receive from the country his retiring pension of 4000l. a year; besides having supplied his son with about 8000l. a year in sinecures. It is obvious that he cannot like reform.

VANE, Earl of.-Marquis of Londonderry in Ireland.-The opponent of all successive governments; because no government has the same opinion of his merits, which he entertains himself. It is him whom Lord Byron calls " a crazy widower," when speaking of his marriage with the present Lady Londonderry. By the favour of his late brother, Lord Castlereagh, he was placed in high diplomatic situations, for which he was totally unfit. It was upon his request for a diplomatic pension (though he possessed at the time 60,000l. a year, which he has since squandered away), that Lord Liverpool wrote "this is too bad,"-words which may, perhaps, be thought to apply to the whole career of the noble Marquis.

BATHURST, Earl of.-An Old Tory-a Sinecurist-Clerk of the Crown--Teller of the Exchequer with one Son, Clerk of the Privy Council-and another in a high employment at Malta. He was long in office, and perhaps has received more public money than any other man now alive. He has a seat for the Borough of Cirencester.

LIMERICK, Earl of.-A true Irish jobber-who has jobbed Peerages, Earldoms, and, lastly, an English Peerage, out of successive Tory Go

vernments,

'MAYO, Earl of.-An Irish Tory.-Has a large retired pension. His wife is a Lady of the Bed Chamber to the Queen!!!

WALDEGRAVE, Earl.-Has just left the Whigs, and gone over to the Anti-Reformers, supposed to be influenced by the able arguments and deep reasoning of his kinsman, the Duke of Gloucester.

MALMESBURY, Earl of.-Owes his honours, and his sinecure place of Governor of the Isle of Wight to Pitt-and is, therefore, naturally against all Reform.

BOLTON, Lord. Of this nobleman's intellect or opinions it would be unfair to say any thing; suffice it to remark, that he is undoubtedly a very fit supporter of Anti-Reform !

sion.

WALLACE, Lord.-An old Placeman and Tory, and now enjoys a pen-
Made a Peer by the Duke of Wellington.

CowLEY, Lord.-Brother of the Duke of Wellington. Has deserted the side of his eldest brother, Lord Wellesley, who made his fortune, by sending him to India, and giving him an appointment there. Enjoys a large pension.

ARDEN, Lord. An Ultra-Tory. Made a Peer by Pitt-Lord Lieutenant of Surrey, by the Duke of Wellington. Was, during the war, the holder of the greatest sinecure ever known.

'MARYBOROUGH, Lord.-Brother of the Duke of Wellington-late Master of the Stag Hounds-all his life in Office-and now enjoys a pension. Made a Peer by Lord Liverpool.'

But we must close this truly black list, composed as it is of apostate Whigs, of pensioned Tories, and boroughmongering imbeciles-men insensible, for the most part, to any other interest than that of their own personal ascendancy in the state, and the confederated enemies of popular liberty. Let them yield in time,

say we, before the public mind be exasperated; for we may tell them, without affecting the gift of prophecy, that unless they come forward with a good grace, and recall the wicked steps which they have already taken, the day of retribution will not be far off. The people are quiet at present: they are tranquil because they believe, from confidence in their own strength, that their wishes will be eventually realised. But if this hope should be again baffled, the Peers may as well shut up their House-if they do not, it will be shut up for them. We are far from wishing that such things may come to pass, for at best no great changes are effected without individual wrong; but who can control the course of the winds? We may foresee events which are likely to take place, without being responsible for their occurrence, and we may express our opinion as to the probability of their occurrence, without exactly wishing for them. We may truly say, that for these, and the many other mischievous consequences that may follow from the rejection of the Bill, the peers, both spiritual and temporal, will have only to thank themselves.

ART. X.-A Visit to the South Seas, in the United States' Ship, Vincennes, during the years 1829 and 1830: including Scenes in Brazil, Peru, Manilla, the Cape of Good Hope, and St. Helena. By C. S. Stewart, A. M., Chaplain in the United States' Navy. In 2 Vols. London: Colburn and Co. 1832.

Mr.

