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power of air as a substitute for steam is attended with an economy and advantage hitherto unequalled.

4th. That the power of the engine in one instance is applied directly and also indirectly, alternately, with or without the intervention of exterior wheels: and in the other indirectly, solely by the pressure of the atmosphere and the gravity of the water, without the intervention of wheels or other exterior instruments.

5th. A boat which unites economy and convenience in an eminent degree.

Circumstances have hurried me into the matters now given to the public, and

it is very probable many inaccuracies may exist, or important facts have escaped due notice. If I find any, it will be endeavoured to correct them in the next number of this Magazine.

Fully convinced in my own mind of the practicability and utility of the whole arrangement, not only as to the propulsion of vessels, but as applied to all mechanical purposes where motion and force is required. I have taken measures to obtain a right of patent in England, France, Germany, and Russia. JOHN I. STAPLES. Flushing, 25th June, 1818.

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References.

A. The boat divested of part of its deck and side to show the works.

B. B. The horizontal trunks under the bottom of the boat.

C. The cylinder of the steam-engine in its modified state.

D. The air or condensing pump.
E. The receiver.

F. F. The perpendicular trunk at the side of the vessel in which the plungers act, including the contractors.

G. The piston-rod of the engine with its toothed end.

H. H. The shape and cross bar or pallet between the teeth of the rack.

I. I. The cranks attached to the piston ends of the air pump, condenser, reAceiver, and plungers, &c.

K. M. The furnace with two small forcing pistons to keep up the fire, and also to discharge the smoke into water near the side of the vessel.

L. The forcing pistons in the chimnies or smoke funnels.

N. N. The upright sliding valves in the submersed trunks to regulate the motion of the boat.

N. B. The piston, rods, &c. are elevated above the deck for the purpose of explanation. The "contractors" are not shown.

ART. 10. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

DOMESTIC.

entitled, The Tribunal of the People, and of Gentlemen.

DODGE & SAYRE, ofreatise on the National Inquisitor; edited by a Society

on the

propose to publish A Atonement. By Edward D. Griffin, D. D. of Newark, N. J.

Proposals have been issued for publishing in the City of Washington, a new periodical paper, (three times a week) to be

A seventh newspaper is commenced in the county of Ontario, and proposals are issued for the eighth.

TANNER, VALLANCE, KEARNY & Co. engravers, Philadelphia, propose to pub

lish a new and elegant American Atlas. The materials for the general maps have been selected and arranged by the late JOHN H. EDDY, of this city.

The Rev. J. W. GIBBS, of Andover, Mass. has "translated from the HebrewGerman," and will shortly publish, the Hebrew Lexicon of W. Gesenius, D. D. Professor of Theology at Halle, Germany. JAMES EASTBURN & Co. will speedily publish Dialogues in Chemistry, by the Rev. J. Joice. From the third London edition, corrected and very much enlarged, with an account of all the late discoveries, and additional notes by an American Professor of Chemistry.

SAMUEL W. CLARK, Hudson, N. Y. has published The Life, Deeds and Opinions of Dr. MARTIN LUTHER. Faithfully translated from the German of John Frederick William Fischer, Superintendent at Plawen in Saxony. By John Kortz. With an Appendix.

P. W. GALLAUDET, N. Y. has published The Art of Swimming. Accompanied with illustrative plates. By J. Frost.

COLLINS & Co. New-York, have published Phillips's Mineralogy, with notes and additions on American Articles, by Professor Mitchill.

URI K. HILL, of the American Conservatory, New-York, has published his sacred duetto, Praise ye the Lord. Adapted to the piano forte.

The NEW-YORK LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY has limited the number of its honorary and resident members, A Society has been lately established in Baltimore, denominated the "Newtenian Society of Maryland." The attention of this Association is directed to Natural History.

A Medical Society has been established at New-Orleans: The Medical Society of Louisiana. The learned Dr. Trabuc is president, and M. Gerardin, secretary. Professor Mitchill has been elected a corresponding member.

Agricultural Societies in this state are increasing. One was organized in West Chester county on the 6th of June, 1818. John, Jay Esq. is president, and William Jay, secretary.

