His countenance, like richest alchymy,

Will change to virtue, and to worthiness.

CAS. Him, and his worth, and our great need of him,

You have right well conceited. Let us go,

For it is after midnight; and, ere day,

We will awake him, and be sure of him. [Exeunt.

ACT II. SCENE I.

The Same. BRUTUS'S Orchard 6.

Enter BRUTUS.

BRU. What, Lucius! ho!

I cannot, by the progress of the stars,

6

Brutus's ORCHARD.] The modern editors read garden, but orchard seems anciently to have had the same meaning.

STEEVENS.

That these two words were anciently synonymous, appears from a line in this play:

he hath left you all his walks,

"His private arbours, and new planted orchards,

"On this side Tyber."

In Sir T. North's translation of Plutarch, the passage which Shakspeare has here copied, stands thus: "He left his gardens and arbours unto the people, which he had on this side of the river Tyber." MALONE.

Orchard was anciently written hort-yard; hence its original meaning is obvious. HENLEY.

By the following quotation, however, it will appear that these words had in the days of Shakspeare acquired a distinct meaning. "It shall be good to have understanding of the ground where ye do plant either orchard or garden with fruite." A Booke of the Arte and Maner howe to plant and graffe all Sortes of Trees, &c. 1574, 4to.-And when Justice Shallow invites Falstaff to see his orchard, where they are to eat a "last year's pippin of his own graffing," he certainly uses the word in its present acceptation. VOL. XII.

D

Give guess how near to day.-Lucius, I say!-
I would it were my fault to sleep so soundly.-
When, Lucius, when? Awake, I say: What Lu-
cius!

Enter LUCIUS.

Luc. Call'd you, my lord?

BRU. Get me a taper in my study, Lucius: When it is lighted, come and call me here.

Luc. I will, my lord.

[Exit. BRU. It must be by his death: and, for my part,

I know no personal cause to spurn at him,
But for the general. He would be crown'd:—
How that might change his nature, there's the
question.

It is the bright day, that brings forth the adder;
And that craves wary walking. Crown him?-

That ;

And then, I grant, we put a sting in him,
That at his will he may do danger with.

The abuse of greatness is, when it disjoins

Remorse from power: And, to speak truth of Cæsar,

Leland also, in his Itinerary, distinguishes them: "At Morle in Derbyshire (says he) there is as much pleasure of orchards of great variety of frute, and fair made walks, and gardens, as in any place of Lancashire." HOLT WHITE.

7 WHEN, Lucius, WHEN?] This was a common expression of impatience in Shakspeare's time. So, Richard II. Act I. Sc. I.: "When Harry? when?" MALONE.

8 REMORSE from power:] Remorse, for mercy. WARBURTON. Remorse (says Mr. Heath) signifies the conscious uneasiness arising from a sense of having done wrong; to extinguish which feeling, nothing has so great a tendency as absolute uncontrouled

power.

I think Warburton right. JOHNSON.

Remorse is pity, tenderness; and has twice occurred in that sense in Measure for Measure. See vol. ix. p. 60, and p. 183. The same word occurs in Othello, and several other of our author's dramas, with the same signification. STEEVENS.

I have not known when his affections sway'd
More than his reason. But 'tis a common proof",
That lowliness is young ambition's ladder,
Whereto the climber-upward turns his face :
But when he once attains the upmost round,
He then unto the ladder turns his back 1,
Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees 2
By which he did ascend: So Cæsar may;
Then, lest he may, prevent. And, since the
quarrel

Will bear no colour for the thing he is,
Fashion it thus; that what he is, augmented,
Would run to these, and these extremities:
And therefore think him as a serpent's egg,
Which, hatch'd, would, as his kind, grow mis-
chievous;

And kill him in the shell.

9 -common proof,] Common experiment. JOHNSON. Common proof means a matter proved by common experience. With great deference to Johnson, I cannot think that the word experiment will bear that meaning. M. MASON.

