to particulars: these will best be enumerated in a recital of the worthy offices and actions, by which Christian bishops have blessed and built up Christendom,

1. The Christian church was founded by bishops; not only because the Apostles, who were bishops, were the first preachers of the gospel, and planters of churches; but because the apostolical men, whom the Apostles used in planting and disseminating religion, were by all antiquity affirmed to have been diocesan bishops: this enlarged on; also the character for wisdom, &c., which is necessary to those who have succeeded them as stewards of Christ's family.

2. As bishops were the first fathers of churches, to which they gave being, so do they preserve them in being; for without sacraments there will be no church, or it will be starved and die; and without bishops there can be no priests, and, consequently, no sacraments. That also must needs be a supreme order from whence ordination itself proceeds: this enlarged on, with the consequent of this; namely, if sacraments depend on bishops, let them take care that holy materials be conveyed to the people, sanctified by a holy ministry, and ministered by holy persons; &c.

3. The like also is to be said concerning prayer; for the episcopal order is appointed by God to be the great ministers of Christ's priesthood in the intercourse of prayer and blessing. Hence may be considered what a calamity is a vicious prelate to that flock which he is appointed to bless and pray for.

4. All the offices ecclesiastical always were, and ought to be, conducted by the episcopal order, as is evident in the universal doctrine and practice of the primitive church: the consequence of which is no other than the admonition in the text. And, let it be remembered, that nothing can oblige the people to obey their bishops as they ought, unless the latter do to them that duty and charity which God requires; this topic enlarged on.

It may be observed, that the episcopal order is the principle of unity in the church. Several other great advantages of it described: also a description of what is a bishop's right employment; namely, to be busy in the service of souls, to do good in all capacities, to promote all public benefits, to propagate Christ's kingdom, &c.

As long as it was thus done by the primitive bishops, princes and people gave them all honor: this shown. But afterwards, when they fell into secular methods, and made their counsels vain by pride, or dirtied their sentences by money, they then became like other men: and so it will always be, unless bishops be more holy than other men.

Concluding exhortations, on the great duty of bishops, and on the important interests that are entrusted to them: rules given for the direction of their conduct; danger of neglect energetically pointed out.

SERMON IV.

CONSECRATION SERMON,

PREACHED AT DUBLIN.

LUKE, CHAP. XII.-VERSES 42, 43.

And the Lord said, Who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom his Lord shall make ruler over his household, to give them their portion of meat in due season?

Blessed is that servant, whom his Lord, when he cometh, shall find so doing.

Τίς ἔστιν ἄρα πιστὸς καὶ φρόνιμος οἰκονόμος.

*

THESE words are not properly a question, though they seem so; and the particle ris is not interrogative, but hypothetical, and extends' who' to whosoever;' plainly meaning, that whoever is a steward over Christ's household, of him God requires a great care, because he hath trusted him with a great employment. Every steward ὃν καθέστηκεν ὁ Κύριος, so it is in St. Matthew; Karaσrioе & Kúpios, so it is in my text; every steward whom the Lord hath or shall appoint over the family, to rule it and to feed it, now and in all generations of men, as long as this family shall abide on earth; that is, the Apostles, and they who were to succeed the Apostles in the stewardship, were to be furnished with the same power, and to undertake the same charge, and to give the same strict and severe ac

In these words here is something insinuated, and much expressed.

1. That which is insinuated only is, who these stewards are, whom Christ had, whom Christ would appoint over his family, the church they are not here named, but we shall find them out by their proper direction and indigitation by and by.

2. But that which is expressed, is the office itself, in a double capacity. 1. In the dignity of it, it is a rule and a government; whom the Lord shall make ruler over his household.' 2. In the care and duty of it, which determines the government to be paternal and profitable; it is a rule, but such a rule as shepherds have over their flocks, to lead them to good pastures, and to keep them within their appointed walks, and within their folds: Sidóvai aroμérpion that is the work, to give them a measure and proportion of nourishment :' rpopǹv év karpų, so St. Matthew calls it: meat in the season;' that which is fit for them, and when it is fit; meat enough, and meat convenient; and both together mean that which the Greek poets call ȧppaλιὴν ἔμμηνον,* * May punov, "the strong wholesome diet."

3. Lastly here is the reward of the faithful and wise dispensation. The steward that does so, and continues to do so, till his Lord find him so doing, this man shall be blessed in his deed. Blessed is the servant, whom his Lord, when he cometh, shall find so doing.' Of these in order.

1. Who are these rulers of Christ's family? for though Christ knew it, and therefore needed not to ask; yet we have disputed it so much, and obeyed so little, that we have changed the plain hypothesis into an entangled question. The answer yet is easy as to some part of the inquiry: the Apostles are the first meaning of the text; for they were our fathers in Christ, they begat sons and daughters unto God; and were a spiritual paternity, is evident: we need look no further for spiritual government, because in the paternal rule all power is founded; they begat the family by the power of the word and the life of the Spirit, and they fed this family, and ruled it, by the word of their proper ministry: they had the keys of this house, the

* Hesiod. "Epy. 765. Gaisford, p. 57.

steward's ensign, and they had the ruler's place; for they sat on twelve thrones, and judged the twelve tribes of Israel.' But of this there is no question.

And as little of another proposition; that this stewardship was to last for ever, for the power of ministering in this office and the office itself were to be perpetual: for the issues and powers of government are more necessary for the perpetuating the church, than for the first planting; and if it was necessary that the Apostles should have a rod and a staff at first, it would be more necessary afterwards, when the family was more numerous, and their first zeal abated, and their native simplicity perverted into arts of hypocrisy and forms of godliness, when heresies should arise, and the love of many should wax cold.' The Apostles had also a power of ordination: and that the very power itself does denote, for it makes perpetuity, that could not expire in the days of the Apostles; for by it they themselves propagated a succession. And Christ, having promised his Spirit to abide with his church for ever, and made bis Apostles the channels, the ministers and conveyances of it, that it might descend as the inheritance and eternal portion of the family; it cannot be imagined, that when the first ministers. were gone, there should not others rise up in the same places, some like to the first, in the same office and ministry of the Spirit. But the thing is plain and evident in the matter of fact also; Quod in ecclesia nunc geritur, hoc olim fecerunt apostoli, said St. Cyprian: "What the Apostles did at first, that the church does to this day,"* and shall do so for ever: for when St. Paul had given to the bishop of Ephesus rules of government in this family, he commands that they should be observed till the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ;' and therefore these authorities and charges are given to him and to his successors; it is the observation of St. Ambrose on the warranty of that text, and is obvious and undeniable.

6

Well, then, the Apostles were the first stewards; and this office dies not with them, but must for ever be succeeded in ; and now begins the inquiry, Who are the successors of the Apostles? for they are, they must evidently be, the stewards to † 1 Tim. vi. 14.

* Epist. 73. ad Jub.