11. Man (Schwegler on Aristotle) is good through three things, through Nature, through Habit, through Reason.

Quote passages from Aristotle in support.

The function of Conscience in Butler is occupied by two words in Aristotle ?

12. What, according to Schwegler, is the postulate of the Stoical system of Ethics ?

It is thereby specifically distinguished from that of Aristotle?

In this remark Schwegler ignores an important Aristotelian distinction ?

I. "The revived feeling occupies the same parts and in the same manner as the original.'

Give some of the more important applications of this principle made by Bain.

The truth of the principle was admitted by Hamilton, and partially by Kant?

2. What is Bain's account of the origin of our belief in an External World?

How far does it agree, and how far differ, from that of Hamilton? From Hamilton's point of view, Bain, in his statement of the problem, begs the question?

As regards the independence of the External World, Bain's view is in one respect the opposite of that of Mill and Berkeley ?

3. To what fundamental law of Consciousness does Bain give the name of “Relativity”?

What experience does he cite as confirmatory of the law?

He applies it to the explanation of Association by Contrast?

What other-(a) intellectual, (b) emotional elements, conspire in this association?

4. How far, according to Bain, can Volition affect the process of Reproduction?

Another remarkable mental principle may serve as an auxiliary in this process?

5. What is Bain's criticism of the ordinary account of the Abstract Idea?

The mature perception of natural objects involves a primitive synthesis followed by an analysis and succeeded by a subsequent synthesis? Locke would appear not to have recognised the first two elements?

6. What is Bain's Theory of Time?

In this theory he stands in opposition to Mill and markedly to Kant? He appears to misunderstand Kant's doctrine of Form?

He employs an argument similar to one used by Hamilton with respect o Extension for an opposite purpose?

7. How does Bain criticize the classification of the Mental Powers adopted by Stewart and Hamilton ?

h

His remark that the Association of Ideas might supersede Memory ignores a capital element in that faculty accented both by Locke and Mill?

8. What was the "One" of Parmenides?

Schwegler cautions against an erroneous view of it?

In his doctrine on this subject a leading thought in ancient and modern speculation occurs for the first time?

What was the object of the paradoxes of Zeno ?

9. What is the meaning of the position of Democritus, “Being is by nothing more real than nothing"?

What did he understand by Túx??

Schwegler notes two radical defects of Atomistic theories?

Is the first of these chargeable on the modern theory of Atoms?

10. What was the Stoic theory of Cognition?

It may be regarded as the direct opposite of the Kantian?

In their criterion of Knowledge and their theory of Physics they anticipated Descartes ?

In the latter, however, they arrived at a conclusion diametrically opposed to the Cartesian?

II. Mr. Hodgson draws a remarkable distinction between Infinity in Space as an immediate given percept and as a voluntary concept.

This distinction was clearly drawn by Locke: under what form? How does Locke explain the genesis of Natural Antinomies of the Reason from the Idea of the Infinite?

12. Locke distinguishes two kinds of Habitual Knowledge?

By what reasoning does he attempt to establish, in opposition to his own previous opinion, the perfect certainty of such knowledge? Criticize this reasoning.

Locke appears to have fallen into an error censured by Hamilton in Reid?

CLUFF MEMORIAL PRIZE EXAMINATION.

MR. BARLOW.

1. What account does Alfred give of the principles by which he was guided in the compilation of his Dooms, and of the sources from which they were derived ?

2. What were the provisions of these Dooms with reference to the following cases :-Fighting in the king's hall; Fighting before a bishop; Stealing on Sunday; Working on Sunday; Death of a child at a babyfarmer's ?

3. Explain the following terms:-angylde, borh-bryce, bold-getael, byrgea, edor-bryce, flet, maeg-ship, orwige.

4. Write notes on the following enactments :

(a). "If any one accuse another of god-borh, and willeth to make plaint that he has not delivered to him any of those things which he had sold him, let him make his fore-ath in four churches; and, if the other will prove himself innocent, let him do it in XII. churches."

(b). "If any one with a hloth slay an unoffending twy-hinde man, let him who acknowledges the death-blow pay were and wite, and let every one who was of the party pay xxx. shillings as bloth-bote."

(c). "If any one for whatever crime seek any of the mynster-hams to which the king's feorm is incident, or other free-hired which is worthy of reverence, let him have a space of three days to protect himself, unless he be willing to come to terms.'

5. What account is given of Legacestria in the Chron. de Mailros?

6. In the same chronicle the entry for the year 871 is as follows:"Venit Paganorum exercitus in Westsaxoniam usque ad Redingum, quorum duces fuerunt duo Reges Basrechg et Haldene.” Who was this

Basrechg?

