gative, and prides herself to have a store of corn to exercise her hospitality, or duly honour her husband's hospitality, in the entertainment of the lodge guests"-Oneóta, p. 83.

NOTE 62.

Thus the fields shall be more fruitful. Page 385.

"A singular proof of this belief, in both sexes, of the mysterious influence of the steps of a woman on the vegetable and insect creation, is found in an ancient custom, which was related to me, respecting corn-planting. It was the practice of the hunter's wife, when the field of corn had been planted, to choose the first dark or over-clouded evening to perform a secret circuit, sans habilement, around the field. For this purpose she slipped out of the lodge in the evening, unobserved, to some obscure nook, where she completely disrobed. Then, taking her matchecota, or principal garment in one hand, she dragged it around the field. This was thought to insure a prolific crop, and to prevent the assaults of insects and worms upon the grain. It was supposed they could not creep over the charmed line."Oneóta, p. 82.

Page 387.

of the elm-tree, The leader of a

NOTE 62. With his prisoner-string he bound him. "These cords," says Mr. Tanner, "are made of the bark by boiling and then immersing it in cold water. war party commonly carries several fastened about his waist, and if, in the course of the fight, any one of his young men takes a prisoner, it is his duty to bring him immediately to the chief, to be tied, and the latter is responsible for his safe-keeping."-Narrative of Captiity and Adentures, p. 412.

NOTE 64. Wagemin, the thief of corn-fields,

Paimosaid, the skulking robber. Page 388.

"If one of the young female huskers finds a red ear of corn, it is typical of a brave admirer, and is regarded as a fitting present to some young warrior. But if the ear be crooked, and tapering to a point, no matter what colour, the whole circle is set in a roar and wa-ge-min, is the word shouted aloud. It is the symbol of a thief in the corn-field. It is considered as the image of an old man stooping as he enters the lot. Had the chisel of Praxiteles been employed to produce this image, it could not more vividly bring to the minds of the merry group the idea of a pilferer of their favourite mondámin....

"The litteral meaning of the term is, a mass, or crooked ear of grain; but the ear of corn so called is a conventional type of a little old man pilfering ears of corn in a corn-field. It is in this manner that a single word or term, in these curious languages, becomes the fruitful parent of many ideas. And we can thus perceive why it is that the word wagemin is alone competent to excite merriment in the husking circle.

"This term is taken as the basis of the cereal chorus, or corn-song, as sung by the Northern Algonquin tribes. It is coupled with the phrase Paimosaid,-a permutative form of the Indian substantive, made from the verb pimosa, to walk. Its literal meaning is, he who walks, or the walker ; but the ideas conveyed by it are, he who walks by night to pilfer corn. offers, therefore, a kind of parallelism in expression to the preceding term. -Oneóta. p. 254.

NOTE 65. Pugasaing, with thirteen pieces. Page 397.

It

This game of the Bowl is the principal game of hazard among the Northern tribes of Indians. Mr. Schoolcraft gives a particular account of it in Oneóta, p. 85. "This game," he says, "is very fascinating to some portions of the Indians. They stake at it their ornaments, weapons, clothing, canoes, horses, everything in fact they possess; and have been known, it is said, to set up their wives and children, and even to forfeit their own liberty. Of such desperate stakes I have seen no examples, nor do I think the game itself in common use. It is rather confined to certain persons, who hold the relative rank of gamblers in Indian society,-men who are not noted as hunters or warriors or steady providers for their families. Among

these are persons who bear the term of Ienadizz-wug, that is, wanderers about the country, braggadocios, or fops. It can hardly be classed with the popular games of amusement, by which skill and dexterity are acquired. I have generally found the chiefs and graver men of the tribes, who encourage the young men to play ball, and are sure to be present at the customary sports, to witness, and sanction, and applaud them, speak lightly and disparagingly of this game of hazard. Yet it cannot be denied, that some of the chiefs, distinguished in war and the chase, at the West, can be referred to as lending their example to its fascinating power."

See also his History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes, Part II. p. 72.

NOTE 66. To the Pictured Rocks of sandstone. Page 407.

The reader will find a long description of the Pictured Rocks in Foster and Whitney's Report on the Geology of the Lake Superior Land District, Part II. p. 124. From this I make the following extract:

Το

"The Pictured Rocks may be described, in general terms, as a series of sandstone bluffs extending along the shore of Lake Superior for about five miles, and rising in most places, vertically from the water, without any beach at the base, to a height varying from fifty to nearly two hundred feet. Were they simply a line of cliffs, they might not, so far as relates to height or extent, be worthy of a rank among great natural curiosities, although such an assemblage of rocky strata, washed by the waves of the great lake, would not, under any circumstances, be destitute of grandeur. the voyager, coasting along their base in his frail canoe, they would, at all times, be an object of dread: the recoil of the surf, the rock-bound coast, affording, for miles, no place of refuge,-the lowering sky, the rising wind, --all these would excite his apprehension, and induce him to ply a vigorous oar until the dreaded wall was passed. But in the Pictured Rocks there are two features which communicate to the scenery a wonderful and almost unique character. These are, first, the curious manner in which the cliffs have been excavated, and worn away by the action of the lake, which, for centuries, has dashed an ocean-like surf against their base; and, second, the equally curious manner in which large portions of the surface have been coloured by bands of brilliant hues.

