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entertaining anecdotes of the valour, exploits, and bons mots of the Knights of the Order in question.

VI. L'Esprit des Croisades, &c. i. e. The Spirit of the Croifades, or a Political and Military History of the Wars undertaken by the Chriftians for the Recovery of the Holy Land out of the Hands of Mahometans, during the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Centuries. 8vo. Paris. 1780.There is a great deal of hiftorical information in this Work with refpect to the details of a war, dictated by fuperftitious ferocity, abfurd in its principles and yet, in the wisdom of Providence, the fource of many advantages, which the bigotted combatants neither proposed by it, nor expected from it. The Hiftory of the Croifades, by F. Maimbourg, has got deep into the cell of oblivion; and the work before us will fink it still deeper, though the latter (whofe Author feems to be both a philofopher and a critic) is rather defective in pomt of ftyle.

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VII. Introduction et Plan d'un Traité General de Navigation Interieure, &c. i. e. The Introduction and Plan of a General Treatife of Inland Navigation, more especially in France; together with Confiderations on Forefts, Woods, and other Ob jects fufceptible of Improvement by the Means of new Communications. To thefe is fubjoined, a Treatife of Tolls and Turnpikes, in which, after a Demonftration of the Advantages that would refult from their Suppreffion, a Plan of Indemnification is propofed. By M. ALLEMAND, Ancient Keeper of the Forefts in the Inland of Corfica. 8vo. Paris. 1780. This useful and inftructive Work, notwithstanding its modeft title, contains all the ideas and materials that might be expected in a complete and finished treatise. It is divided into three Sections. In the first we find an ample description of inland navigation; also an account of the works and projects relative to this object, which have been executed in ancient times, or are at prefent carried on in Europe, Afia, and other parts of the world. In the second fection, M. Allemand follows the inland navigation in France from province to province, defcribes each river, canal, and aqueduct, and fhews what has been done, and what is ftill to do, relative to this important object. This leads him to an ample field of difcution and enquiry, in which the difficulties that may attend a circuitous navigation, by canals of communication between the great rivers, are particularly confidered, the methods of removing them propofed, the advantages that must refult from this navigation to the internal ftate and commerce of the different provinces, and to the commerce of the nation, in general, clearly unfolded, the abufes practifed on the rivers and canals, and the methods of remedying them accurately pointed out, and

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a multitude of other questions examined, which are connected with this interefting fubject. He obferves, among other things, that the forefts in France are capable of furnishing the Royal marine with a quantity of ship-timber and mafts, that render the importation of this commodity unneceffary, and are equal in quality to that which is procured from the north at a great expence. He tells us alfo, that the Lariccio pine, or larch of Corfica is of the fame nature and utility with that which sis ufed in the Royal docks, and that the pretended difficulty of tranfporting this timber is one of thofe pretexts by which private intereft fo often defeats the plans that are formed for public good. In the third fection M. ALLEMAND lays down a plan of adminiftration and conduct in this branch of political ceconomy, which he thinks adapted to promote and fecure the establishment of an inland and circulating navigation with all its advantages. To render more intelligible the operations propofed and recommended in this excellent and useful work, the Author has compofed a general chart of the rivers and the internal circulating navigation of France, particular charts of each province, a great number of plates, reprefenting fluices, flood-gates, aqueducts, dykes, and other inftruments and works of an hydraulic nature, of which there are feveral that have been lately invented, and have met with the approbation of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris. The whole of this work is not yet published, but the remainder will foon appear; and as inland navigation is one of the most important objects of political economy, as it promotes population, gives a vivifying spirit to agriculture, animates commerce, and is a natural and perpetual fupport to maritime navigation and foreign trade, a work of this kind must be well received in all countries.

