,-where they fell. world with good principles, good habits, and a good education, and he will work his way. 360. INDUCING DISEASE. There is no doubt, that the seed of a large number of dis- 2. How absurd to be passionate yourself, and eases are sown in childhood and youth; and expect others to be placid. 3. Why is swearespecially in our progress in obtaining what ing--like a ragged coat? because it is a is called, an EDUCATION. The bad habits of very bad habit. 4. Can there be any virtue, position in and out of school, and our un- without true piety? 5. Why is rebellionhealthy mode of living, contribute very es-like dram-drinking? because it is inimical sentially to the promotion of various diseases; to the constitution. 6. Why do white sheep particularly, dyspepsia, liver and lung com--furnish more wool than black ones? beplaints, and headaches. Hence, we cannot cause there are more of them. 7. Why is one be too watchful against sitting in a crooked position, nor too prudent in eating, drinking, and sleeping, as well as in our clothing, and our lodging apartments. Let us put forth every effort in the performance of our luties, be they physical, intellectual, or moral. Anecdote. A Swiss Retort. A French afficer, quarrelling with a Swiss, reproached aim with his country's vice of fighting on either side for money; "while we French-I men," said he, "fight for honor." "Yes, sir," replied the Swiss, "every one fights for that he most wants."

Callc1 a blessing to inherit,
Bless, and richer blessings merit:
Give, and more shall yet be given:
Love, and serve, and look for Heaven.

Would being end-with our expiring breath,
How soon misfortune would be puffed away!
A trifling shock-shrives us to the dust;
But the existence-of the immortal soul,
Faturity's dark road-perplexes still.

who is led astray, like one who is governed
by a girl? Do you give it up? because he
is misled, (Miss-led.) 8. Ought there not to
be duties on imported goods, to encourage
domestic manufactures? 9. Are not physics
and metaphysics inseparably joined if so,
what is the connecting link? 10. Is it right,
under any circumstance, to marry for money?
11. Is it right to imprison for debt?
can find comfort-in the words and looks
Of simple hearts and gentle souls; and I
Can find companionship-in ancient books,

When, lonely, on the grassy hills I lie,
Under the shadow-of the tranquil sky;

I can find music-- in the rushing brooks,
Or in the songs, wh ch dwell among the trees,
And come in snatches-on the summer breeze.
I can find treasure-in the leafy showers,
Which, in the merry autumn time, will fall;
And I can find strong lore-in beds and flowers,
And beauty in the moonlight's silent hours;

There's nothing, nature gives, can fail to picase
For there's a common joy- pervading all