But when he once attains the utmost round,

He then unto the ladder turns his back, &c.] So, in Daniel's Civil Wars, 1602:

2

"The aspirer once attain'd unto the top,

"Cuts off those means by which himself got up :
"And with a harder hand, and straighter rein,

"Doth curb that looseness he did find before:

"Doubting the occasion like might serve again;

66

His own example makes him fear the more." MALone. base degrees] Low steps. JOHNSON.

So, in Ben Jonson's Sejanus :

"Whom when he saw lie spread on the degrees."

STEEVENS. JOHNSON.

3 as his kind,] According to his nature. So, in Antony and Cleopatra: "You must think this, look the worm [i. e. serpent] will do his kind." STEEVENS. Perhaps rather, as all those of his kind, that is, nature.

you,

MALONE. "As his kind" does not mean, 66 according to his nature, as Johnson asserts, but "like the rest of his species." M. MASON.

Re-enter Lucius.

Luc. The taper burneth in your closet, sir. Searching the window for a flint, I found This paper, thus seal'd up; and, I am sure, It did not lie there, when I went to bed.

BRU. Get you to bed again, it is not day. Is not to-morrow, boy, the ides of March? Luc. I know not, sir.

BRU. Look in the calendar, and bring me word. Luc. I will, sir.

[Exit. BRU. The exhalations, whizzing in the air, Give so much light, that I may read by them.

[Opens the Letter, and reads. Brutus, thou sleep'st; awake, and see thyself. Shall Rome, &c. Speak, strike, redress! Brutus, thou sleep'st; awake,

Such instigations have been often dropp'd

Where I have took them up.

Shall Rome, &c. Thus must I piece it out;
Shall Rome stand under one man's awe? What!
Rome!

My ancestors did from the streets of Rome

4 Is not to-morrow, boy, the IDES of MARCH ?] [Old copythe first of March.] We should read ides: for we can never suppose the speaker to have lost fourteen days in his account. He is here plainly ruminating on what the Soothsayer told Cæsar [Act I. Sc. II.] in his presence. ["-Beware the ides of March."] The boy comes back and says, Sir, March is wasted fourteen days." So that the morrow was the ides of March, as he supposed. For March, May, July, and October, had six nones each, so that the fifteenth of March was the ides of that month. WARBURTON.

66

The correction was made by Mr. Theobald. The error must have been that of a transcriber or printer; for our author without any minute calculation might have found the ides, nones, and kalends, opposite the respective days of the month, in the Almanacks of the time. In Hopton's Concordancie of Yeares, 1616, now before me, opposite to the fifteenth of March is printed Idus. MALONE.

The Tarquin drive, when he was call'd a king.
Speak, strike, redress!-Am I entreated

5

To speak, and strike? O Rome! I make thee promise,

If the redress will follow, thou receivest
Thy full petition at the hand of Brutus!

Re-enter LuCIUS.

Luc. Sir, March is wasted fourteen days".

BRU. 'Tis good. Go to the gate; somebody

knocks.

[Knock within.

[Exit LUCIUS.

Since Cassius first did whet me against Cæsar,

I have not slept.

Between the acting of a dreadful thing

And the first motion, all the interim is

5 - Am I entreated THEN

-] The adverb then, which en

forces the question, and is necessary to the metre, was judiciously supplied by Sir Thomas Hanmer. So, in King Richard III.:

66

wilt thou then

March is wasted FOURTEEN days.] In former editions : "Sir, March is wasted fifteen days."

:

The editors are slightly mistaken it was wasted but fourteen days: this was the dawn of the 15th, when the boy makes his report. THEOBALD.

7 Between the acting of a dreadful thing

And the first motion, &c.] That nice critick, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, complains, that all kind of beauties, those great strokes which he calls the terrible graces, and which are so frequent in Homer, are the rarest to be found in the following writers. Amongst our countrymen, it seems to be as much confined to the British Homer. This description of the condition of conspirators, before the execution of their design, has a pomp and terror in it that perfectly astonishes. The excellent Mr. Addison, whose modesty made him sometimes diffident of his own genius, but whose true judgment always led him to the safest guides, (as we may see by those fine strokes in his Cato borrowed from the Philippics of Cicero,) has paraphrased this fine description; but we are no longer to expect those terrible graces which animate his original :