VIII. Avis aux Citoyens fur les Caufes, les divers Caractères, et les vrais Remedes de l'Aveuglement, de la Surdité, et des Principaux Accidens Veneriens, &c. i. e. Advice to the Public relative to the Caufes, the various Characters and Symptoms, and the true Remedies of Blindness, Deafnefs, and the principal Venereal Symptoms. To which are added, important Obfervations concerning the Property, as yet little known, of certain Means, equally fpeedy, fimple, and effectual, of adminiftering Succour in the following Cafes: ft, In reftoring to Life ftill-born Children, Perfons drowned, and those who have been fuffocated by the Vapours of Coal, Mephitic Exhalations, &c.-2dly, In

Our Author, after comparing together the qualities of the Corfican Lariccio with the Northern, obferves, that a larch of the largest fize, imported from the North, costs the French 4000 livres (about 200 pounds), whereas the price of a Corfican larch of the fame dimensions amounts only to 1500 livres (about 75 pounds).

curing the Dropfy, even in Cafes the moft feemingly defperate. -3dly, In affuaging the too violent Pains of Child-birth, rendering fupportable Fits of the Gout, Cholic, and Rheumatifm, calming the dreadful Pains of the Cancer, &c. By M. ANDREW, M. D. Profeffor of Phyfic and Surgery in the Univerfity of Montpellier. Paris. 1780.The title of this fmall Work fhews fufficiently its contents, and the reputation of its Author is a prefumptive argument in favour of its merit. There are fome new difcoveries in this publication which deferve the attention of practitioners; and remedies already known are applied by our Author to cafes in which they have not been hitherto employed.

IX. Principes d'Hydraulique, &c. i. e. The Principles of Hydraulics or a Treatife concerning the Motion of Water in Rivers, Canals, and Conduit-pipes-the Origin of Rivers, and the Formation of their Beds-the Effects of Sluices, Bridges, and Refervoirs-the Collifion of Water-and finally, concerning Navigation, both in Rivers and in narrow Canals. By the Chevalier BUAT, Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerufalem, of the Royal and Military Order of St. Lewis, &c. 8vo. with Seven Plates. Paris. 1780. Price 6 livres (i. e. about 5 fhillings.This is undoubtedly a mafterly performance. The Author indeed does not offer it to the public as a complete treatife of Hydraulics, but rather as an illuftration of fuch branches and parts of that fcience as are of general utility. The theory here laid down, and illuftrated in the most interefting manner, is new in feveral refpects, and the modesty of the Author is equal to his profound knowledge of the subject

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X. Oeuvres de M. Bofe d'Antic, &c. i. e. The Works of M. BOSE D'ANTIC, M. D. King's Phyfician, Correspondent of the Royal Academy of Sciences, &c. 2 vols. 12mo. with Cuts. Paris. 1780. This learned and ingenious phyfician (in the twofold fenfe of that word) is well known in the philofophical world; and the work before us will not diminish the reputation he has obtained by the perfpicuity and precision of his reafoning, the analytical fpirit that accompanies his refearches, and the ufeful difcoveries in which they have frequently terminated.-The firft volume of this work contains a Preliminary Differtation on the ufeful Arts, followed by fix Memoirs. The first treats of the caufe of the bubbles that are often found in glafs :-thefe are produced, according to our Author, by falt of glafs, vitriolated tartar, Glauber's falt, and marine falt. The Jecond treats of the causes of the bubbles or cavities in metals caft, or in fufion; which proceed, as our Author has proved by a feries of interefting experiments, from a vapour that is emitted (by the matter of which the mould and

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the bafon are compofed) at the very inftant of the combustion occafioned by the metal in fufion. The fubject of the third Memoir (which obtained the prize propofed by the Academy of Sciences at Paris in the year 1760) is the improvement of the Art of making Glafs; in which we find an exact account of the ftate of that manufacture in Europe, of the furnaces and inftruments employed in it, of the true compofition of earths, and of the materials that are the moft vitrifiable; nor does our Author forget to pafs in review the different arts that depend upon this one. The fourth piece contains notes on the preceding Memoir, which are diftributed into twenty chapters, and comprehend a multitude of objects relative to this curious and interefting art; fuch are, among others, its antiquity, its progrefs in England and France, the nature of earths ufed in the conftruction of melting furnaces and crucibles,-the fufibility of the different kinds of fand, -the nature and origin of quartz,-the properties and fophiftication of pot-afh, its decompofition by calcination and diffolution,-the nature, properties, and dying quality of manganefe, a new theory of Pruffian blue, the nature of glafs, and the vitrifying principle, &c. The fifth Memoir contains Obfervations on the Manufacture of Earthen-ware. In the fixth the Author exhibits an analysis of the Electrical Fluid, in order to discover its true nature; and proves, by a great number of experiments, that the electrical matter is nothing more than the colouring principle, or the phlogifton modified by the phofphoric acid.