"It is from the latter circumstance that the name, by which these cliffs are known to the American traveller, is derived; while that applied to them by the French voyageurs ('Les Portails') is derived from the former, and by far the most striking peculiarity.

"The term Pictured Rocks has been in use for a great length of time; but when it was first applied, we have been unable to discover. It would seem that the first travellers were more impressed with the novel and striking distribution of colours on the surface, than with the astonishing variety of form into which the cliffs themselves have been worn.

"Our voyageurs had many legends to relate of the pranks of the Menni-bojou in these caverns, and, in answer to our inquiries, seemed disposed to fabricate stories, without end, of the achievements of this Indian deity."

NOTE 67. Toward the sun his hands were lifted. Page 423. In this manner, and with such salutations, was Father Marquette received by the Illinois. See his Voyages et Découvertes, Section V.

NOTE 68. The sword of Damascus. Page 430.

Standish's sword is still preserved at Plymouth, with an Arabic inscription on the back, showing it to be a "Damascus blade." His coat of mai, when taken out of an old box and touched, crumbled to dust.

NOTE 69. Lies buried Rose Standish. Page 431.

The first winter's mortality among the settlers was very great. Among the victims "died Rose Standish, wife of Captain Standish, on January 29th."

NOTE 70. Why don't you speak for yourself, John? Page 438.
"Olivia. O by your leave, I pray you;

I bade you never speak again of him;
But would you undertake another suit,
I had rather hear you to solicit that
Than music from the spheres."

Twelfth Night, Act III. Scene 1.

NOTE 71. The sailing of the May-Flower. Page 441.

After remaining one hundred and ten days in Plymouth Harbour, this historical and gallant little ship returned to England in the month of April, 1621; and notwithstanding their great sufferings all the Pilgrims remained at their posts; not one asked to re-embark.

NOTE 72. The Field of the First Encounter. Page 444.

This name was given to the scene of the skirmish, in which the intrepidity of Standish and his little band proved more than a match for an assault of the Indians.

NOTE 73. But their sachem, the brave Mattawamat,

Fled not; he was dead. Page 449.

"But it is incredible how many wounds these two princes (braves), Pecksuot and Wattawamat, received before they died, not making any fearful noise, but catching at their weapons, and striving to the last."-Journal of the Colonists.

NOTE 74. Yes; Miles Standish was dead. Page 452

Standish had a very narrow escape from an assassin. A wily Indian, a "notable insulting villain," persuaded the Captain and his party to land at his village, with the intent to murder them, but a contrary wind ed their touching at the place.

NOTE 75. That of our vices we can frame
A ladder. Page 457.

prevent

The words of St. Augustine are, "De vitiis nostris scalam nobis facimus, si vitia ipsa calcumas."

Sermon III. De Ascensione.

NOTE 76. THE PHANTOM SHIP. Page 458.

A detailed account of this "apparition of a Ship in the Air" is given by Cotton Mather in his Magnalia Christi, Book I. Chap. VI. It is contained in a letter from the Rev. James Pierpont, Pastor of New Haven. To this account Mather adds these words:

"Reader, there being yet living so many credible gentlemen, that were eye-witnesses of this wonderful thing, I venture to publish it for a thing as undoubted as 'tis wonderful."

NOTE 77. And the Emperor but a Macho! Page 468. Macho, in Spanish, signifiesa mule. Golondrina is the feminine form of Golondrino, a swallow, and also a cant name for a deserter.

NOTE 78. OLIVER BASSELIN. Page 466.

Oliver Basselin, the " Père joyeux du Vaudeville," flourished in the fifteenth century, and gave to his convivial songs the name of his native valleys, in which he sang them, Vaux-de-Vire. This name was afterward corrupted into modern Vaudeville.

NOTE 79. VICTOR GALBRAITH. Page 468.

This poem is founded on fact. Victor Galbraith was a bugler in a company of volunteer cavalry; and was shot in Mexico for some breach of discipline. It is a common superstition among soldiers, that no balls will

kill them unless their names are written on them. The old proverb says, "Every bullet has its billet."

NOTE 80. I remember the sea-fight far away. Page 470.

This was the engagement between the Enterprise and Boxer, off the harbour of Portland, in which both captains were slain. They were buried side by side, in the cemetery on Mountjoy.

NOTE 81. SANTA FILOMENA. Page 475.

"At Pisa, the church of San Francisco contains a chapel dedicated lately to Santa Filomena; over the altar is a picture, by Sabatelli, representing the Saint as a beautiful nymph-like figure, floating down from heaven, attended by two angels bearing the lily, palm, and javelin, and beneath in the foreground the sick and maimed, who are healed by her intercession." -Mrs. Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art, ii. 298.