slip was as follows: 'The son of Tse- story of Jacob, to which we have rewang-teng-tche, Thibstan, present age ferred: four years.' All the attendant Lamas ex- Nature as a whole is silent, dark, stupenclaimed unanimously, with unfeigned de- dous. It was the Spirit which fashioned itlight, that the lot having now fallen upon Creator Spiritus. It is the Spirit which underthis child, it is placed beyond a doubt stands it. It is that which signifieth and givthat the genuine re-embodiment of the eth life; and so far as man understands, he has Dalai-Lamas has appeared in the world, it so far as he has it, he understands. So and the Church has a ruler for its government. The minds of the people are gladdened and at rest." Of course, the Roman Catholics will by no means accept that account of their doctrine of infallibility. But no one can deny that it puts with great humour and force the objec-upon God and lived, but he comes to live by tion to all external guarantees for the accuracy of revelation.

far as man understands, he has life, and is in intercourse and at one with the Spirit of the universe, at one with the Most High, its and his Creator, and Sustainer, and Governor. Behold how great a matter a little spirit is. calm enters into him; he has not only looked As man recognizes and comes to this, a great

looking. Jacob has become Israel; the Sun has risen on Peniel; and if he halts upon his thigh, what is it when death has been swallowed up in victory, and the dark angel has become the angel of light-the light found to be the product of the darkness--and the hard ribs and skull of the destroyer are changed into the wings and blooming features of a known into the one and eternal love and rightmessenger from heaven, and the traveller un

eousness? Amen.

No man of really spiritual nature can be described, for the simple reason that the spiritual side of the mind, which is the highest and most important side, shades away into the infinite, and all that is left within our grasp is a group of impressions which carry with them the appearance of converging upon this life from an indefinitely wider region of the spiritual universe. There was something And the Bishop himself, though he was of evangelical simplicity about Dr. Ewing, so childlike, playful, and spiritual, was both in the highest sense and, to a cer- not without the masculine strength which tain extent, even in the technical sense strives with the dark forms of earthly in which the word "evangelical" is used, trial until it compels from them a blessthough he was a strong and enthusiastic ing. He fought boldly and with great opponent of all the narrow Calvinistic tenacity in the Pan-Anglican Synod for a views. We indicated the source of this broader view of Christianity than that when we said that the Bishop chiefly very timid Assembly was at all inclined thought of divine influence as limited to to admit. He was a bold and keen oppoour conscious life, and disliked, as a form nent of the Athanasian Creed and the of superstition, any belief which ascribed doctrine of everlasting punishment as atmuch value to channels of divine influ- taching to heterodox doctrine, which that ence outside the sphere of conscious ex- creed conveys in so startling a form. It perience. One of the passages in the Bi- was not against sacredotalism only that ble which evidently had the most tena- he contended. It was against everything cious hold both on his heart and his im- that he thought a gospel not of light and agination, was the account of Jacob's love, but of darkness and fear. His was wrestling with the angel until he wrung not a massive, but it was by no means a from him a blessing. That story of a pliant mind. His faith threw off from it victory of conscious human need over the all that was inconsistent with it with a mysterious external agents of God's Prov- completeness and certainty of which few idence, a victory won by perseverance and minds could boast. Evangelic, eager, suffering, and resulting in a crisis so def- gentle, childlike, sweet, thoroughly perinite as to be marked even by a change sonal in his religious devotion, keen in of name from "Jacob" to "Israel," had repelling what he thought falsehood, he a special fascination of its own for Dr. was a bishop of the Johannine type, if Ewing, which appears not once, or twice, there were one on earth, but to these or thrice, but half a dozen times at least qualities he added others which it is not even in the thin volume of sermons which easy to ascribe to any Hebrew, and least he has left behind him. We can hardly of all to St. John, especially a playfulgive a distincter conception of the high- ness and humour which helped him to est side of his mind than by extracting understand the world, and helped the the conclusion of the first sermon on world to understand him. "the Unknown God," suggested by the

From The Pall Mall Gazette. THE DUTCH COLONIAL SYSTEM.

66

tween them extend luxuriant rice-grounds, watered by an elaborate system of irrigation that would be the pride of the best cultivated parts of Europe." And his remarks on Lombock are in the same strain: "It was now that I first obtained an adequate idea of one of the most wonderful systems of cultivation in the world, equalling all that is related of Chinese industry, and, as far as I know, surpassing in the labour that has been bestowed upon it any tract of equal extent in the most civilized countries of Europe." And from this island it must be understood that "all Europeans, except a few traders at the port, are jealously excluded." Mr. Wallace, however, relies less on the high state of cultivation of Java to prove the beneficence of Dutch rule than on the

NOT a little irritation appears to have been excited in Holland by the comments on the Dutch colonial system in which some of our contemporaries indulged on the occasion cf the recent Dutch defeat before Atchin. And it must be admitted that a little hesitation before passing a sweeping condemnation on the policy pursued by Holland in the East would be not unbecoming in writers who have to rely on second-hand information. Certain it is, at any rate, that Mr. Wallace, who spent eight years in the Indo-Malay archipelago, speaks of it in very different terms. Describing his visit to Java, Mr. Wallace says, "I believe that the Dutch system is the very best that can be adopted when a European nation con- extraordinary increase which has taken quers or otherwise acquires possession place in the population during the presof a country inhabited by an industrious ent century. It appears that between but semi-barbarous people." And again, 1826 and 1865, a period of no more than having explained what the system is, he thirty-nine years, the increase has been sums up: On the whole the people from 5,500,000 to 14,168,416. But when are well fed and decently clothed, and we call to mind the rapid increase of the have acquired habits of steady industry Irish population between 1801 and 1845, and the art of scientific cultivation, which and the result to which it led, we may must be of service to them in the future." well doubt whether such growth is altoTo judge the matter fairly, however, it gether a healthy sign. Still, making all must not be forgotten that long before allowance which may be thought necesHolland became a nation, Java was the sary for over-favourable judgment, Mr. seat of a very respectable civilization, Wallace's testimony seems to dispose of which has left magnificent ruins which to much of the current criticism of the this day excite the admiration of the Eu- Dutch colonial system. When the popropean traveller. It is quite possible, ulation is really barbarous, at any rate, therefore, that the "steady industry" at there seems no room at all to doubt that least is an inheritance from the past, not the system works admirably. Thus in a habit learned from the Dutch. And the north of Celebes Mr. Wallace tells the possibility of this becomes a proba- us that within the memory of persons bility of a very high degree when we still living the inhabitants of the several learn that the neighbouring islands of villages formed distinct tribes constantly Bali and Lombock are equally carefully cultivated. The Balecse are independent, and are Hindoos in religion, and Lombock was conquered by them a generation ago. Of Bali Mr. Wallace writes, "I was both astonished and delighted, for as my visit to Java was some years later, I had never beheld so beautiful and well-cultivated a district out of Europe.

Houses and villages, marked out by dense clumps of cocoanut palms, tamarind, and other fruit-trees, are dotted about in every direction, while be-l

at war with one another. To protect themselves from attack they built their houses on long poles. They were headhunters, and, it is said, sometimes cannibals. Now feuds are at an end, life and property are protected, and the people have been taught to cultivate coffee plantations with the greatest success, the country has been opened up by roads, the old houses have been pulled down, and in their place have been built neat, comfortable, and well-kept villages. ̧

END OF VOL. IL

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