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The imagery of this Seal explanatory of the nature of the slaughter perpetrated under the Fourth Seal

It exhibits the Church as apparently extirpated

The white robes given to the Martyrs are a symbol of the improved condition of the Church in consequence of the Reformation

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ib.

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A Great Earthquake

The symbols of this Seal explained

It describes the general consternation at the arrival of the day of wrath
Passages cited from Joel, St. Matthew, and St. Luke, descriptive of the

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This Seal is incongruously referred, by Mede and others, to the events of the reign of Constantine

The Sixth Seal relates to the final Revolution before the second advent

Reasons against this interpretation

These reasons confirmed by the authority of Vitringa

It is the same revolution as that of the seventh trumpet and seventh vial
This interpretation confirmed by the authority of the Ancients
The Sixth Seal commenced at the French Revolution

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The whole of the seventh chapter of the Apocalypse belongs to the Sixth
Seal

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A question-what is to become of the Church of Christ in the awful convulsions of this Seal

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The visions of Rev. vii. contain an answer to this question

ib.

ib.

39

Four angels holding the four winds, and an angel with the Seal of God
The place of this vision in Apocalyptic Chronology.

ib.

ib.

This vision illustrated by one in the ninth of Ezekiel

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The vision fulfilled in the pacification of Europe by the confederacy of

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Followed by a most extensive circulation of Scriptures

After an interval, the earthquake shall be renewed, and the sealed servants of God miraculously delivered

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Vitringa quoted in support of this interpretation

And Mr. Canning's speech in the House of Commons on 12th Dec., 1826

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All the efforts of the leading Governments of Europe still directed to pre

serve peace

The winds are yet held

Signs of the near approach of the hurricane

Vision of white robed palm bearers

It denotes the translation of the Church into her millennial rest

The chronology of this vision ascertained

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It relates to our Lord's Kingdom, predicted in Daniel vii.

At his second coming

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The application of this vision to the times of Constantine shown to be false 58 Recapitulatory view of the import of first six seals

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And further arguments for its truth

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Seven Angels, to whom were given Seven Trumpets.

The Trumpets contain an account of the revolutions of the Roman Em

An Angel offers incense-fire cast on the earth

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pire till it is destroyed

This fire an emblem of the wrath of God.

The earthquake which follows is the Revolution in the time of Constantine

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CHAPTER V.

THE FIRST FOUR TRUMPETS

The subject of them is the partial destruction of a symbolical universe
The Trumpets cannot relate to the Church.

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But must be applied exclusively to secular objects
The first four trumpets generally applied to the overthrow of the Western
Empire by the Goths-this interpretation adopted

In the year 376 the Visigoths admitted into the Empire

They defeat and slay the Emperor, Valens, and desolate the provinces
The first Trumpet sounded at this invasion in 376 .

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The second period of the Gothic invasions was in 395
Alaric invades Greece.

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Italy invaded by Alaric and Radagaisus-Rome sacked
Gaul invaded by the barbarians, and afterwards Spain
The Roman empire in Africa subverted by Genseric

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The third period of the irruptions of the northern nations begin in 441
Attila invades the Eastern Empire-afterwards Gaul, where he is defeat-

ib.

ed-and Italy

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These invasions were the fulfilment of the third trumpet
The sounding of the Fourth Trumpet

Rome taken by Genseric in 455 .

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ib.

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ib.

The Imperial Government subverted by Odoacer in 476
Remarks in confirmation of the foregoing interpretation of the first four

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trumpets. Observations on the third part of the symbols which is affected in these Trumpets

Concluding remarks on the symbols of these Trumpets

CHAPTER VI.

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· 95

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ib.

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ib.