7. Explain the following entry :-A. D. 883. "S. Cuthbertus Abbati Edredo per visionem assistens praecepit ut Episcopo et toti Anglorum et Danorum genti diceret, quatenus Guthredum filium Ardecnut quem Dani vendiderant in servam cuidam viduae apud Witingeham, dato redemptionis pretio redimerent, et in Regem super Northumbros levarent; Quod et factum est, et regnavit super Eboracum."

8. What account does Ethelweard give of the expedition of Dubslane, Macbeth, and Maelinmum ?

9. What account does Asser give of (a) the mysterious malady with which Alfred was afflicted; (b) the singular manner in which he divided his yearly revenue?

10. Give some account of the most important мss. of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

II. What is the legend of the birth of Athelstan related by William of Malmesbury? Dr. Lappenburg deduees an important conclusion from the mere existence of such a myth? How may the great partiality of William for Athelstan be explained ?

Translate these lines. What curious mistake does Henry of Huntington make in his Latin version?

13. "Ethelfleda, lady of the Mercians, who governed them in the name of Ethered, her infirm father, built the fortress at Bremesbury" (Henry of Huntington). What mistake does the Chronicler make here? What further account does he give of Ethelfleda? Mr. Petrie says that the A. S. Chron. nowhere tells us who she was, except as it describes her as the lady of the Mercians. Is this correct?

14. A. S. Chron. 886.-"Thy ilcan geare gesette Elfred cyning Lundenburg. and him all Angelcyn to cirde thaet buton Deniscra monna haeftniede was. and hie tha befaeste tha burg Ætherede aldormen to haldonne." Translate this passage. Compare with it the statements of Asser, Ethelweard, Simeon Dunelmensis, and Henry of Huntington. What attempts have been made to reconcile these conflicting statements ?

15. Give the substance of the famous passage in Camden's edition of Asser which relates to the University of Oxford. What is the most probable explanation of the interpolation ?

MR. MAHAFFY.

1. Give an abstract of Alfred's will, as given by Asser.

2. What is known of the life and writings of Asser?

3. What is the entry under 890 in Florence of Worcester's Chronicle ?

4. In what connexion does he narrate Alfred's youth? With what details ?

5. What was the nature of the Danish invasions of Alfred's day as compared with those of earlier and later date?

6. What was the historic importance of Edward the Elder? How is he described by Florence ?

7. What was the Commendation of 924 A. D.?

8. Write a note on the foreign policy of Athelstan. sources for his life?

For a short Essay.

What are our

9. Discuss the various materials for the life of Alfred, and estimate their relative value.

EXAMINATION FOR PROFESSORSHIP IN POLITICAL

ECONOMY.

DR. T. E. CLIFFE LESLIE.

Morning.

I. A recent writer on mediaval economic history argues that English wool in the Middle Ages realised all the conditions required for an export duty falling on foreigners exclusively. England, he says, had practically a monopoly of the supply of material for which the Continental demand was urgent. State your reasons for concurring in or dissenting from the conclusion that under such conditions an export duty on English wool must have fallen on foreigners only.

2. Adam Smith speaks in his Third Book of "the natural progress of opulence. Explain his view of the natural progress of society in that respect; adding your own, and pointing out how the fundamental laws governing economic progress are to be ascertained.

3. M'Culloch affirms that Ricardo did for the laws of distribution what Adam Smith did for those of production. State concisely the leading principles of Ricardo's theory of distribution, statical and dynamical ; adding any criticisms or corrections you think requisite.

4. Show, with historical examples, how the nature of the demand of consumers affects the nature, the amount, and the distribution of wealth in different states of society.

5. According to one view, prices rose more in England than on the Continent in the fifteen years following the discovery of the new gold mines. According to another view, they rose considerably more in some Continental countries than in England during that period. State the main arguments in support of each of these views.

6. What are the main causes tending to raise, and what are the main causes tending to lower, the rate of interest in England, during the future progress of society ?

7. Explain accurately the conditions which determine the amount of coin and credit required to carry on the internal trade and exchanges of an advanced commercial country.

8. Under what circumstances may the premium and the discount, respectively, on foreign bills of exchange exceed the cost of the transmission of bullion? Give real instances, if you can; if not, such as might occur.

9. Explain the doctrine of Mr. Jevons that value depends on "final utility"; pointing out the elements of truth which it contains, and in what respect it is inadequate as a theory of value.

Afternoon.

1. (a) If Political Economy has, in your opinion, been so far developed as to have become a deductive science, what are its premises? If you