Professor CLEAVELAND, of Bowdoin College, has been elected an honorary member of the Wernerian Society

in Scotland.

DR. BREWSTER'S Optical Instrument, the Kaleidoscope, (see the Monthly Magazine for May, p. 63) has been imitated, and improved, by a gentleman in this city.

THE REV. F. C. SCHAEFFER has dis

covered an excellent quality of Compact Peat in this state. On this subject he read a paper before the Lyceum of Natural History.

JOHN H. TILGE, late from Leipsic in Germany, and now a resident in the city of Washington, has discovered a mode of stiffening hats, by which they are made water-proof. Hats made in this way are as soft, light and pliable as any other.

W.PURNELL, Elkton, Md. has obtained a patent "for the invention of a Horizontal and Perpendicularly Moving Water-Wheel."

JOHN D. WESTON has opened "a New Modelled School" in Philadelphia.

In a letter, dated Liverpool, 5th mo. (May) 7th, 1818, Professor GRISCOM writes to his friend THOMAS EDDY, Esq. of this city:

"We had with us at Rathbone's a sailor of the name of SCOTT, who was six years a prisoner among the Arabs. He saw Capt. RILEY, he says, ten or twelve miles from Mogadore. His story will be published.”.

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M. RENOUARD, Paris, has circulated a specimen of a new edition of Voltaire's Works, in 60 volumes 8vo. with 160 engravings.

A new volume of the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Belles Lettres and Arts, of Pistoja, Italy, has recently appeared.

The first volume of ROSENMÜLLER'S Morgenland, &c. has lately been published at Leipsic. The East, Ancient and Modern, or Illustrations of Holy Scripture, derived from the Nature of the Country, the Conditions, Manners and Usages of the East.

JOHN WHITAKER, London, publishes in numbers, The Seraph; a Collection of Sacred Music, suitable to Public or Private Devotion. Consisting of the most celebrated Psalm and Hymn Tunes, with Selections from the Works of Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Pleyel, &c. &c. To which are added, many original Pieces.

FISCHER, of Schaffhausen, (Germany)

has succeeded, by means of powerful heat, in obtaining regulus of Manganese with great facility. It promises to become highly useful in the arts.

EDMUND DAVY, Chemist, and Secretary to the Cork Institution, has made experiments on the Composition of the Atmospheric Air in the most infected Wards of the Fever Hospital of that City. It contained precisely the same quantity of oxygen gas, 21 per cent. as enters into the constitution of the most exposed and free air.

Professor BERZELIUS, of Stockholm, has discovered a new metal, which, from its resemblance to tellurium, he has called selenium. It possesses some properties of tellurium, and also of sulphur.

ARVEDSON, a young Swedish chemist, has discovered a new fixed alkali, in a new mineral, called petalite. In its great capacity for saturating acids, it surpasses magnesia.

Dr. WEIGEL, of Dresden, has undertaken a journey into Italy, for literary purposes.

ART. 11. RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

THE Rev. Dr. Steinkopff, one of the secretaries of the British and Foreign Bible Society, writes to his correspondent in this city:" lately we received highly pleasing letters and accounts from seveveral Roman Catholic Clergymen. One of them has distributed since last March, (1817) forty-thousand new Testaments."

The following extract of a letter from the treasurer of the British and Foreign School Society, to Thomas Eddy of NewYork, is highly interesting, and may fitly be introduced under this head, inasmuch as the Lancasterian system of education seems destined to become the most efficient coadjutor of Christianity in meliorating the condition of man. Under date of March 27th, 1818, the treasurer writes:

"We have got the Lancasterian system adopted among the Protestants in the south of France, whom I visited last summer, and the result has been truly gratifying, so that I am constantly receiving letters from them, announcing the establishment of new schools; two years ago the great mass of poor children of Protestants in France, were without any education at all; but if things go on as they do at present, there is reason to hope that in two years more most of them will be receiving instruction. We have just established the system at Madrid with the sanction of the king of Spain; also on the continent of Europe pretty generally. They now have it also in Christophe's part of Hayti, and I find by recent letters from Thomas Bosworth, a young man whom we sent to Petion, that it is now likely to be established on that side of the Island.

