less worthy. Nay more, it tends to select for enfranchisement, those who have the moral and intellectual qualities especially required for judicious political conduct. For what general mental characteristic does judicious political conduct presuppose? The power of realizing remote consequences. People who are misled by demagogues, are those who are impressed with the proximate results set forth to them, but are not impressed by the distant results, even when these are explained-regard them as vague, shadowy, theoretical, and are not to be deterred by them from clutching at a promised boon. Conversely, the wise citizen is the one who conceives the distant evils so clearly, that they are practically present to him, and thus outweigh the immediate temptation. Now these are just the respective characteristics of the two classes of tenants whom a ratepaying-qualification separates:-the one having their rates paid by their landlords, and so losing their votes; the other paying their own rates, that they may get votes:-the one unable to resist present temptations, unable to save money, and therefore so inconvenienced by the payment of rates as to be disfranchised rather than pay them; the other resisting present temptations and saving money, with the view, among other ends, of paying rates and becoming electors. Trace their respective traits to their sources, and it becomes manifest, that, on the average, the pecuniarily improvident must be also the politically improvident; and that the politically provident must be far more numerous among those who are pecuniarily provident. Hence, it is a folly to throw aside a regulation under which these spontaneously separate themselves severally disfranchise themselves and enfranchise themselves. Directors, railway, misdoings of, 275. E Ecclesiastical courts, 95, Education of the working classes, Electors, character of, 173; intelli- Experience, limits to the teachings Expression, definition of, 150. Kames, Lord, 10, 20. Obermair's experience as prison gov- Officialism, slowness of, 67; stupid- P Paper circulation, excess of, when Peel, Sir Robert, on the efficacy of Philanthropy, short-sightedness of, Poetic speech, in what it consists, Political education, necessity of, 374. Predicate and subject, arrangement Printers Union, working of, 359. 244. Private enterprise, what it has ac- 385 over government, 75; continental Prominence of jaw, meaning of, 151. Protection, governmental, 91. Public prudence liable to fluctuation, 321. Punishment, grounds of its justice, R Railroad companies paralleled with ciousness of, 256. Railway companies, dishonesties of, Railway directors, how elected, 269. Reform-bill, horror of, 353. Representative system in corpora- Restrictions on the hours of labor, Right to coerce the criminal, basis of, 221-225. S Salesmen, their falsehood and dupli- Self-dependent races, progressive- Social changes, unlikely origin of, 82. Social science, importance of diffus- T Tailors, how they are cheated, 111. Town councils, character of, 169; Trade immoralities, are they growing U University education, estimate of, 373. Utopianisms of the working classes, V State agency contrasted with private Valencia, prison of, 237. State enterprise, positive injuries of, State, failure of to perform its du- Stimulus to social action, 65. Style, why it should be varied, 44; W Wealth, indiscriminate respect paid Working classes in England, de- Working classes, education of, 371. |