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The landowners, Messrs. Greenall, Whitley and Co., have again very kindly allowed access to every part of their home paddock for the purpose of the excavations.

STRUCTURAL REMAINS.

RAMPART.

West Side. Since its discovery, in September, 1898, the foundation of the western rampart throughout its entire length, a distance of nearly 100 yards, has been explored. Its outer face and several widths have been uncovered, and cross cuts made to ascertain its construction. At 53 feet from the southern boundary of the enclosure, and for a distance of 15 feet northwards, there are two courses of outer facing stones, consisting of squared sandstone blocks laid lengthwise, those of the lower course averaging 16 inches in length by 9 inches in width and depth, and those of the upper 11 inches by 6 inches. From this point a single layer of larger dimensions, varying from 13 to 26 inches in length, and 9 to 14 inches in width and depth, continues 75 feet in the same direction. A photograph of this portion is reproduced on plate II, No. 1.

The facing stones on the inner side of the rampart, along the edge of the via, which were laid bare in the various cross-sections and for a distance of 27 feet from the N.W. angle, are about 11 inches square by 6 inches deep. The average width of the foundation between the outer edges of these two marginal rows is 9 feet, but in many sections north and south of those just described the squared kerbstones are much tumbled or altogether removed.

The wide joints which occasionally occur between the ends of these roughly hammer-dressed blocks are filled with flakes of the same kind of soft local

red sandstone closely wedged between them. There is no trace of their having been laid in lime mortar, but the quantity of interlacing roots observed between the interstices has led to the inference that lime or alluvial clay was employed for securing them.

The space between the two rows of facing stones is closely packed with rubble, consolidated with gravel and loamy sand, to a depth of one or two feet.

Beneath the stone foundations there is a bedding, 6 to 9 inches thick, of cobble stones and sandstone rubble, well pounded down upon an equal thickness of made-ground, consisting of sand mixed with black mud or loam, probably derived from the adjoining bank of the river. Little depth of foundation is needed in this locality, the dense glacial sand-bed, forming the subsoil to a depth of about 30 feet, affording a sure basis.

Variations from this mode of construction were observed in three places :-(1) At 143 feet from the south fence of the enclosure, where the foundation of an external wall abuts upon the outer face of the rampart and strikes off at right angles westward; and where also the outer row of facing stones inclines inwards and lies obliquely, partly across the line of the main wall. The footings of the external wall (which will be described later, under the head of "exterior buildings ") are of similar construction, and are laid parallel to those of the rampart for a distance of 8 feet, thereby forming a culvert or drain 1 foot 4 inches wide and 9 inches deep, with a floor of squared stones, at the angle of junction of the two walls. (2) At 25 feet further northward the line of the rampart is crossed by a pavement 9 feet in width and 20 feet in length, composed of surface-worn sandstone blocks, about 9 inches square by 5 or 6

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