In the East and West Indies it is making great progress, and in short it appears to be a great work of Divine Providence to prepare the way for an amelioration of the state of man-any details of the progress of this cause among you, will interest us very much.

"We should be glad to have every new account which is published of the state of your prisons; the public attention among us is at length roused to this most interesting and important subject. Our committee is now presenting plans to government for a Reformatory for 600 boys, which we think combines all the excellencies of the very best constructed prisons in any part of the world. The cost of the building would be about 50,000l.-the expence of each prisoner about 20l. per head, without any reference to earnings, which would make a considerable deduction.What does each prisoner cost the state with you?

"Since Senegal and Goree have been ceded to the French, the slave trade, in all its horrors, has been revived on that part of the coast, and several cargoes have been dispatched. We have remonstrated with the French government, and the commandant of Goree has been recalled. We are in hopes of prevailing with the French to concede the right of search, as the Spaniards and the Dutch have done; and seeing that this would be reciprocal, I should think that America would not object; the best of all would be for the great powers to declare it piracy, for as long as it can be covered by any flag, this murderous business will be carried on."

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ART. 13. MONTHLY SUMMARY OF POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE.

EUROPE.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

THE duke of Clarence has determined to persevere in marrying the princess of Saxe Meinungen, notwithstanding the refusal of the House of Commons to grant him an annual stipend, provided the princess does not decline the connexion.

The marriage of the duke of Kent with the princess dowager of Leinengan, is announced in the Frankfort Gazette of the 18th, in an authentic shape, as being positively decided upon. It is added, "that privy counsellor baron Von Schonitz is gone to Stutgard, in order to make some arrangements on this subject, as has also the British ambassador to the court of Wirtemberg." The duke of Cambridge was married to the princess of Hesse Cassel, on the 7th of May.

For the fourteen years previous to the suspension of specie-payments by the Bank of England, there were but four prosecutions for forgeries of the notes of the Bank; but during the fourteen years immediately succeeding, there were 496: the reason is traced to the great issue of small notes, consequent upon the suspension.

A great public work is going on at Plymouth, called a Break-water, the object of which is the protection of vessels in port from the storms of the Atlantic. On this work $2,000,000 have been expended, and $700,000 more are requisite for its comple

tion.

The extracting of pot-ash from potatoestalks has commenced in Ireland, and promises to become a most valuable article of trade in that part of the United Kingdom. It is calculated that 350,000 acres of land are annually cultivated with potatoes there. These would produce 46,875 tons of pot-ash, which at 207. per ton, would amount to 937,500l. per annum.

The amount of sovereigns issued last year was 3,224,0257.; half sovereigns, 1,037, 2951. Total, 4,261,8207.-Silver: half crowns 1,125, 6301.; shillings 2,458,5661.; sixpences 657,1621. Total, 4,241,2581.-Grand total of gold and silver, 8,502,6787.

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prison, where he has been languishing for eighteen months, a brave and meritorious officer, Colonel Fernando, solely for being supposed a free-mason.

Mr. Meade has been released from prison by the Spanish government.

GERMANY.

An ancient law has been revived in the electorate of Hesse, denying to self-murderers the privilege of burial, and delivering up their bodies for dissection, on account of the frequency of suicide at the present time.

The following are the persons chosen to form the military committee of the German diet:-The Imperial Austrian minister, president of the diet, count Buol Schauenteen; the Prussian minister, count Vander Coltz; the Bavarian minister, baron Van Aretin; the Hanoverian minister, M. Von Matens; the Wertenberg minister, baron Wangensheine; the Danish minister for Holstein and Lauenberg, count Gyben; and the minister of Mecklenburgh, baron Van Plossin.

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THE IONIAN ISLES.

Gibraltar papers received at Boston, mention, that in pursuance of the peace at Paris, the first legislature of the United States of the Ionian Isles, had been convened and had unanimously agreed upon a constitutional form of government for their republic.The same was to have gone into operation the first day of the current year-public notice had been given at Corfu, that the com mercial flag of the country was lodged at a place convenient for the inspection of those concerned, and all vessels belonging to the country were required to conform their flag to this model.

AMERICA.

SPANISH AMERICA. Venezuela.

A letter from May, states that

St. Thomas', dated 26th "Brion and Aury have

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