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THE FIFTH TRUMPET, OR THE FIRST WOE
Denunciation of Three Woes-and the purposes of this denunciation
The Locusts of this Trumpet are the Saracens under Mahummud
The symbolical star-the smoke-the darkening of the sun and air explained
The fallen star was the Bishop of Rome

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Remarks on the symbol of the Locust army, as applicable to the rise of
the Mahommedan religion and power
State of the Christian Church when they appeared-testimony of Gibbon 103
The other particulars of the description of the Locusts

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The smoke from whence they issued was not the false religion of Mahum

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A voice from the golden altar to loose the four angels bound in the River
Euphrates

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This Trumpet relates to the overthrow of the Eastern Empire by the

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The opinion of Mede as to the Four Angels rejected

The right explanation of these Angels proposed

Remarks on the expression "the hour, and day, and month, and year"
The slaughter of a third part of the men signifies the overthrow of the
Eastern Empire

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The description of the armies of the Four Angels considered

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Concluding remark on the accomplishment of the first Six Trumpets

117

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A prophetic intimation at the close of the Sixth Trumpet

ib.

A mighty Angel descends with a little book-the Angel is our Lord
This descent belongs to the time of the end

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Reason of the circumstances which follow our Lord's descent
His crying with a loud voice-seven thunders

Meaning of the expression that there should be time no longer
What is signified by the little book

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What is intended by the Apostle eating the book

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CHAPTER IX.

THE TWO WITNESSES

The Apostle commanded to measure the temple

An analysis of the different compartments of the temple, and their symbolical signification

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The compartments which the Apostle was commanded to measure, were the holy place, and the court of the Priests, with the altar

Meaning of this measurement

Why the court without the temple is left out

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The two Witnesses are the true spiritual church

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Testimony of Gibbon as to the accomplishment of this prophecy
The Witnesses are slain by the Beast-they rise and ascend to heaven
Chronological argument, to show that the death and resurrection of the
Witnesses are past.

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They were accomplished in the events which followed the dissolution of the Smalcaldic league

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Spiritual state of Europe at the commencement of the sixteenth century
The preaching of Luther begun in the year 1517

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Progress of the Reformation till the formation of the league of Smalcalde

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The Emperor Charles V. takes the field against the Protestants
The League falls to pieces-the Elector of Saxony defeated at Muhlberg
The Interim presented to the Diet of Augsburg on 15th May, 1548-the
Emperor procures its reception

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The Protestants are compelled to submit, and their worship suppressed
The death of the Witnesses was at the promulgation of the Interim in

144

1548

ib.

Maurice of Saxony takes arms for the Protestant cause
Marches towards Upper Germany-Charles V. flies

The Treaty of Passau restores liberty to the Protestants, and secures to
them equal privileges with the Catholics

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These events answer to the revival of Witnesses, and their ascension into heaven

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The Reformation, and the events which followed it, were this revolution
The tenth part of the city which fell in it was England

ib.

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The last shock of the earthquake was at the English Revolution of 1688 The passing away of the Second Wo is the chronological mark to distinguish the Apocalyptic period of the death of Witnesses

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THE SOUNDING OF THE SEVENTH TRUMPET

Passage from Mede, to show that the succession of the Four Kingdoms of Daniel constitutes the great kalendar of prophecy

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The great importance of ascertaining the place of the Seventh Trumpet
in this kalendar
Scriptural argument to prove that the sounding of the Seventh Trumpet
takes place at the coming of the Ancient of Days, Dan. vii. 9.
The Seventh Trumpet includes in it the establishment of the Kingdom
of God on earth—but dreadful judgments are first to be executed
It includes in it the judgment of the quick and dead.
At the sounding of the Seventh Trumpet the Temple of God is opened in
Heaven

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This opening of the Temple marks the place of the Seven Apocalyptic
Vials, and shows that they belong to the Seventh Trumpet
The lightnings, voices, and thunderings-the earthquake and hail consi-
dered

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They are the same as the similar phenomena of the Seventh Vial
The Seventh Trumpet sounded at the fall of the French monarchy in 1792
Five Propositions stated in reference to the sounding of the Seventh
Trumpet

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A sixth Proposition as to the identity of this Trumpet with that of the
Archangel who accompanies our Lord at his descent
Corollary that the Seventh Trumpet sounds twice
Importance of this conclusion towards establishing the Apocalyptic har-

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ib.

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The 1260 years expire also at the sounding of the Seventh Trumpet

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ib. 176

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