P. 154, 1. 31. seem to have fixed the point of honour principally in that part.

"Suppliant the Goddess stood: One hand she plac'd

Beneath his beard, and one his knees embrac'd."
- POPE'S Iliad, I. 650, 651.

P. 155, 1. 2. Don Quevedo. Francisco Gomez de Quevedo Villegas (1580-1645), a voluminous Spanish writer of verse and prose. He is chiefly remembered by his Visions, which have much humorous and satiric power.

P. 155, 1. 17. Cardinal Pole, Bishop Gardiner. Reginald Pole (1500-1558), a prominent ecclesiastic under Henry VIII. and Queen Mary. Stephen Gardiner (1483-1555) became Bishop of Winchester in 1531.

P. 155, 1. 27. Hudibras. The hero of a famous satire of this name, written by Samuel Butler (1612-1680) and directed against the Puritans. Hudibras and his squire Ralph set out on an expedition against the follies and amusements of society. The poem was published in three parts, in 1663, 1664, and 1678, and enjoyed immense popularity.

P. 157, 1. 3. the new tragedy. This is The Distressed Mother, produced in 1712. It is an adaptation by Ambrose Phillips (1671–1749) of the Andromaque of the great French dramatist, Racine. See also The Spectator, Nos. 290 and 338.

P. 157, 11. 5, 6. The Committee. A comedy, written to ridicule the Puritans, by Sir Robert Howard (1626-1698), the brotherin-law of Dryden.

P. 157, 11. 14, 15. the Mohocks. The slang name of a club of rioters, who banded together “with the express object of subjecting defenceless passengers in the streets at night-time to terror and brutal usage."

Among contemporary references, Budgell, in The Spectator, No. 347, and Steele, No. 332, are particularly interesting. It must be remembered that the streets of London were at that time very poorly lighted. In 1708 glass lamps with oil burners had been

introduced; but, before that, lanterns hung before every tenth house had furnished the only illumination.

66

Prepare for death if here at night you roam,

And sign your will before you sup from home."

- JOHNSON'S London, 220, 221.

"Who has not heard the Scourerer's midnight fame?
Who has not trembled at the Mohock's name?
Was there a watchman took his hourly rounds
Safe from their blows, or new invented wounds?"
— GAY's Trivia, Part III.

"Young Davenant was telling us at court how he was set upon by the Mohocks, and how they ran his chair through with a sword. It is not safe being in the streets at night for them. The Bishop of Salisbury's son is said to be of the gang. They are all Whigs; and a great lady sent to me, to speak to her father and to the LordTreasurer, to have a care of them, and to be careful likewise of myself; for she heard they had malicious intentions against the ministers and their friends." "Here is the devil and all to do with these Mohocks. Grub Street papers about them fly like lightning, and a list printed of near 80 put into several prisons, and all a lie; and I begin almost to think there is no truth, or very little, in the whole story."-SWIFT, Journal to Stella, March, 1711, 1712.

...

P. 158, 1. 25. the battle of Steenkirk. The battle took place in 1692, when William III., after surprising the French army, was defeated by Marshal Luxemburg.

P. 163, 1. 23. put, pronounced put = duffer in modern slang. P. 163, 1. 31. Lyon's-inn. One of the smaller law societies, called inns of chancery. Cf. note to p. 8, 11. 25, 26.

P. 165, 11. 5, 6. a passage in the book I had considered last Saturday. On Saturdays, between January 5 and May 3, 1712, Addison wrote a series of essays in The Spectator on Paradise Lost. Book X. of that poem is referred to, which was analyzed in Spectator, No. 357.

P. 166, 1. 9. Spring-garden. Spring Garden, or Vauxhall, was a favorite place of public amusement in the eighteenth century. It lay on the sunny side of the Thames, in the region of Lambeth, and is said to have derived its name from a family named Vaux, who had an estate there in the times of Elizabeth. Addison's is one of the earliest references to this resort, which became more popular later on in the century. Vauxhall long played a large part in social life, as will be seen in the essays of Goldsmith, the novels of Fielding, Smollett, and Thackeray, the letters of Walpole, and the paintings of Hogarth. The gardens were not closed till 1859.

P. 167, 1. 16. La Hogue. A cape of northwest France off which the French were defeated by the English and Dutch fleets in 1692. See Browning's poem "Hervé Riel."

P. 167, 1. 23. London bridge. Built between 1176 and 1209; this was for many centuries the only bridge across the Thames. The old bridge was burned and the present structure erected in 1831.

P. 167, 1. 31. on this side Temple-bar. That is, on the Westminster side of Temple Bar, a London gateway formerly dividing Fleet Street from the Strand. Cf. "Little Britain" in Irving's Sketch-Book.

P. 168, 1. 2. The fifty new churches. It had long been felt that the growing suburbs of London were very poorly provided for in a religious way, and a resolution was passed by the House of Commons, in 1711, for the erection of fifty new churches.

P. 168, 11. 29, 30. Mahometan paradise. The heaven de scribed in the Koran was a garden abounding in everything to gratify the senses.

P. 169, 1. 15. Burton ale. Burton-on-Trent, a town in East Staffordshire and South Derbyshire, was already, in Addison's day, famous for its ale.

"I cannot reflect upon Sir Roger's character but I am confirmed in the truth which I have, I think, heard spoken at the club; to wit, that a man of a warm and well-disposed heart, with a very

small capacity, is highly superior, in human society, to him who, with the greatest talents, is cold and languid in his affections." - LETTER FROM CAPT. SENTRY, Spectator, No. 544.

P. 173, 1. 10. rings and mourning. It was the custom to bequeath mourning rings to friends. See especially Richardson's Clarissa Harlowe, last volume.

P. 174, 1. 1, ff.:

"It is my custom to take frequent opportunities of inquiring, from time to time, what success my speculations meet with in the town. I am glad to find, in particular, that my discourses on marriage have been well received. A friend of mine gives me to understand, from Doctor's-Commons, that more licenses have been taken out there of late than usual. I am likewise informed of several pretty fellows, who have resolved to commence heads of families by the first favorable opportunity. One of them writes me word that he is ready to enter into the bonds of matrimony, provided I will give it under my hand (as I now do) that a man may show his face in good company after he is married, and that he need not be ashamed to treat a woman with kindness, who puts herself in his power for life.

"I have other letters on this subject, which say that I am attempting to make a revolution in the world of gallantry, and that the consequence of it will be that a great deal of the sprightliest wit and satire of the last age will be lost; that a bashful fellow, upon changing his condition, will be no longer puzzled how to stand the raillery of his facetious companions, that he need not own he married only to plunder an heiress of her fortune, nor pretend that he uses her ill, to avoid the ridiculous name of a fond husband.

"I must confess it has been my ambition, in the course of my writings, to restore, as well as I was able, the proper idea of things." — Spectator, No. 525.

Observe how The Spectator's idea of Modesty and Honor has been carried out through all the papers connected with Sir Roger. The conversion and marriage of Will Honeycomb, the man about town, is a fitting climax to prove the moral effect of The Spectator.

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