WHEN the British public will have learned that the volumes before us are the production of a missionary, whose religious and political education has been conducted amongst the free and unsophisticated institutions of the American republic, they will be solicitous to inquire into the success of experiments in diffusing Christianity, which have been planned in a country, and executed by agents, so completely opposed in character and policy to our own. Stewart has been long engaged as an American missionary to the South Seas. He only left the Sandwich Islands in 1825, where he had established himself in the confidence of the inhabitants, and where he might have remained extending the triumphs of Christianity, but that one of those causes, to which our Protestant missionaries, as we have before shewn, are so constantly exposed, arose to interrupt the course of his beneficial labour. His lady was directed by her physicians to avoid, at her peril, a tropical climate, so that her husband was forced, prematurely, to abandon a field, where a brilliant harvest awaited his further superintendance. Whilst yet in suspense as to the best means of carrying on the great purpose to which he had devoted himself, consistently with a necessary attention to his domestic happiness, Mr. Stewart was incidentally informed, that a government vessel, the Guerriere, was about to sail for the Pacific ocean, to relieve the squadron which was stationed there; and that one of the ships destined to

return home, the Vincennes, would, during her voyage, visit the South Sea Islands. In the beginning of the year 1829, Mr. Stewart embarked in the Guerriere at Baltimore. The vessel proceeded to Rio Janeiro, where the company made a short stay. The author gives a copious account of Brazilian customs and manners, entirely according with that which has been already so elegantly narrated by Dr. Walsh, whom, by the way, our naval chaplain met at the court of Brazil, to his own very great gratifi

cation.

The Guerriere, after a short delay in the harbour of Rio Janeiro, pursued her voyage round Cape Horn, and landed her passengers at Valparaiso. They next proceeded to Lima, where they disembarked, for the purpose of visiting the most interesting parts of Peru. The corvette Vincennes, which was appointed to take up the missionary, was now at anchor at Callao, and on the 26th July, 1829, he sailed in her for the South Sea Islands. Those for

which the vessel was first destined, belonged to the United States, and are called the Washington Islands. They are generally confounded in our maps and descriptions with the Spanish group, the Marquesas; but it is singular, that notwithstanding the great proximity of the "Marquesas" and the "Washington," the latter were not discovered till 1791, whereas the others have been known since 1595. Mr. Stewart's account of the inhabitants, and the productions of the Washington group, will have, doubtless, the effect of directing general attention to them. The names of the islands are Huabuka, Nukuhiva, and Napou-the second one being worthy of - remembrance by all Englishmen, as the place where Commodore Porter refitted his squadron in the Pacific, during the late American war. The islands form, by their relative position, a triangular figure, the points of which are included within the parallels of 8° 38′ and 9° 32′ S. lat. and 139° 20 and 140° 10' W. long. from Greenwich. Nukuhiva, the principal island, was selected as the place of disembarkation; and as the inhabitants were in a complete state of nature, and as the little they had already known of civilized visitors was of a very unfavourable character, it became important for the ship's captain, and the chaplain, to deliberate on the proper means of introducing themselves to the islanders. After due consideration, a general order was drawn up by the captain, which was read by the first lieutenant after prayers, a few days before the time fixed on for a landing. This document exhibits strong sense, liberality, and. prudence; and is admirably suited to all occasions of the like nature, whatever be the part of the world where they

occur.

As the ship was bearing away for a convenient place on the shore of Nukuhiva, they were suddenly surprised at seeing the top of one of the hills, directly abreast of the ship, suddenly crowned with islanders. They were naked, and waved streamers of white cloth on their spears, while the coast rang with their shouts. The

ship ran close in with the shore of the above island, opposite a place called the Valley of the Taipiis. It was instantly surrounded by fishing canoes of all sizes, filled with men, who testified their surprise at the arrival of the vessel, by laughter and the most extraordinary expressions of wild joy. Several of the fishermen clambered up the ship's sides, and seemed delighted to be permitted to be in the presence of the crew. The secret of the enthusiasm exhibited by the islanders was afterwards fully developed, for it appeared that they were then at war with a neighbouring tribe, and they took it for granted that there was no other purpose intended by the approach of a ship to their territory, than the conveyance of succours to enable them to triumph over their enemies. In two or three hours after the arrival of the vessel, an announcement was made to the captain that a canoe of chieftains was in attendance. The party consisted of Moana, the king of the tribe, a boy only eight years old; Haape, his guardian; Tenae, a brother of Moana; and Piaroro, a chief of a neighbouring tribe. The boys are described as bright-looking little fellows, of good temper, and so insinuating as to become favourites, in a very short time, with all the officers. They were all naked, except that each had on a simple maro of an inferior kind of tapa or native cloth. Piaroro possessed all the bearing of a prince. He was tall and well proportioned, but his skin was tattooed in so finished a manner as to give it the appearance of a variegated garment.

