versity of manners or inhumanity cun invent. Portugal, unfortunately, is threatened with all these evils, and its inhabitants have no means to avoid the horrors to which they are exposed, but by having recourse to arms, to repel by force, the odious and wicked designs of their enemies.

We have therefore resolved, that the whole Portuguese nation shall be armed in the manner which to each inhabitant may be practicable, that all the males, without exception of person or class, shall provide themselves with a pike, twelve or thirteen palms, (six or seven feet) in length, and such other arms as their circumstances may permit.

That all the cities, towns, and considerable villages, shall be fortified by blockading the entrances and principal streets with two, three, or more cross-beams, in order that all the inhabitants may be enabled to defend themselves vigorously when the enemy shall present himself.

That all the officers in Lisbon, and administrators of districts, shall within the space of eight days from the date of this decree, deliver in to the military governor general of their respective provinces, a list of such persons as from their activity, ability, good conduct, and the respect they are held in by the people, are qualified to take a command, always preferring in similar circumstances, those who are already military officers, and pointing out such of the said officers as by their age, incumbrances, or other circumstances, ought no longer to fill the posts they occupy.

That all the generals charged with the military government of pro

vinces, shall divide their govern ments into districts, and appoint officer of known activity and prob ty, whether of the troops of the le or militia, whom the chief and other officers shall obey in consequence of the said appointment, who shall v sit the different villages of their da trict, examine the state of the seve ral companies, and from the per sons recommended to them, appetal such for officers as they shall jud deserving and capable, who s immediately begin to exercise the ; companies, which shall assemble on all Sundays and saints' days in thes respective districts, in order to reder themselves expert in the use of the arms they have, and in military evolutions: compreheuding all the males from fifteen to sixty.

Lastly, we have resolved, that every person who shall not take up arms, but refuse to concur with the nation in general, to the defence of our country, shall incur and suffer the punishment of death; and the same punishment shall await all those who shall furnish any succour or aid le the enemy, by supplying them with provisions, or assisting them in any other mode..

In like manner, any village wlack shall not defend itself against the assailants of the kingdom, but per mit their entrance without making every possible resistance, shall be burnt and levelled with the ground.

And we hereby order all ge rals, military governors of provinces, the intendant-general of police, and all corregidors, auditors, and in g neral all officers military and civilia aid and assist in carrying into effect the provisions of this royal decre which shall be affixed up in all public places, all the cities, lo

od villages of this kingdom, in orer that it may be known to every habitant.

Approved by the council of war, ho will cause it to be executed.

Proclamation of the Supreme Central Junta. Published at St. Mary's on the 23d December.

Spaniards, the hired emissaries of he lyrant, with the design of mis ading you, and bringing the sureme governing Junta of the kingom into disrepote, spread reports hat the latter have approved the apitulation of Madrid. This soereign body feel it to be their duty o contradict rumours, the object nd tendency of which is to sow listrust between the government ind the people, to produce general fiscouragement and anarchy, and to expose to contempt the sacred oath of

your representatives. Spaniards, the Supreme Junta, whose motto is, "Death or Liberty," are far from approving of the capitulation of any town. That which recognizes the usurper, and submits to the law of the tyrant, is mot Spanish-it is an enemy. These re the sentiments of the Supreme Junta-sentiments which they will never belie, in word or deed; and whatever you may be told by the partizans of despotism, those vile wretches who sacrifice to a miserable self-intere-t the sacred rights of their country, be assured that their reports are calumnies, snares laid for you by the tyrant, to entangle you in the mazes of his infernal policy. The country you have sworn to defend, the religion wherein you have sworn to die, the spouses and offspring you bave sworn to protect, a captive

king whom you have sworn to rescure-all demand the fulfilment of your promise.

And ye, brave inhabitants of Madrid, who refused your assent to a shameful capitulation, and rising superior to others invested with command and even to yourselves, preferred death to misery and slavery, persevere in your generous resolution. The momentary occupation of the buildings of the city by the enemy is of no importance whilst they are not masters of your hearts. Continue to resist them in the very bosoms of your families; place no confidence in their deceitful protessions; reflect that to every people they have promised happiness, and all they have plunged into misery. The Junta, who watch over your destiny, will cause numerous reinforcements to march to that unfortunate capital.

They have not forgotten you; no! keep alive your hopes, retain your bravery and firmness, and your deliverance will be the more glorious, as the danger you have encountered has been great.

Letter of the King of Prussia to the Magistrates of Berlin. Dec. 24, 1808.

Worthy, beloved, and faithful subjects, my provinces being evacuated by the French, my attention is now directed to the accomplishment of my heartfelt wish of returning to my capital of Berlin, with the Queen, my spouse, and my familyan object which I have by all pos. sible means endeavoured to attain since the conclusion of peace. I have given orders that the constituted authorities shall, leave this

place,

place for Berlin, as soon as the districts on the other side of the Vistula have begun to breathe a little from the effect of the heavy burthens they have sustained in furnishing carriages and supplies, both before and during the evacuation of the country. This short interval I shall employ in a journey to St. Petersburgh, in consequence of the repeated friendly and urgent invitations, both verbally and by letter, of his majesty the emperor of Russia. I shall expedite my journey, and hope, within a few weeks, to revisit my provinces on the other side of the Vistula, to which I owe so many proofs of exemplary fidelity; and I shall in particular basten my return to Berlin, to testify to my subjects of that city my gratitude for their firmness and good conduct, and to assure them of my attachment and satisfaction. I inform you hereof, and command you to notify the same to my loving and faithful citizens of that city; and I am your loving sovereign

FREDERICK WILLIAM,

Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Alliance between his Britannic Majesty and his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII. Signed at London, Jan. 14, 1809.