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The SECOND VOLUME contains Ten Differtations or Letters. The 1ft treats of the falfe emerald of Auvergne, in which our Author has difcerned all the characters of a fufible spar; and proves, that these chryftallizations derive their phosphoric quality from the colouring principle (highly attenuated and volatile) with which they are tinged. This difcovery fhews the advantages that may be derived from fubftituting the fufible fpar to calx in the compofition of glafs. The 2d contains an Analysis of the hot Baths of Chaudes Aigues; the 3d, Obfervations on the Crucibles of Auvergne; and the 4th, confiderations on the art of affaying Mines by fire. The 5th is a Letter concerning af phyxies, which our ingenious naturalift attributes to the ftagnation of mephitic air in the lungs. He is one of the first who recommended the ufe of the fpirit of fal volatile in thefe cafes, without reprobating the application of other known remedies. He proves, in a curious note, that the volatile alcali neither acts as a neutralizer nor as a stimulant. The 6th and 7th are letters of a medical nature, addreffed to the authors of the Gazette de la Santé. The 8th contains a critical examination of the experiments that have been made on felenitic and vitreous Spars; the 9th, Obfervations on the manufacture and commerce of pot

ah; and the 10th treats of the working of table glass in the manner practifed in Bohemia. The 11th Differtation contains Refearches concerning the material cause of the plague and epidemical diforders, The 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th are thus intitled: Memoir concerning the Fire- Manufactures * in France,-à plain and eafy Method of improving the Commerce of Bourdeaux,-Obfervations on the Evaporation of Water thrown upon Glafs in fufion, an Extract of the excellent Memoir of Mr. Bergman concerning Fixed Air,-the Art of curing Hernias. The 17th Memoir is a masterly piece on a fubject almost new, and of the greatest confequence to the improvement both of the theory and practice of medicine: it treats of the different ftates of the ACID in the animal œconomy. It appears from the difquifitions of our Author on this curious fubject, that one and the fame acid in the folids and fluids of animals is found in the following different modifications,-in the concrete ftate of the greateft fixation-in a glutinous state, and of the greatest fixation-in a state of fufion or liquidity, and of a greater fixation than the water in which it is diffolved-in a ftate entirely fixed, though virtually elaftic-in an actual state of elafticity, and an inflammable state. It is fingular, that all these different ftates fhould be modifications of the fame acid, and that this acid fhould be none of the three mineral ones. The 18th Memoir treats of the nature and cause of the different kinds of Glassgall, which is a fort of faline fcum or mafs found in glafshouse-pots upon the furface of the melted glafs, and which the French call graiffes de verre. The 19th and laft piece in this fecond volume contains a plain method of claffing the various kinds of iron, hitherto known, and alfo of judging of the purity and goodness of iron and fteel by the touch alone.

XI. Metrologie, ou Traité des Mefures, Paids, et Monnoies, des Anciens Peuples et des Modernes i. e. Metrology, or a Treatife of the Measures, Weights, and Coins, of Ancient and Modern Nations, By M. PAUCTON. Paris. 1780. 962 pages in 4to.This great Work, in which the most profound and extenfive erudition is employed upon a very important object of legiflation, is the refult of the long and laborious researches of Meffrs de la Lande, Tillet, and PAUCTON; and, notwithstanding the merit and reputation of the treatifes of Arbuthnot and Chriftiani, will undoubtedly be efteemed the most complete and accurate work of its kind. Measures are the rule of juftice, which ought never to vary, and the fafeguard of property, which must be always facred. In ancient times, according to our Author, they were not the effects of caprice or hazard, as they are among us, but were formed, on the con

. . Thole that are worked by fire.

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