Having obtained from this desultory intercourse with the natives, some valuable hints as to their character and dispositions, the captain of the Vincennes commenced a more friendly communication, by an offer of various presents. He caused a white flag to be hoisted at the foretop mast head, which, as Piaroro was desired to explain to the natives, who crowded round the vessel in canoes, was intended to be an invitation to all persons who wished to come on board. It was with some difficulty, in the evening, that the ship could be cleared of its visitors, and even some unpleasant manifestations of a resolution to send away the natives, was necessary, in order to accomplish that object. The next day the chiefs returned, accompanied by a no less remarkable companion than Morrison, an Englishman, who had resided in their islands for several years, in the capacity of a collector of sandal wood. The object of the visit was to request that the officers of the ship would come on shore. They complied, and proceeded in a large company to the house, where the young king Moana resided. The construction of the habitations, the manners, and costumes of these islanders, which the author describes at some length, do not differ materially from those of the other tribes of the Pacific, with the exception, that they are not infanticides. Their funeral ceremonies are, however, marked by some strking peculiarities. When a person falls dangerously ill, sorcerers are called in to exercise their skill in combating the disease. Women, in the mean time, pour in, in

crowds, wailing and moaning in the most melancholy tones. If the patient be despaired of, the Tanas (sorcerers) dance naked round the mat of the dying man, cutting their bodies with sharp stones, and uttering the most piercing cries.

This sort of lamentation they keep up until the patient expires, and then they all combine in a terrific and prolonged howl. The corpse is then laid out in a neighbouring house, and watched night and day, whilst the priests occasionally chaunt songs over the deceased. Until these songs are completed, all the friends of the dead man abstain from food, and permit no fire to be lighted in their sight. Meantime every preparation is made for a large feast, the scale of which depends altogether on the station of the person whose memory it is meant to celebrate. Invitations to this festival are carried round by a regular officer, and on the day of holding it, there is always a large concourse of guests. The head of the family cuts up the hogs with a knife of bamboo, and separates the flesh from the bones with a sharp stone. The head of the hog belongs to the principal priest, who always lays it aside, taking care to make a hearty meal on some other part of the fattest of these animals. For the reception of the body of the deceased, a structure of singular formation was raised in a place adjoining the house where it lay. A small platform was raised in the midst of a stone enclosure, at each corner of which a number of long bamboos were erected. These were bound together at short intervals, in a square form, by bands of white cloth, whilst in the interior were seen several cones composed of the braided leaf of a cocoa-nut, confined at the tops by bands of white cloth, whilst the extremities hung down in long pennants. These cones surrounded a bier, which was covered with white, and they were destined to receive the food and water which it was thought the deceased stood in need of. Urns of cocoa-nut oil were likewise placed within this sanctuary, into which heated stones were put, in order that the evaporation of the oil might produce an incense,which was deemed of salutary influence on the condition of the dead man. Mr. Stewart took every opportunity of presenting the beauties and benefits of the Christian religion to the simple minds of the chiefs ruling over Nukuhiva, and for our parts, we cannot refrain from thinking that the kind and prudent conduct of himself and his party, rather than any force of argument which he might have used, generated in these chiefs that confidence in his councils, which induced them to long for his return, or for the approach of those, who, he promised, would repeat to them the same advice.

We have stated that the islanders with whom the ship's crew had hitherto been in communication, namely, the Teiis, Taisas, and Hapas, were waging a sanguinary war against the Taipiis, a neighbouring tribe. Captain Finch thought it prudent to make no distinction between the rival parties, and he resolved to shew an equal solicitude for the condition of the one as he had already exhibited