In the name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity:-The events which have taken place in Spain having terminated the state of hostility which unfortunately subsisted between the crowns of Great Britain and Spain, and united the arins of both against the common enemy, it seems good that the new relations which have been produced betwees two nations, now connected by com

mon interest, should be regularly established and confirmed by a formal treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance: wherefore his Majesty the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Supreme and Central Junta of Spain and the Indies, acting in the name and on the behalf of his catholic majesty, Ferdinand VII. have constituted and appoised; that is to say, his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the right hon. George Canning, one of his majesty's most honourable Privy Council, and his principal secretary of state for foreign affairs; and the Supreme and Central Junta of government of Spain and the Indies, acting in the name and on behalf of his catholic majesty Ferdinand VII. Don Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, commander of Vallaga and Algarga in the mili tary order of Calatrava, rear adiniral of the royal navy, named by the Supreme and Central Junta of government of Spain and the Indies, as envoy extraordinary and minis ter plenipotentiary of his catirolic majesty Ferdinand VII. to his Britannic majesty; their plenipotentiaries, to conclude and sign a treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance; who, having communicated their respective full powers, have agreed to and concluded the following ar ticles:-

Article 1. There shall be between his majesty the king of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his catholic majesty Ferdinand VII. king of Spain and of the Indies thereunto appertaining, and between all their kingdoms, states, dominions, and subjects, a christian, stable, and inviolable peace, and a perpetual and

sincere

sincere amity, and a strict alliance during the war against France;. together with an entire and lasting oblivion of all acts of hostility done on their side, in the course of the late wars, in which they have been engaged against each other.

2. To obviate all complaints and disputes which might arise on the subject of prizes, captured posterior to the declaration published by his Britannic majesty on the 4th of July of the last year it has been mutually agreed, that the vessels and property taken posterior to the date of the said declaration, in any seas or ports of the world, without any exceptions, and without any regard either to time or place, shall be restored by both parties. And as the accidental occupation of any of the ports of the peninsula by the common enemy, might occasion disputes respecting any vessels, which, in ignorance of such occupation, might direct their course to those ports from any other harbour, either of the peninsula or the colonies; and as cases may occur iu which Spanish inhabitants of the said ports or provinces, so occupied by the enemy, may, with their property, endeavour to escape from his grasp; the high contracting parties have agreed that Spanish vessels, not aware of the enemy's occupation of any harbour which they are desirous to enter, or such as may succeed in making their escape from any harbour so occupied, shall not be captured, nor themselves nor their cargo be considered as a good prize; but, on the contrary, that thy shall meet with every help and assistance from the naval power of his Britannic majesty.

3. His Britannic majesty engages VOL. LI.

to continue to assist, to the utmost of his power, the Spanish nation in their struggle against the tyranny and usurpation of Fauce, and promises not to acknowledge any other king of Spain and of the Indies thereunto appertaining, than his catholic majesty Ferdinand VII, his heirs, or such lawful successor as the Spanish nation shall acknowledge; and the Spanish government, in the name and on the behalf of his catholic majesty Ferdinand VII. engages never, in any case, to cede to France any part of the territories or possessions of the Spanish monarchy, in any part of the world.

cause

4. The high contracting parties agree to make common against France; and not to make peace with that power except by

common consent.

5. The present treaty shall be ratified by both parties, and the exchange of the ratifications shall be made in the space of two months or sooner (if it can be done) in London.

In witness whereof, we, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, have signed, in virtue of our respective full powers, the present treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance, and have sealed it with the seals of our arms.

(L. S.) GEORGE CANNING. (L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA,

Article I. Separate.-The Spanish government engages to take the most effectual measures for the preventing of the Spanish squadrons in all the ports of Spain, as well as of the French squadron, taken in the month of June, and now in the barbour of Cadiz, from falling into the power of France. For which purpose his Britannic majesty en

SB

gages

gages to co-operate by all means in his power.

The present separate article shall have the same force and validity, as if it were inserted, word for word, in the treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance signed this day, and shall be ratified at the same time.

In witness whereof, we, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, have signed, &c.

(L.S.) GEORGE CANNING. (L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA.

Article II. Separate. A treaty shall forthwith be negociated, stipulating the amount and description of succours to be afforded by his Britannic majesty, agreeably to the third article of the present treaty.

The present separate article shall have the same force and validity, as if it were inserted, word for word, in the treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance signed this day, and shall be ratified at the same time.

In witness whereof, we, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, have signed, &c.

(L. S.) GEORGE Canning. (L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA.

Additional article. The present circumstances not admitting of the regular negociation of a treaty of commerce between the two countries, with all the care and consideration due to so important a subject, the high contracting parties mutually engage to proceed to such negociation as soon as it shall be practicable so to do, affording in the mean time, mutual facilities to the commerce of the subjects of ach other, by temporary regula

tions founded on principles of reci procal utility.

The present additional article shall have the same force and vali dity, &c.

(L. S.) GEORGE Canning. (L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA.

King's Speech in the House of Lords. Jan. 19.

This day the House of Lords met pursuant to prorogation, when the Lord Chancellor, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Canıden, and the Duke of Montrose took their seats in their robes upon the woolsack as his majesty's commissioners; and the speaker and members of the House of Commons being in attendance, the Chancellor delivered the following speech from his majesty:—

"My Lords and Gentlemen, "We have it in command from his majesty to state to you that his majesty has called you together, in perfect confidence that you are prepared cordially to support his majesty in the prosecution of a war, which there is no hope of terminating safely and honourably, except through vigorous and persevering exertion.

"We are to acquaint you, that his majesty has directed to be laid before you, copies of the proposals for opening a negociation, which were transinitted to his majesty from Erfurth; and of the correspondence which thereupon took place with the government of Russia aud of France; together with the declaration issued by his ma jesty's command on the termination of that correspondence.